2023 Half-Year Results - Part 1 of 2

Lloyds Banking Group PLC

26 July 2023

Lloyds Banking Group plc

2023 Half-Year Results

26 July 2023

Part 1 of 2

CONTENTS

Results for the half-year	1
Income statement - underlying basis and key balance sheet metrics	3
Quarterly information	4
Balance sheet analysis	5
Group results - statutory basis	6
Group Chief Executive's statement	7
Summary of Group results	9
Segmental analysis - underlying basis	17

Divisional results
Retail	19
Commercial Banking	21
Insurance, Pensions and Investments	23
Equity Investments and Central Items	26

Alternative performance measures	27

Risk management
Principal risks and uncertainties	33
Capital risk	35
Credit risk	41
Funding and liquidity risk	58
Interest rate sensitivity	62

Statutory information
Condensed consolidated half-year financial statements (unaudited)	63
Consolidated income statement	64
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income	65
Consolidated balance sheet	66
Consolidated statement of changes in equity	68
Consolidated cash flow statement	71
Notes to the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements	72

Statement of directors' responsibilities	121
Independent review report to Lloyds Banking Group plc	122
Key dates	123
Basis of presentation	123
Forward looking statements	124
Contacts	125

Alternative performance measures

The Group uses a number of alternative performance measures, including underlying profit, in the description of its business performance and financial position. These measures are labelled with a superscript 'A' throughout this document. Further information on these measures is set out on page 27. Unless otherwise stated, commentary on pages 1 to 2 and on pages 7 to 8 is given on an underlying basis.

Forward looking statements

This news release contains forward looking statements. For further details, reference should be made to page 124.

RESULTS FOR THE HALF-YEAR

"We know that rising interest rates, cost of living pressures and an uncertain economic outlook are proving challenging for many people and businesses. Guided by our purpose of Helping Britain Prosper, we remain fully focused on proactively supporting our customers and helping them navigate the current environment.

The Group delivered a robust financial performance in the first half of 2023 with strong net income and capital generation alongside resilient asset quality.

We continue to make good progress on delivering our strategic initiatives. Combined with our franchise resilience, this better positions us to support our customers, both today and in the future."

Charlie Nunn,

Group Chief Executive

Fully focused on proactively supporting customers

• Proactively contacting customers to offer cost of living support, including more than 200,000 mortgage customers, alongside committing to the Government's Mortgage Charter

• Contact with more than 550,000 business customers to offer guidance on building financial resilience

• Supporting customers to develop financial resilience; contacted over 10 million customers about savings options, with 1.9 million new savings accounts opened in the first half in response to the Group's higher rates and enhanced offering

Robust financial performance and consistent delivery supporting higher interim dividend

• Continuing to deliver on strategic ambitions and well positioned to deliver for all stakeholders

• Statutory profit after tax of £2.9 billion, with net income of £9.2 billion up 11 per cent (stable on the second half of 2022), partly offset by expected higher operating costs and impairment charge. Strong return on tangible equity of 16.6 per cent in the first half of 2023 and 13.6 per cent in the second quarter

• Statutory profit after tax in the second quarter of £1.2 billion, reflecting broadly stable income compared to the first quarter, offset by increases in operating lease depreciation, operating costs and impairment charges

• Underlying net interest income of £7.0 billion, with a net interest margin of 3.18 per cent. Net interest margin of 3.14 per cent in the second quarter, down 8 basis points compared to the first, given expected headwinds from mortgage and deposit pricing. Average interest-earning assets of £453.8 billion, stable compared to the fourth quarter of 2022

• Other income of £2.5 billion, 7 per cent higher, reflecting continued recovery of customer activity and ongoing investment in the business, building confidence in growth potential

• Operating lease depreciation of £356 million, up 67 per cent, given depreciation cost of higher value vehicles, the Tusker acquisition, lower gains on disposal and recent declines in electric vehicle used car prices

• Operating costs of £4.4 billion, up 6 per cent. The Group has maintained its cost discipline in the context of higher planned strategic investment, new business costs and continued inflationary pressure

• Remediation charge of £70 million remains low, largely in relation to pre-existing programmes

• Impairment charge of £0.7 billion and asset quality ratio of 29 basis points reflecting broadly stable credit trends. Asset quality remains resilient and the portfolio is well-positioned in the context of cost of living pressures

• Loans and advances to customers reduced by £4.2 billion (£1.6 billion in the second quarter) to £450.7 billion, impacted by the first quarter £2.5 billion legacy mortgage portfolio exit and net reductions in the open mortgage book

• Customer deposits of £469.8 billion down £5.5 billion (1.2 per cent), including £6.2 billion in Retail current accounts, partly offset by a £3.5 billion increase in Retail savings balances

• Customer deposits in the second quarter benefited from broadly stable Retail balances. Commercial Banking balances were slightly lower including the expected reversal of short term placements, leading to an overall £3.3 billion reduction

• Loan to deposit ratio of 96 per cent; large, high quality liquid asset portfolio with all assets hedged for interest rate risk

• Strong capital generation of 111 basis points includes the full £800 million fixed pension contributions for 2023; 75 basis points after CRD IV model changes and phased unwind of IFRS 9 relief

• Risk-weighted assets increased by £4.4 billion, including £3 billion anticipated impact of CRD IV model updates

• Tangible net assets per share of 45.7 pence, slightly down on the end of 2022 and down 3.9 pence per share in the second quarter, largely due to the impact of rising rates on the cash flow hedge reserve

• Interim ordinary dividend of 0.92 pence per share, up 15 per cent on the prior year and equivalent to £594 million

• CET1 ratio of 14.2 per cent after 44 basis points for ordinary dividend accrual and 21 basis points for the Tusker acquisition. Remains ahead of ongoing target of c.12.5 per cent, plus a management buffer of c.1 per cent

RESULTS FOR THE HALF-YEAR (continued)

Enhancing guidance for 2023, delivering higher, more sustainable returns

Based on our purpose-driven strategy, robust financial performance and the Group's revised macroeconomic forecasts, we are enhancing our 2023 guidance and now expect:

• Banking net interest margin to be greater than 310 basis points

• Operating costs to be c.£9.1 billion

• Asset quality ratio to be c.30 basis points

• Return on tangible equity to be greater than 14 per cent

• Capital generation to be c.175 basis points¹

¹ Excluding capital distributions and the impact of the Tusker acquisition. Inclusive of ordinary dividends received from the Insurance business.

INCOME STATEMENT - UNDERLYING BASIS^A AND KEY BALANCE SHEET METRICS

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Underlying net interest income	7,004	6,135	14	7,037
Underlying other income¹	2,538	2,367	7	2,299	10
Operating lease depreciation	(356)	(213)	(67)	(160)
Net income	9,186	8,289	11	9,176
Operating costs¹	(4,413)	(4,171)	(6)	(4,501)	2
Remediation	(70)	(79)	11	(176)	60
Total costs	(4,483)	(4,250)	(5)	(4,677)	4
Underlying profit before impairment	4,703	4,039	16	4,499	5
Underlying impairment charge	(662)	(377)	(76)	(1,133)	42
Underlying profit	4,041	3,662	10	3,366	20
Restructuring	(25)	(47)	47	(33)	24
Volatility and other items¹	(146)	(466)	69	(1,700)	91
Statutory profit before tax	3,870	3,149	23	1,633
Tax expense¹	(1,006)	(702)	(43)	(157)
Statutory profit after tax	2,864	2,447	17	1,476	94

Earnings per share¹	3.9p	3.1p	0.8p	1.8p	2.1p
Dividends per share - ordinary	0.92p	0.80p	15	1.60p

Banking net interest margin^A	3.18%	2.77%	41bp	3.10%	8bp
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£453.8bn	£449.6bn	1	£454.3bn

Cost:income ratio^A,1	48.8%	51.3%	(2.5)pp	51.0%	(2.2)pp
Asset quality ratio^A	0.29%	0.17%	12bp	0.48%	(19)bp
Return on tangible equity^A,1	16.6%	11.8%	4.8pp	7.4%	9.2pp

^A See page 27.

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

At 30 Jun
2023

At 30 Jun
2022

Change

At 31 Dec
2022

Change

Loans and advances to customers

£450.7bn

£456.1bn

(1)

£454.9bn

(1)

Customer deposits

£469.8bn

£478.2bn

(2)

£475.3bn

(1)

Loan to deposit ratio^A

96%

95%

1pp

96%

CET1 ratio

14.2%

14.7%

(0.5)pp

15.1%

(0.9)pp

Pro forma CET1 ratio^A,1

14.2%

14.8%

(0.6)pp

14.1%

0.1pp

UK leverage ratio

5.7%

5.3%

0.4pp

5.6%

0.1pp

Risk-weighted assets

£215.3bn

£209.6bn

£210.9bn

Wholesale funding

£103.5bn

£97.7bn

£100.3bn

Liquidity coverage ratio²

142%

144%

(2)pp

Net stable funding ratio³

130%

Tangible net assets per share^A,4

45.7p

51.4p

(5.7)p

46.5p

(0.8)p

¹ 30 June 2022 reflects the interim ordinary dividend received from the Insurance business in July 2022. 31 December 2022 reflects the interim ordinary dividend received from the Insurance business in February 2023 and the full impact of the announced share buyback, but excludes the impact of the phased unwind of IFRS 9 relief on 1 January 2023.

² The liquidity coverage ratio is calculated as a monthly rolling simple average over the previous 12 months.

³ Net stable funding ratio is based on an average of the four previous quarters.

⁴ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

QUARTERLY INFORMATION^A

	Quarter ended 30 Jun 2023 £m	Quarter ended 31 Mar 2023 £m	Change %	Quarter ended 31 Dec 2022 £m	Quarter ended 30 Sep 2022 £m	Quarter ended 30 Jun 2022 £m	Quarter ended 31 Mar 2022 £m

Underlying net interest income	3,469	3,535	(2)	3,643	3,394	3,190	2,945
Underlying other income¹	1,281	1,257	2	1,128	1,171	1,185	1,182
Operating lease depreciation	(216)	(140)	(54)	(78)	(82)	(119)	(94)
Net income	4,534	4,652	(3)	4,693	4,483	4,256	4,033
Operating costs¹	(2,243)	(2,170)	(3)	(2,356)	(2,145)	(2,112)	(2,059)
Remediation	(51)	(19)		(166)	(10)	(27)	(52)
Total costs	(2,294)	(2,189)	(5)	(2,522)	(2,155)	(2,139)	(2,111)
Underlying profit before impairment	2,240	2,463	(9)	2,171	2,328	2,117	1,922
Underlying impairment charge	(419)	(243)	(72)	(465)	(668)	(200)	(177)
Underlying profit	1,821	2,220	(18)	1,706	1,660	1,917	1,745
Restructuring	(13)	(12)	(8)	(11)	(22)	(23)	(24)
Volatility and other items¹	(198)	52		(638)	(1,062)	(289)	(177)
Statutory profit before tax	1,610	2,260	(29)	1,057	576	1,605	1,544
Tax expense¹	(387)	(619)	37	(75)	(82)	(303)	(399)
Statutory profit after tax	1,223	1,641	(25)	982	494	1,302	1,145

Banking net interest margin^A	3.14%	3.22%	(8)bp	3.22%	2.98%	2.87%	2.68%
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£453.4bn	£454.2bn		£453.8bn	£454.9bn	£451.2bn	£448.0bn

Cost:income ratio^A,1	50.6%	47.1%	3.5pp	53.7%	48.1%	50.3%	52.3%
Asset quality ratio^A	0.36%	0.22%	14bp	0.38%	0.57%	0.17%	0.16%
Return on tangible equity^A,1	13.6%	19.1%	(5.5)pp	11.0%	4.2%	13.0%	10.7%

Loans and advances to customers	£450.7bn	£452.3bn		£454.9bn	£456.3bn	£456.1bn	£451.8bn
Customer deposits	£469.8bn	£473.1bn	(1)	£475.3bn	£484.3bn	£478.2bn	£481.1bn
Loan to deposit ratio^A	96%	96%		96%	94%	95%	94%

Risk-weighted assets	£215.3bn	£210.9bn	2	£210.9bn	£210.8bn	£209.6bn	£210.2bn
Tangible net assets per share^A,1	45.7p	49.6p	(3.9)p	46.5p	44.5p	51.4p	53.7p

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

	At 30 Jun 2023 £bn	At 31 Mar 2023 £bn	Change %	At 30 Jun 2022¹ £bn	Change %	At 31 Dec 2022 £bn	Change %

Loans and advances to customers
Open mortgage book	297.9	298.6		296.6		299.6	(1)
Closed mortgage book	8.5	8.9	(4)	13.1	(35)	11.6	(27)
Credit cards	14.9	14.4	3	14.2	5	14.3	4
UK Retail unsecured loans	9.3	9.0	3	8.5	9	8.7	7
UK Motor Finance	14.9	14.7	1	14.2	5	14.3	4
Overdrafts	1.0	1.0		1.0		1.0
Wealth	0.9	0.9		1.0	(10)	0.9
Retail other²	14.5	14.2	2	12.5	16	13.8	5
Small and Medium Businesses	35.5	36.4	(2)	41.1	(14)	37.7	(6)
Corporate and Institutional Banking	56.6	56.7		55.7	2	56.0	1
Central items³	(3.3)	(2.5)	(32)	(1.8)	(83)	(3.0)	(10)
Loans and advances to customers	450.7	452.3		456.1	(1)	454.9	(1)

Customer deposits
Retail current accounts	107.8	110.5	(2)	113.4	(5)	114.0	(5)
Retail relationship savings accounts	169.4	166.7	2	165.8	2	166.3	2
Retail tactical savings accounts	16.5	16.4	1	16.9	(2)	16.1	2
Wealth	12.2	12.9	(5)	14.9	(18)	14.4	(15)
Commercial Banking deposits	163.6	166.5	(2)	166.7	(2)	163.8
Central items	0.3	0.1		0.5	(40)	0.7	(57)
Total customer deposits	469.8	473.1	(1)	478.2	(2)	475.3	(1)

¹ The portfolios shown reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

² Primarily Europe.

³ Central items includes central fair value hedge accounting adjustments. 30 June 2022 included a £200 million ECL central adjustment that was not allocated to specific portfolios. In the third quarter of 2022 this central adjustment was released.

GROUP RESULTS - STATUTORY BASIS

The results below are prepared in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The underlying results are shown on page 3.

Summary income statement	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m	Change %

Net interest income	6,798	6,037	13	6,885	(1)
Other income	8,097	(18,030)		(238)
Total income	14,895	(11,993)		6,647
Net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	(5,589)	19,941		946
Total income, after net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	9,306	7,948	17	7,593	23
Operating expenses	(4,774)	(4,418)	(8)	(4,819)	1
Impairment	(662)	(381)	(74)	(1,141)	42
Profit before tax	3,870	3,149	23	1,633
Tax expense	(1,006)	(702)	(43)	(157)
Profit for the period	2,864	2,447	17	1,476	94

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders	2,572	2,190	17	1,199
Ordinary shares in issue (weighted-average - basic)	66,226m	70,192m	(6)	67,524m	(2)
Basic earnings per share	3.9p	3.1p	0.8p	1.8p	2.1p

Summary balance sheet	At 30 Jun 2023 £m	At 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	At 31 Dec 2022¹ £m	Change %
Assets
Cash and balances at central banks	95,522	86,717	10	91,388	5
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	191,525	179,606	7	180,769	6
Derivative financial instruments	23,670	29,734	(20)	24,753	(4)
Financial assets at amortised cost	510,908	529,434	(3)	520,322	(2)
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	22,232	24,329	(9)	23,154	(4)
Other assets	38,947	35,987	8	33,008	18
Total assets	882,804	885,807		873,394	1

Liabilities
Deposits from banks	6,222	7,470	(17)	7,266	(14)
Customer deposits	469,813	478,215	(2)	475,331	(1)
Repurchase agreements at amortised cost	44,622	48,175	(7)	48,596	(8)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	23,777	19,735	20	17,755	34
Derivative financial instruments	23,662	26,531	(11)	24,042	(2)
Debt securities in issue	79,264	74,284	7	73,819	7
Liabilities arising from insurance and investment contracts	155,509	147,739	5	149,754	4
Other liabilities	25,596	25,165	2	22,190	15
Subordinated liabilities	9,857	10,773	(9)	10,730	(8)
Total liabilities	838,322	838,087		829,483	1
Total equity	44,482	47,720	(7)	43,911	1
Total equity and liabilities	882,804	885,807		873,394	1

¹ Restated for presentational changes and for the adoption of IFRS 17; see notes 1 (page 72) and 24 (page 114).

GROUP CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S STATEMENT

We set out our ambitious new strategy last year and are making good progress. Since that time, the macroeconomic environment has changed significantly. We are seeing higher and more persistent inflation, driving a significant increase in interest rates and a slower economic recovery than we had anticipated. Our strategy remains the right one, but in this context and guided by our purpose of Helping Britain Prosper, we have increased our focus on proactively supporting our customers, helping them navigate the current environment.

The Group is performing well and has delivered a robust financial performance in the first half of the year with continued income growth. This performance, alongside continued business momentum, has enabled our enhanced customer support and positions the Group well for the future. It has also enabled the Board to announce an interim ordinary dividend of 0.92 pence per share, up 15 per cent on the first half of 2022.

We have made good progress on our strategic ambitions and we are on track to deliver our targets, with the aim of growing our business and deepening relationships with our customers, meeting more of their financial needs. We believe our purpose-driven strategy will deliver higher, more sustainable returns, whilst better positioning the Group to support customers now and in the future.

Supporting our customers

We know that many people and businesses are experiencing significant challenges given inflationary pressures and higher interest rates. Our purpose-driven business model and strong financial foundations enable us to provide enhanced support to our customers.

We are continuing to proactively contact our customers to offer support due to the rising cost of living, including over 200,000 mortgage customers most affected by rising interest rates. We have also offered c.260,000 customers a £500 interest free overdraft buffer since the start of 2023. We have committed to the Government's Mortgage Charter and product transfers are now available six months in advance for residential mortgage customers¹. To enable our customers to build their financial resilience and develop a savings habit, we continue to launch competitive rated fixed products and have expanded our offering to include tiered rates and limited withdrawal accounts with attractive rates, as well as raising rates on instant access savings accounts. We have contacted over 10 million customers about their savings options and have seen 1.9 million new savings accounts opened in the first half of 2023.

Whilst our business customers continue to demonstrate resilience, we continue to proactively contact more than 550,000 customers with guidance on how to build financial resilience. We have launched a hub in partnership with Mental Health UK to support small business leaders and owners.

Robust financial performance

In the first six months, we delivered a robust financial performance with business trends developing in line with our expectations.

Statutory profit after tax of £2.9 billion was up 17 per cent on the first half of 2022, albeit the second quarter was down 25 per cent on the first quarter. Net income increased 11 per cent to £9.2 billion in the first half, supported by a strengthened banking net interest margin, broadly stable average interest-earning assets compared to year end and the continued recovery in other income. The banking net interest margin reduced 8 basis points in the second quarter compared to the first quarter, as a result of expected headwinds from mortgage and deposit pricing. Operating costs of £4.4 billion increased by 6 per cent with cost discipline maintained in the context of higher planned strategic investment, costs associated with new businesses and expected inflationary effects. Asset quality remains resilient and the impairment charge of £0.7 billion reflects our broadly stable credit metrics.

Loans and advances to customers decreased by £4.2 billion in the half to £450.7 billion. This was largely the result of the £2.5 billion exit of legacy retail mortgage loans in the first quarter and modest net reductions in the open mortgage book. Customer deposits were down 1.2 per cent in the first half of the year at £469.8 billion. Retail balances were broadly stable in the second quarter as current account balances have reduced but savings balances have grown.

Underpinned by this robust financial performance, the Group generated 111 basis points of CET1 capital in the first half of 2023, enabling the Board to announce an interim ordinary dividend of 0.92 pence per share, an increase of 15 per cent on prior year and in line with our progressive and sustainable ordinary dividend policy.

As usual, the Board will continue to give due consideration at each year end to the return of any surplus capital. In February this year, the Board decided to return surplus capital through a share buyback programme of up to £2.0 billion. As at 30 June 2023, the programme had completed £1.5 billion of the buyback, with c.3.3 billion ordinary shares purchased.

GROUP CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S STATEMENT (continued)

Focusing on serving all stakeholders, making progress on our strategic priorities

We have a purpose-driven strategy. Core to this is our focus on contributing to an inclusive society and supporting the transition to a low carbon economy, while creating new opportunities for our future growth. Our initiatives in building a more inclusive society include lending £5.6 billion to first time buyers and supporting c.£1 billion of funding to the social housing sector in the first half of the year. We have launched our new partnership with the homelessness charity Crisis and together we believe we can help end homelessness. Importantly, we remain on track to reach our gender and ethnic diversity ambitions by 2025 and have announced a new ambition to double the representation of colleagues with a disability in senior roles by 2025.

To help support the transition to a low carbon economy we have funded c.£20 billion of green and sustainable financing² since January 2022 and made more than £20 billion of discretionary investments in climate-aware strategies³ through Scottish Widows since January 2021. In the first half of the year, we launched a new sustainability hub and training modules for mortgage brokers to promote sustainability in housing and agreed to partner with the Green Finance Institute to develop a blueprint for property-linked retrofit finance.

We are now in the second year of our five-year strategic transformation. Having laid the foundations in 2022, we are now building momentum across our strategic initiatives, as well as realising business and financial benefits. In the first half of 2023, we accelerated our deployment, investing a further £0.6 billion to reach c.£1.4 billion to date. We are now at the halfway stage for the 2024 targeted outcomes that we outlined last year and are on track to deliver against these, whilst surpassing our targets on some. For example, we now have 20.6 million digitally active customers, up c.13 per cent since the end of 2021 and are already ahead of our 2024 ambition. We have reduced our office footprint by c.20 per cent over the same period as we progress towards a reduction of more than 30 per cent by the end of 2024. Our progress is split across all of our strategic priority areas, alongside the strategic enablers of people, technology and data. It provides us with confidence that we are on track to deliver c.£0.7 billion of additional revenues from strategic initiatives and c.£1.2 billion of gross cost savings by the end of 2024. We continue to believe our strategy is the right one to position the Group for success over both the medium and long-term. We are encouraged by the progress we have made.

Enhancing guidance for 2023, delivering higher, more sustainable returns

Although the macroeconomic outlook remains uncertain, our people, business model and financial strength ensure that we can continue to support our customers and Help Britain Prosper. As we continue to make progress against our strategic ambitions we remain confident that successful delivery will create a more sustainable business and deliver increased shareholder returns in the medium to longer-term. Based on our purpose-driven strategy, robust financial performance and the Group's revised macroeconomic forecasts, we are enhancing our 2023 guidance and now expect:

• Banking net interest margin to be greater than 310 basis points

• Operating costs to be c.£9.1 billion

• Asset quality ratio to be c.30 basis points

• Return on tangible equity to be greater than 14 per cent

• Capital generation to be c.175 basis points⁴

¹ Product transfers available for residential customers in arrears (Halifax, Lloyds Bank and the majority of Bank of Scotland customers). Advanced product transfers available to Halifax and Lloyds Bank customers.

² Since 1 January 2022, c.£6bn green mortgage lending (at 31 March 2023), c.£4 billion financing for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, c.£11 billion sustainable finance for corporate and institutional clients (at 30 June 2023).

³ Since 1 January 2022, c.£20 billion discretionary investment in climate aware strategies through Scottish Widows.

⁴ Excluding capital distributions and the impact of the Tusker acquisition. Inclusive of ordinary dividends received from the Insurance business.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS^A

Robust financial performance and consistent delivery supporting higher interim dividend

Statutory results

The Group's statutory profit before tax for the first half of 2023 was £3,870 million, 23 per cent higher than the same period in 2022, benefiting from higher net income, partly offset by operating expense and impairment charge increases. Statutory profit after tax was £2,864 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £2,447 million). In the second quarter of the year, statutory profit before tax was £1,610 million and statutory profit after tax was £1,223 million, lower than the first quarter.

The Group's statutory income statement includes income and expenses attributable to the policyholders of the Group's long-term assurance funds. These items materially offset in arriving at profit before tax but can, depending on market movements, lead to significant variances on a statutory basis between total income and net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts from one period to the next. In the first half of 2023, due to market conditions, the Group recognised net gains on policyholder investments within total income, which were materially offset by the corresponding decrease in net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts.

Total income, after net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts for the first half of 2023 was £9,306 million, an increase of 17 per cent on the same period in 2022, primarily reflecting higher net interest income in the period. Net interest income of £6,798 million was up 13 per cent on the prior year, driven by stronger margins and higher average interest-earning banking assets, supported by growth in the open mortgage book, Retail unsecured and European retail business.

Other income amounted to a gain of £8,097 million in the half-year to 30 June 2023, compared to a loss of £18,030 million in the same period in 2022. Net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts was a loss of £5,589 million in the first half of 2023 compared to a gain of £19,941 million in the first half of 2022, reflecting improved global equity markets.

The Group maintained its focus on cost management, whilst increasing strategic investment as planned. Total operating expenses of £4,774 million were 8 per cent higher than in the prior year. This reflects higher planned strategic investment, new business costs and inflationary effects. In the first half of 2023 the Group recognised remediation costs of £70 million largely in relation to pre-existing programmes (half-year to 30 June 2022: £79 million). The higher operating lease depreciation charge reflected the depreciation cost of higher value vehicles, the Tusker acquisition, lower gains on disposal and recent declines in battery electric used car prices.

Impairment was a net charge of £662 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £381 million). This reflects a charge of £657 million, pre-updated multiple economic scenarios (MES), in the period (half-year to 30 June 2022: £282 million) and a small net £5 million MES charge (half-year to 30 June 2022: £95 million charge).

The Group recognised a tax expense of £1,006 million in the period, compared to £702 million in the first half of 2022.

Loans and advances to customers fell by £4.2 billion in the first half of 2023 (£1.6 billion in the second quarter) to £450.7 billion, largely as a result of the exit of £2.5 billion of legacy Retail mortgage loans (including £2.1 billion in the closed mortgage book) during the first quarter. Excluding this, loans and advances to customers were down 0.4 per cent. £2.5 billion growth in other Retail lending, principally unsecured, was offset by a net reduction of £1.3 billion in the open mortgage book and net repayments in Small and Medium Businesses including government-backed lending.

Customer deposits at £469.8 billion have decreased by £5.5 billion (1.2 per cent) since the end of 2022. This included decreases in Retail current account balances of £6.2 billion as a result of tax payments, higher spend and a more competitive market, including the Group's own savings offers where balances increased by £3.5 billion, partly from transfers from the Group's current account customer base. Commercial Banking deposits were stable during the first half of 2023. Customer deposits in the second quarter reduced £3.3 billion including the expected reversal of short term placements in Commercial Banking, while Retail balances were broadly stable. In the first half of 2023, due to market conditions, an increase was seen in policyholder investments, primarily within financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. This was materially offset by a corresponding increase in the related insurance and investment contract liabilities.

Total equity of £44,482 million at 30 June 2023 increased from £43,911 million at 31 December 2022. The movement reflected attributable profit for the period and issuance of other equity instruments in the first quarter, partially offset by market movements impacting the cash flow hedge reserve and pensions, the dividend paid in May 2023 and the impact of the share buyback programme. As at 30 June 2023, the programme had completed £1.5 billion of the buyback, with c.3.3 billion ordinary shares purchased.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Underlying results

The Group's underlying profit for the first half of 2023 was £4,041 million, compared to £3,662 million in the prior year. Growth in net income was partly offset by higher operating costs and impairment charges. Underlying profit in the second quarter reduced 18 per cent compared to the first, reflecting broadly stable income offset by increases in operating lease depreciation, operating costs and underlying impairment charges.

Net income^A

Net income of £9,186 million was up 11 per cent on the prior year, with higher net interest income and other income partially offset by an increased charge for operating lease depreciation.

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Underlying net interest income	7,004	6,135	14	7,037
Underlying other income¹	2,538	2,367	7	2,299	10
Operating lease depreciation	(356)	(213)	(67)	(160)
Net income^A	9,186	8,289	11	9,176

Banking net interest margin^A	3.18%	2.77%	41bp	3.10%	8bp
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£453.8bn	£449.6bn	1	£454.3bn

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

Net interest income in the first half of £7,004 million was up 14 per cent, driven by a stronger banking net interest margin of 3.18 per cent (half-year to 30 June 2022: 2.77 per cent, half-year to 31 December 2022: 3.10 per cent) and higher average interest-earning banking assets. The net interest margin benefitted from UK Bank Rate increases and higher structural hedge earnings from the rising rate environment, partly offset by asset margin compression, particularly in the mortgage book and unsecured lending. Average interest-earning banking assets were up 1 per cent compared to the first half of 2022 at £453.8 billion, supported by growth in the open mortgage book, Retail unsecured and the European retail business. Net interest income in the first half of 2023 included a non-banking interest income charge of £155 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £52 million), an increase on the prior year as a result of higher funding costs and growth in the Group's non-banking businesses. Net interest income in the second quarter of £3,469 million was 2 per cent lower than the first quarter, reflecting a lower net interest margin of 3.14 per cent (three months to 31 March 2023: 3.22 per cent) and stable average interest earning assets. The Group now expects the banking net interest margin for 2023 to be greater than 310 basis points. Average interest-earning assets over 2023 are expected to be down slightly compared to the fourth quarter of 2022.

The Group manages the risk to earnings and capital from movements in interest rates by hedging the net liabilities which are stable or less sensitive to movements in rates. As at 30 June 2023, the Group's structural hedge had an approved capacity of £255 billion (31 December 2022: £255 billion). The nominal balance of the structural hedge was £255 billion (31 December 2022: £255 billion) with a weighted-average duration of approximately three-and-a-half years (31 December 2022: approximately three-and-a-half years). The Group continues to review the stability and mix of underlying deposits and their eligibility for the structural hedge and expects a modest reduction in nominal balance in the second half given deposit mix changes. The Group generated £1.6 billion of total gross income from structural hedge balances in the first half of 2023, representing material growth over the prior year (half-year to 30 June 2022: £1.2 billion). The Group continues to expect hedge earnings in 2023 to be c.£0.8 billion higher than in 2022.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Underlying other income in the first half of £2,538 million was 7 per cent higher compared to £2,367 million in the prior year, with growth across Retail, Commercial Banking and Insurance, Pensions and Investments. Underlying other income was 2 per cent higher in the second quarter versus the first, reflecting progress in the underlying business. Retail other income was up 18 per cent on the prior year, including increased current account and credit card activity, improved Lex performance and the impact of the acquisition of Tusker. Retail other income was 13 per cent higher in the second quarter versus the first, benefiting from higher customer spending, the Tusker acquisition and Lex performance. Commercial Banking other income was up 17 per cent versus the prior year, reflecting improved trading and strong bond financing performance, down modestly in the second quarter given less favourable market conditions.

Insurance, Pensions and Investments other income was 16 per cent higher than the prior year, driven by balance sheet growth from both new business and the impact of adding a drawdown feature in 2022 to existing long-standing and workplace pension business. This resulted in higher contractual service margin and risk adjustment releases to income. Insurance, Pensions and Investments other income was 9 per cent higher in the second quarter versus the first, principally as a result of improved general insurance net income, with lower claims. The Group delivered good organic growth in Insurance, Pensions and Investments and Wealth (reported within Retail) assets under administration (AuA), with combined £4 billion net new money in open book AuA over the period. In total, open book AuA currently stand at
c.£168 billion.

Other income from the Group's equity investments businesses, including Lloyds Development Capital, was lower than the prior year, reflecting more subdued market conditions in the first half of 2023.

Operating lease depreciation of £356 million increased by 67 per cent compared to the prior year, reflecting the depreciation cost of higher value vehicles, the Tusker acquisition, lower gains on disposal and recent declines in battery electric used car prices. Overall, operating lease depreciation is increasing towards more normalised levels as expected.

Total costs^A

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Operating costs^A,1	4,413	4,171	(6)	4,501	2
Remediation	70	79	11	176	60
Total costs^A,1	4,483	4,250	(5)	4,677	4

Cost:income ratio^A,1	48.8%	51.3%	(2.5)pp	51.0%	(2.2)pp

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

Total costs of £4,483 million were 5 per cent higher than in the prior year, and 5 per cent higher in the second quarter than the first. The Group has maintained its cost discipline. Operating costs were up 6 per cent to £4,413 million, given the higher planned strategic investment (expected to peak in 2023), new business costs and inflationary effects, partially mitigated by continued cost efficiency. The Group's cost:income ratio for the first half of 2023 was 48.8 per cent, compared to 51.3 per cent in the prior year. Consistent with guidance, operating costs are expected to be c.£9.1 billion in 2023 (2022: £8.7 billion).

The Group recognised remediation costs of £70 million in the first half of 2023, largely in relation to pre-existing programmes (half-year to 30 June 2022: £79 million), with £51 million in the second quarter. There have been no further charges relating to HBOS Reading and the provision held continues to reflect the Group's best estimate of its full liability, albeit uncertainties remain. Following the FCA's Motor Market review, the Group continues to receive complaints and is engaging with the Financial Ombudsman Service in respect of historical motor commission arrangements. Discussions are continuing, with the remediation and financial impact, if any, remaining uncertain.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Underlying impairment^A

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Charges pre-updated MES²
Retail	551	285	(93)	488	(13)
Commercial Banking	108	(7)		129	16
Other	(2)	4		16
	657	282		633	(4)
Updated economic outlook
Retail	41	171	76	429	90
Commercial Banking	(36)	124		271
Other	-	(200)		(200)
	5	95	95	500	99
Underlying impairment charge^A	662	377	(76)	1,133	42

Asset quality ratio^A	0.29%	0.17%	12bp	0.48%	(19)bp
Total expected credit loss allowance (at end of period)	5,419	4,514	(20)	5,284	(3)

¹ Impairment charges for Retail, Commercial Banking and Other reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

² Impairment charges excluding the impact from updated economic outlook taken each quarter.

Asset quality remains resilient with only modest deterioration to date from a low base, with credit performance similar, or favourable, to pre-pandemic experience. Underlying impairment was a net charge of £662 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £377 million, half-year to 31 December 2022: £1,133 million), resulting in an asset quality ratio of 29 basis points. This included a small net £5 million multiple economic scenarios (MES) charge, with £84 million in the second quarter (half-year to 30 June 2022: £95 million charge), reflecting a stronger near-term GDP outlook relative to the view at year end, offset by increased losses assumed from a higher UK Bank Rate outlook. The pre-updated MES charge was £657 million in the period (half-year to 30 June 2022: £282 million, half-year to 31 December 2022: £633 million), equivalent to an asset quality ratio of 29 basis points. The increase compared to the first half of 2022 reflects increased flows to default primarily in legacy variable rate UK mortgage portfolios and higher charges on existing Stage 3 clients in Commercial Banking, the impact of higher discount rates on future recoveries, as well as the expected credit loss (ECL) allowance build from Stage 1 loans rolling forward into a more adverse economic outlook.

The ECL allowance of £5.4 billion (31 December 2022: £5.3 billion) continues to reflect a probability-weighted view of economic scenarios built out from the base case and its associated conditioning assumptions. A 30 per cent weighting is applied to the base case, upside and downside scenarios and a 10 per cent weighting to the severe downside. The base case outlook improved modestly in the first quarter of 2023, but then deteriorated in the second quarter to a similar overall position to the end of 2022. The updated base case no longer anticipates a mild GDP recession, however it anticipates a slower recovery and a UK Bank Rate peak of 5.5 per cent which, alongside inflation, remains higher for longer than previously assumed. Unemployment and asset price forecasts are not materially changed from those used at the year end, with unemployment still assumed to rise to 5.3 per cent and HPI to observe a peak to trough decline of 12 per cent. The probability-weighted ECL is impacted by higher UK Bank Rates increasing flows to default assumptions, partly offset by improvements in GDP and HPI levels in the downside scenarios. The Group continues to include an adjusted severe downside scenario to incorporate higher CPI inflation and UK Bank Rate profiles.

Management judgement adjustments have reduced in the first half of 2023. With all COVID-19 related judgements released by the end of 2022, the remaining judgements include c.£250 million at 30 June 2023 held in respect of the current high inflationary and interest rate pressures not deemed to be fully captured by models, with other judgements covering broader limitations in the Group's impairment models or data inputs largely netting off at a Group level.

Observed portfolio performance has seen slightly increased levels of new to arrears rates in UK mortgages. New to arrears remain broadly stable across unsecured portfolios, with only credit cards marginally above pre-pandemic levels. UK mortgages flow to default rates have seen an increase to above pre-pandemic levels, primarily due to legacy variable rate assets, with credit performance among more recent vintages remaining resilient. Unsecured flow to default rates remain broadly flat. The Commercial Banking portfolio's credit quality remains resilient with only a small number of credit metrics indicating very modest deterioration.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Stage 2 loans and advances to customers are flat at the half year at £65.7 billion including a reduction of £0.9 billion in respect of the exit of £2.5 billion of legacy Retail mortgage loans, against an offsetting increase largely as a result of the higher bank base rate outlook relative to year end. 92 per cent of Group Stage 2 loans are up to date (31 December 2022: 93 per cent). Stage 3 assets were £10.7 billion as at 30 June 2023 (31 December 2022: £10.8 billion) with £0.4 billion removed as a result of the legacy Retail mortgage loans exit. Excluding this, Stage 3 assets grew by £0.3 billion reflecting an increase in UK mortgages and low levels of write-offs in the period.

On the basis of the Group's revised macroeconomic forecast, the Group continues to expect the asset quality ratio to be c.30 basis points in 2023.

Restructuring, volatility and other items

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Underlying profit^A,1	4,041	3,662	10	3,366	20
Restructuring	(25)	(47)	47	(33)	24
Volatility and other items
Market volatility and asset sales¹	(63)	(359)	82	(1,619)	96
Amortisation of purchased intangibles	(35)	(35)		(35)
Fair value unwind	(48)	(72)	33	(46)	(4)
	(146)	(466)	69	(1,700)	91
Statutory profit before tax	3,870	3,149	23	1,633
Tax expense¹	(1,006)	(702)	(43)	(157)
Statutory profit after tax	2,864	2,447	17	1,476	94

Earnings per share¹	3.9p	3.1p	0.8p	1.8p	2.1p
Return on tangible equity^A,1	16.6%	11.8%	4.8pp	7.4%	9.2pp
Tangible net assets per share^A,1	45.7p	51.4p	(5.7)p	46.5p	(0.8)p

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

Restructuring costs remain low at £25 million (half-year to 30 June 2022: £47 million) and include costs relating to the integration of Embark and other integrations. Volatility and other items were a net loss of £146 million for the first half of 2023 (half-year to 30 June 2022: net loss of £466 million), comprising negative market volatility and asset sales of £63 million, £35 million for the amortisation of purchased intangibles (half-year to 30 June 2022: £35 million) and £48 million relating to fair value unwind (half-year to 30 June 2022: £72 million). Market volatility and asset sales included negative impacts from insurance volatility partly offset by positive banking volatility. Volatility and other items in 2022, predominantly in the second half, included an exceptional charge from contract modifications in Insurance under IFRS 17 following the addition of a drawdown feature to existing long-standing and workplace pensions as a significant customer enhancement.

The return on tangible equity for the first half of 2023 was 16.6 per cent (half-year to 30 June 2022: 11.8 per cent), reflecting the Group's robust financial performance, lower market volatility losses in the period, as well as a reduction in average tangible equity. The Group expects the return on tangible equity to be greater than 14 per cent, benefiting from stronger income and lower tangible net assets in 2023 than expected. Earnings per share were 3.9 pence (half-year to 30 June 2022: 3.1 pence).

Tangible net assets per share as at 30 June 2023 were 45.7 pence, marginally lower than 46.5 pence at 31 December 2022. The reduction resulted from dividend payments as well as market movements negatively impacting the cash flow hedge reserve in the context of rising rates, offset by attributable profit and a reduction in the number of shares as a result of the ongoing ordinary share buyback. Tangible net assets per share reduced by 3.9 pence in the second quarter, due to rate induced market movements impacting cash flow hedge reserve and pensions, combined with the dividend payment and reduction in the number of shares.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

The Group recognised a tax expense of £1,006 million in the period (half-year to 30 June 2022: £702 million). The Group expects a medium-term effective tax rate of around 27 per cent, which includes the impact of the reduction in the rate of banking surcharge and the increase in corporation tax rate from 19 per cent to 25 per cent, both of which came into effect on 1 April 2023. An explanation of the relationship between the tax expense and the Group's accounting profit for the year is set out on page 84.

Balance sheet

At 30 Jun
2023

At 30 Jun
2022

Change

At 31 Dec
2022

Change

Loans and advances to customers

£450.7bn

£456.1bn

(1)

£454.9bn

(1)

Customer deposits

£469.8bn

£478.2bn

(2)

£475.3bn

(1)

Loan to deposit ratio^A

96%

95%

1pp

96%

Wholesale funding

£103.5bn

£97.7bn

£100.3bn

Wholesale funding <1 year maturity

£40.8bn

£37.9bn

£37.5bn

Of which money-market funding <1 year maturity¹

£32.4bn

£21.5bn

£24.8bn

Liquidity coverage ratio - eligible assets²

£138.2bn

£145.9bn

(5)

£144.7bn

(4)

Liquidity coverage ratio³

142%

144%

(2pp)

Net stable funding ratio⁴

130%

¹ Excludes balances relating to margins of £2.1 billion (31 December 2022: £2.6 billion).

² Eligible assets are calculated as a monthly rolling simple average of month end observations over the previous 12 months post any liquidity haircuts.

³ The liquidity coverage ratio is calculated as a monthly rolling simple average over the previous 12 months.

⁴ Net stable funding ratio is based on an average of the four previous quarters.

The Group has a large, high quality liquid asset portfolio held mainly in cash and government bonds, with all assets hedged for interest rate risk. The Group's liquid assets continue to significantly exceed regulatory requirements and internal risk appetite, with a strong and stable liquidity coverage ratio of 142 per cent (31 December 2022: 144 per cent) and a strong net stable funding ratio of 130 per cent (31 December 2022: 130 per cent) as at 30 June 2023. The loan to deposit ratio of 96 per cent, stable on 2022, continues to reflect robust funding and liquidity and the potential for growth.

The Group continued to access wholesale funding across a range of currencies and markets. Issuance volumes in the first half of 2023 totalled £9.4 billion (half-year to 30 June 2022: £3.5 billion), of which £5.1 billion at 30 June 2023 was issued by Lloyds Banking Group plc across senior unsecured, T2 and AT1 (30 June 2022: £3.2 billion). Total wholesale funding increased to £103.5 billion at 30 June 2023 (31 December 2022: £100.3 billion) as a result of short term funding which remains within Group risk appetite. The Group maintains its access to diverse sources and tenors of funding. The total outstanding amount of drawings from the Term Funding Scheme with additional incentives for SMEs (TFSME) has remained stable at £30.0 billion at 30 June 2023 (31 December 2022: £30.0 billion), with maturities in 2025, 2027 and beyond.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Capital

At 30 Jun
2023

At 30 Jun
2022

Change

At 31 Dec
2022

Change

CET1 ratio

14.2%

14.7%

(0.5)pp

15.1%

(0.9)pp

Pro forma CET1 ratio^A,1

14.2%

14.8%

(0.6)pp

14.1%

0.1pp

UK leverage ratio

5.7%

5.3%

0.4pp

5.6%

0.1pp

Risk-weighted assets

£215.3bn

£209.6bn

£210.9bn

Pro forma CET1 ratio as at 31 December 2022¹	14.1%
Banking build (including impairment charge) (bps)	135
Risk-weighted assets (bps)	(11)
Fixed pension deficit contributions (bps)	(30)
Other movements (bps)	17
Capital generation (bps)	111
CRD IV and transitional headwinds (bps)²	(36)
Capital generation (post CRD IV and transitional headwinds) (bps)	75
Tusker acquisition (bps)³	(21)
Ordinary dividend accrual (bps)	(44)
CET1 ratio as at 30 June 2023	14.2%

¹ 31 December 2022 reflects the interim ordinary dividend received from the Insurance business in February 2023 and the full impact of the announced share buyback, but excludes the impact of the phased unwind of IFRS 9 relief on 1 January 2023.

² Phased unwind of IFRS 9 relief and an adjustment for the anticipated impact of CRD IV models.

³ Subject to the finalisation of the fair value of the individual assets and liabilities acquired including the associated identifiable intangible assets and goodwill.

The Group's CET1 capital ratio at 30 June 2023 was 14.2 per cent (31 December 2022: 14.1 per cent pro forma). Capital generation during the first half of the year was 111 basis points (59 basis points in the second quarter), primarily reflecting strong banking build, partially offset by risk-weighted asset increases (before CRD IV model changes) and the accelerated full year payment (£800 million) of fixed pension deficit contributions made to the Group's three main defined benefit pension schemes. The impact of CRD IV and transitional headwinds of 36 basis points reflects an adjustment for the anticipated impact of CRD IV models, which are not yet finalised. It also reflects the end of IFRS 9 static transitional relief and the reduction in the transitional factor applied to IFRS 9 dynamic relief. Capital generation after the impact of these headwinds was 75 basis points. In addition, the Group has accrued a foreseeable ordinary dividend equating to 44 basis points, inclusive of the announced interim ordinary dividend of 0.92 pence per share. The acquisition of Tusker has utilised 21 basis points of capital.

The Group continues to expect 2023 capital generation to be c.175 basis points.

Risk-weighted assets have increased by £4 billion during the first half of the year to £215 billion at 30 June 2023 (31 December 2022: £211 billion). This largely reflects an adjustment for the anticipated impact of CRD IV models taken in the second quarter. Excluding this, lending growth, a small uplift from model calibration and other increases were partly offset by capital efficient securitisation and other optimisation activity, in addition to a reduction in threshold risk-weighted assets. The CRD IV model updates reflect an updated impact assessment following a further iteration of model development. The models remain subject to further development and final approval by the PRA. On that basis final impacts remain uncertain and further increases could be required. The Group's risk-weighted assets guidance remains unchanged at between £220 billion and £225 billion at the end of 2024.

The current sum of the Group's regulatory CET1 capital requirement and capital buffers remains at around 11 per cent. This is expected to increase to around 12 per cent in July 2023 due to the increase in the UK countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) rate to 2 per cent (from 1 per cent), which will increase the Group's CCyB rate to around 1.8 per cent (from 0.9 per cent) in total. The Board's view of the ongoing level of CET1 capital required to grow the business, meet current and future regulatory requirements and cover uncertainties continues to be around 12.5 per cent, plus a management buffer of around 1 per cent.

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS (continued)

Pensions

The triennial valuation as at 31 December 2022 for the Group's three main defined benefit pension schemes is in progress. The Group expects to have substantially agreed the valuation with the Trustee by the end of the third quarter of 2023, along with a revised contribution schedule in respect of any remaining deficit. Trustee agreement will be conditional upon prior feedback from the Pensions Regulator. The Group made a fixed contribution of £0.8 billion in the first half of 2023, consistent with 2022 and 2021. The Group has also discussed with the Trustee the likelihood that further variable contributions will not be necessary in 2023 and beyond, dependent upon the outcome of the valuation. The Group expects that future contributions will become increasingly contingent in nature, such that they are only paid into the schemes if required. This will be updated in future periods as discussions with the Trustee progress.

Dividend and share buyback

The Group has a progressive and sustainable ordinary dividend policy whilst maintaining the flexibility to return surplus capital through buybacks or special dividends.

The Board has announced an interim ordinary dividend of 0.92 pence per share, an increase of 15 per cent, in line with the Board's commitment to capital returns. The Board intends to pay down to its capital target within the course of the current plan, by the end of 2024.

In February this year, the Board approved an ordinary share buyback programme of up to £2 billion to return surplus capital in respect of 2022. This commenced in February 2023 and at 30 June 2023, the programme had completed £1.5 billion of the buyback, with c.3.3 billion ordinary shares purchased.

SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS - UNDERLYING BASIS^A

Half-year to 30 June 2023	Retail £m	Commercial Banking £m		Insurance, Pensions and Investments £m		Equity Investments and Central Items £m		Group £m

Underlying net interest income	5,064		1,934		(70)		76	7,004
Underlying other income	1,006		856		619		57	2,538
Operating lease depreciation	(351)		(5)		-		-	(356)
Net income	5,719		2,785		549		133	9,186
Operating costs	(2,607)		(1,253)		(451)		(102)	(4,413)
Remediation	(15)		(43)		(8)		(4)	(70)
Total costs	(2,622)		(1,296)		(459)		(106)	(4,483)
Underlying profit before impairment	3,097		1,489		90		27	4,703
Underlying impairment (charge) credit	(592)		(72)		1		1	(662)
Underlying profit	2,505		1,417		91		28	4,041

Banking net interest margin^A	2.89%		4.70%					3.18%
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£364.1bn		£87.8bn		-		£1.9bn	£453.8bn
Asset quality ratio^A	0.33%		0.16%					0.29%
Loans and advances to customers¹	£361.9bn		£92.1bn		-		(£3.3bn)	£450.7bn
Customer deposits	£305.9bn		£163.6bn		-		£0.3bn	£469.8bn
Risk-weighted assets	£114.8bn		£75.5bn		£0.2bn		£24.8bn	£215.3bn

Half-year to 30 June 2022	Retail² £m	Commercial Banking² £m		Insurance, Pensions and Investments^2,3 £m		Equity Investments and Central Items £m		Group £m

Underlying net interest income	4,628		1,520		(43)		30	6,135
Underlying other income	854		731		533		249	2,367
Operating lease depreciation	(202)		(11)		-		-	(213)
Net income	5,280		2,240		490		279	8,289
Operating costs	(2,477)		(1,189)		(431)		(74)	(4,171)
Remediation	(28)		(30)		(21)		-	(79)
Total costs	(2,505)		(1,219)		(452)		(74)	(4,250)
Underlying profit before impairment	2,775		1,021		38		205	4,039
Underlying impairment (charge) credit	(455)		(117)		(3)		198	(377)
Underlying profit	2,320		904		35		403	3,662

Banking net interest margin^A	2.65%		3.47%					2.77%
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£359.5bn		£90.1bn		-		-	£449.6bn
Asset quality ratio^A	0.26%		0.24%					0.17%
Loans and advances to customers¹	£361.1bn		£96.8bn		-		(£1.8bn)	£456.1bn
Customer deposits	£311.0bn		£166.7bn		-		£0.5bn	£478.2bn
Risk-weighted assets	£110.8bn		£74.6bn		£0.1bn		£24.1bn	£209.6bn

¹ Equity Investments and Central Items includes central fair value hedge accounting adjustments. 30 June 2022 included a £200 million ECL central adjustment that was not allocated to specific portfolios. In the third quarter of 2022 this central adjustment was released.

² The portfolios shown reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

³ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS - UNDERLYING BASIS^A (continued)

Half-year to 31 December 2022	Retail £m	Commercial Banking £m		Insurance, Pensions and Investments¹ £m		Equity Investments and Central Items £m		Group £m

Underlying net interest income	5,146		1,927		(58)		22	7,037
Underlying other income	877		834		427		161	2,299
Operating lease depreciation	(166)		6		-		-	(160)
Net income	5,857		2,767		369		183	9,176
Operating costs	(2,698)		(1,307)		(448)		(48)	(4,501)
Remediation	(64)		(103)		(9)		-	(176)
Total costs	(2,762)		(1,410)		(457)		(48)	(4,677)
Underlying profit before impairment	3,095		1,357		(88)		135	4,499
Underlying impairment (charge) credit	(918)		(400)		(9)		194	(1,133)
Underlying profit	2,177		957		(97)		329	3,366

Banking net interest margin^A	2.87%		4.37%					3.10%
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£364.3bn		£90.0bn		-		-	£454.3bn
Asset quality ratio^A	0.50%		0.79%					0.48%
Loans and advances to customers²	£364.2bn		£93.7bn		-		(£3.0bn)	£454.9bn
Customer deposits	£310.8bn		£163.8bn		-		£0.7bn	£475.3bn
Risk-weighted assets	£111.7bn		£74.3bn		£0.1bn		£24.8bn	£210.9bn

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

² Equity Investments and Central Items includes central fair value hedge accounting adjustments.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS

Retail

Retail offers a broad range of financial services products to personal customers, including current accounts, savings, mortgages, credit cards, unsecured loans, motor finance and leasing solutions. Its aim is to build deep and enduring relationships that meet more of its customers' financial needs and improve their financial resilience throughout their lifetime, with personalised products and services. Retail operates the largest digital bank and branch network in the UK and continues to improve service levels and reduce conduct risk, whilst working within a prudent risk appetite. Through strategic investment, alongside increased use of data, Retail will deepen existing consumer relationships and broaden its intermediary offering, to improve customer experience, operational efficiency and increasingly tailored propositions.

Strategic progress

• UK's largest digital bank with 20.6 million digitally active users, 17.7 million via the mobile app. Now also offers car leasing directly to customers via the mobile app. Invested in identity verification specialist Yoti to support the development of a new, digital identity proposition to help combat the growing risks of identity fraud

• Proactively contacted customers to offer support due to the rising cost of living, including mortgage customers on standard variable rates who may benefit from a product transfer¹. Product transfers may now be booked up to 6 months in advance², offering customers earlier certainty on their future payments

• 7.3 million customers have registered for 'Your Credit Score', the Group's credit checking tool, up 1.8 million this year; in addition, 1.2 million visits to the Home Ecosystem hub, which now provides customers with cost of living support

• Supported mass affluent customers by introducing tiered savings pricing, greater flexibility in mortgage lending criteria and a discount on certain packaged bank accounts. Developed 'Your Money', a digital hub enabling mass affluent customers to view their complete financial life with the Group, providing a platform for personalised propositions

• Launched a new pre-eligibility tool in partnership with Zoopla, providing home buyers with earlier certainty on their potential mortgage borrowing; automated eligibility checks incorporated earlier in the MBNA Loans customer journey resulting in 97 per cent of applicants now being pre-approved

• Limited withdrawal savings products allow customers to retain some flexibility in how they access their savings, whilst offering higher rates in comparison to instant access products. Continue to launch competitive rated fixed products

• On track to meet 2024 sustainability targets, including £5.6 billion of green mortgage lending³ and £3.6 billion financing and leasing for battery electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles³. Launched sustainability hub and training modules for mortgage brokers to promote housing market sustainability

Financial performance

• Underlying net interest income 9 per cent higher, driven by the impact of the rising rate environment and higher unsecured lending balances, partly offset by mortgage and unsecured lending margin compression

• Underlying other income up 18 per cent, driven by increased current account and credit card activity, improved Lex performance and the impact of the acquisition of Tusker

• Operating lease depreciation charge up 74 per cent due to the depreciation cost of higher value vehicles, the Tusker acquisition, lower gains on disposal and recent declines in battery electric used car prices

• Operating costs 5 per cent higher, reflecting higher planned strategic investment costs, costs associated with Tusker and inflationary effects, partly offset by the continued benefit from efficiency initiatives

• Underlying impairment charge £592 million. Slight increase in observed UK mortgage new to arrears and flows to default levels, primarily from legacy variable rate balances, whilst unsecured performance remained broadly stable. Updated economic scenarios drive a £41 million charge largely due to a higher UK Bank Rate outlook

• Customer lending decreased 1 per cent; largely as a result of the £2.5 billion legacy UK mortgage loan exit (£2.1 billion within the closed book). Excluding this, lending was stable with growth in credit cards, loans and motor offset by a £1.3 billion net reduction in the open mortgage book

• Customer deposits decreased 2 per cent, reflecting tax payments in the first quarter, higher spend and a more competitive market, including the Group's own savings offers where balances increased by £3.5 billion

• Risk-weighted assets up 3 per cent in the period, due to higher unsecured lending balances and an adjustment for the anticipated impact of CRD IV models, partly offset by continued optimisation activity and a divisional operational risk allocation methodology change (Group figure unaffected)

¹ Product transfers available for residential customers in arrears (Halifax, Lloyds Bank and the majority of Bank of Scotland customers).

² Advanced product transfers available to Halifax and Lloyds Bank customers.

³ Since 1 January 2022, new residential mortgage lending on property with an Energy Performance Certificate rating of B or higher at 31 March 2023; and new lending advances for Black Horse and operating leases for Lex Autolease at 30 June 2023.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Retail (continued)

Retail performance summary

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Underlying net interest income	5,064	4,628	9	5,146	(2)
Underlying other income	1,006	854	18	877	15
Operating lease depreciation	(351)	(202)	(74)	(166)
Net income	5,719	5,280	8	5,857	(2)
Operating costs	(2,607)	(2,477)	(5)	(2,698)	3
Remediation	(15)	(28)	46	(64)	77
Total costs	(2,622)	(2,505)	(5)	(2,762)	5
Underlying profit before impairment	3,097	2,775	12	3,095
Underlying impairment charge	(592)	(455)	(30)	(918)	36
Underlying profit	2,505	2,320	8	2,177	15

Banking net interest margin^A	2.89%	2.65%	24bp	2.87%	2bp
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£364.1bn	£359.5bn	1	£364.3bn
Asset quality ratio^A	0.33%	0.26%	7bp	0.50%	(17)bp

	At 30 Jun 2023 £bn	At 30 Jun 2022¹ £bn	Change %	At 31 Dec 2022 £bn	Change %

Open mortgage book	297.9	296.6		299.6	(1)
Closed mortgage book	8.5	13.1	(35)	11.6	(27)
Credit cards	14.9	14.2	5	14.3	4
UK unsecured loans	9.3	8.5	9	8.7	7
UK Motor Finance	14.9	14.2	5	14.3	4
Overdrafts	1.0	1.0		1.0
Wealth	0.9	1.0	(10)	0.9
Other²	14.5	12.5	16	13.8	5
Loans and advances to customers	361.9	361.1		364.2	(1)
Operating lease assets	5.9	4.3	37	4.8	23
Total customer assets	367.8	365.4	1	369.0

Current accounts	107.8	113.4	(5)	114.0	(5)
Relationship savings	169.4	165.8	2	166.3	2
Tactical savings	16.5	16.9	(2)	16.1	2
Wealth	12.2	14.9	(18)	14.4	(15)
Customer deposits	305.9	311.0	(2)	310.8	(2)

Risk-weighted assets	114.8	110.8	4	111.7	3

¹ The portfolios shown reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

² Primarily Europe.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Commercial Banking

Commercial Banking serves small and medium businesses as well as corporate and institutional clients, providing lending, transactional banking, working capital management, debt financing and risk management services. Through investment in digital capability and product development, Commercial Banking will deliver an enhanced customer experience via a digital first business model and expanded client propositions, generating diversified capital efficient growth and supporting customers in their transition to net zero.

Strategic progress

• Launched new mobile first onboarding journey for sole traders, transforming the customer experience and increasing levels of automation with account opening times for customers improving by up to 15 times

• Continue to enhance digital servicing capabilities, including moving more than 100,000 accounts to paperless statements, driving an annual reduction of 1 million letters

• On track to achieve full year target of 20 per cent growth in new merchant services clients, supported by a new point-of-sale card payments solution to micro businesses enabling clients to transact more quickly

• Strong performance in Markets, including ending the half in the top three for sterling issuance¹; continue to invest in foreign exchange proposition including capabilities on FXall and Bloomberg platforms, deepening foreign exchange percentage share of wallet

• Award winning² trade finance business announced new partnership with Enigio AB to expand and promote the use of digital documentation via blockchain technology

• Offering clients data-driven insights including via a digital self-serve portal for Lloyds Bank Market Intelligence; a catalyst in driving clients' strategic growth through the Group's data and technology

• Enhancing cash management embedded payments proposition, including the launch of Lloyds Bank 'PayMe'

• Strong progress towards achieving Corporate and Institutional commitment of £15 billion green and sustainable financing by the end of 2024, delivering c.£11 billion³ up to 30 June 2023

• Continued multi-year programme to support Black entrepreneurs; launching a regionally-focused programme in Birmingham and partnering with Channel 4 television to launch national 'Black in Business' initiative

• Launched a resilience hub in partnership with Mental Health UK, supporting small business leaders and owners across the UK through provision of resources and therapeutic coaching sessions

Financial performance

• Underlying net interest income increased 27 per cent to £1,934 million, driven by a stronger banking net interest margin reflecting the higher rate environment and strong portfolio management

• Underlying other income of £856 million, up 17 per cent on the prior year, reflecting improved trading and strong bond financing performance

• Operating costs 5 per cent higher, due to higher planned strategic investment costs and inflationary effects, partly offset by the continued benefit from efficiency initiatives. Remediation charges low at £43 million

• Underlying impairment charge of £72 million driven by Stage 3 charges, primarily on existing clients in default. Portfolio's credit quality remains resilient with very modest signs of deterioration

• Customer lending 2 per cent lower at £92.1 billion due to attractive growth opportunities in Corporate and Institutional Banking offset by net repayments within Small and Medium Businesses including government-backed lending and foreign exchange movements

• Customer deposits stable at £163.6 billion, reflecting targeted growth in high quality balances in Corporate and Institutional Banking offset by a reduction in Small and Medium Businesses due to cost of living pressures. Customer deposits reduced in the second quarter, including stable Small and Medium Businesses balances and the expected reversal of short term placements in Corporate and Institutional Banking

• Risk-weighted assets increased 2 per cent to £75.5 billion, driven by a divisional operational risk allocation methodology change (Group figure unaffected) and balance sheet growth, partly offset by continued optimisation activity

¹ Refinitiv Eikon - All International Bonds in GBP, excluding Sovereign, Supranational and Agency.

² Best Trade Finance Bank in the UK at the 2023 Global Trade Review Leaders in Trade awards.

³ Includes the clean growth finance initiative, Commercial Real Estate green lending, renewable energy financing, sustainability linked loans and green and social bond facilitation.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Commercial Banking (continued)

Commercial Banking performance summary^A

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m	Change %

Underlying net interest income	1,934	1,520	27	1,927
Underlying other income	856	731	17	834	3
Operating lease depreciation	(5)	(11)	55	6
Net income	2,785	2,240	24	2,767	1
Operating costs	(1,253)	(1,189)	(5)	(1,307)	4
Remediation	(43)	(30)	(43)	(103)	58
Total costs	(1,296)	(1,219)	(6)	(1,410)	8
Underlying profit before impairment	1,489	1,021	46	1,357	10
Underlying impairment charge	(72)	(117)	38	(400)	82
Underlying profit	1,417	904	57	957	48

Banking net interest margin^A	4.70%	3.47%	123bp	4.37%	33bp
Average interest-earning banking assets^A	£87.8bn	£90.1bn	(3)	£90.0bn	(2)
Asset quality ratio^A	0.16%	0.24%	(8)bp	0.79%	(63)bp

	At 30 Jun 2023 £bn	At 30 Jun 2022¹ £bn	Change %	At 31 Dec 2022 £bn	Change %

Small and Medium Businesses	35.5	41.1	(14)	37.7	(6)
Corporate and Institutional Banking	56.6	55.7	2	56.0	1
Loans and advances to customers	92.1	96.8	(5)	93.7	(2)

Customer deposits	163.6	166.7	(2)	163.8

Risk-weighted assets	75.5	74.6	1	74.3	2

¹ The portfolios shown reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Insurance, Pensions and Investments

Insurance, Pensions and Investments supports over 10 million customers with Assets under Administration (AuA) of £203 billion (excluding Wealth) and annualised annuity payments of over £1.1 billion. The Group continues to invest significantly in the development of the business. This includes the investment propositions to support the Group's mass affluent strategy, innovating intermediary propositions through the Embark and Cavendish Online acquisitions and accelerating the transition to a low carbon economy.

Strategic progress

• Net AuA flows of £3.7 billion reflect good growth across unit linked and investment propositions contributing to an increased stock of future profit. Open book AuA of £154 billion (5 per cent growth)

• Launched simple non-advised Ready Made Investments through Embark in February 2023, helping around 5,000 customers start their investment journey, almost half of those younger than 35, supporting strategic AuA growth and mass affluent objectives. Stockbroking income more than doubled compared to the prior year

• Announced the imminent launch of the Scottish Widows Retail Intermediary Investment Platform, broadening reach and enhancing proposition across the Intermediary market with leading platform technology and adviser support model

• Workplace pensions business saw a 19 per cent annual increase in regular contributions to pensions administered, with £3 billion net AuA flows in the period

• Grew general insurance market share following launch of MBNA product with new policies up over 40 per cent and overall share of flows up 3 per cent¹. Digitisation improvements continue to transform customer experience

• c.£20 billion invested in climate-aware investment strategies² through Scottish Widows, meeting the target of between £20 billion and £25 billion invested by 2025, with £3 billion invested in the period in line with the Climate Action Plan

• Continued progress in our protection offering, integrating Cavendish Online and protecting over 10,000 families through the Group's direct channels this year

• Doubled the number of open market customers securing an annuity during the first half of 2023 (compared to the second half of 2022), supported by investing in operational capacity and improving process efficiencies in the context of an improving market

Financial performance

• Underlying other income increased by £86 million, driven by balance sheet growth from both new business and the impact of adding a drawdown feature in 2022 to existing longstanding and workplace pension business, resulting in higher contractual service margin and risk adjustment releases to income

• Underlying other income was 9 per cent higher in the second quarter versus the first, as a result of improved general insurance net income, with lower claims and benign weather

• Operating costs 5 per cent higher reflecting higher planned strategic investment costs and inflationary effects

• Grew contractual service margin (deferred profits) by £85 million in the half (before release to income), including £56 million from new business which reflects strong value generation in our workplace pensions and annuities businesses. Balance of deferred profits c.£4 billion at 30 June 2023

• Life and pensions sales (PVNBP) increased by 1 per cent despite higher discounting applied in the current year, driven by strong performance in workplace pensions and individual annuities

• Estimated Insurance Solvency II ratio of 155 per cent, after dividend of £100 million in respect of 2022 paid to Lloyds Banking Group plc in February 2023

• Credit asset portfolio remains strong, rated 'A -' on average, well diversified, with less than 1 per cent of assets backing annuities being sub investment grade or unrated. Strong liquidity position with c.£3 billion cash and cash like assets

¹ Annual increase for five months to 31 May 2023.

² Includes a range of funds with a bias towards investing in companies that are adapting their businesses to be less carbon-intensive or are developing climate solutions.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Insurance, Pensions and Investments (continued)

Insurance, Pensions and Investments performance summary^A

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022^1,2 £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m	Change %

Underlying net interest income	(70)	(43)	(63)	(58)	(21)
Underlying other income	619	533	16	427	45
Net income	549	490	12	369	49
Operating costs	(451)	(431)	(5)	(448)	(1)
Remediation	(8)	(21)	62	(9)	11
Total costs	(459)	(452)	(2)	(457)
Underlying profit before impairment	90	38		(88)
Underlying impairment credit (charge)	1	(3)		(9)
Underlying profit	91	35		(97)

Life and pensions sales (PVNBP)³	8,956	8,855	1	10,136	(12)
New business value^A,4
Of which deferred to CSM and Risk Adjustment	98	65	51	67	46
Of which charged to income statement	(9)	(17)	(47)	(16)	(44)
	89	48	85	51	75
Assets under administration (net flows)⁵	£3.7bn	£4.2bn	(12)	£4.2bn	(12)
General insurance underwritten new gross written premiums	42	26	62	29	45
General insurance underwritten total gross written premiums	258	240	8	246	5
General insurance combined ratio⁶	99%	99%		129%	(30)pp

	At 30 Jun 2023 £bn	At 30 Jun 2022 £bn	Change %	At 31 Dec 2022 £bn	At	Change %

Insurance Solvency II ratio (pre-dividend)⁷	155%	172%	(17)pp	163%		(8)pp
Total customer assets under administration	203.1	196.1	4	197.3		3

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

² The portfolios shown reflect the new organisation structure; comparatives have been presented on a consistent basis. See page 123.

³ Present value of new business premiums.

⁴ New business value represents the value added to the CSM and risk adjustment at the initial recognition of new contracts, net of acquisition expenses and any loss component on onerous contracts (which is recognised directly in the income statement) but does not include existing business increments.

⁵ The movement in asset inflows and outflows driven by business activity (excluding market movements).

⁶ General insurance combined ratio for the half-year to 30 June 2023 includes £18 million relating to event weather claims (storm, subsidence and freeze). Excluding these items and reserve releases the ratio was 98 per cent.

⁷ Equivalent estimated regulatory view of ratio (including With Profits funds and post dividend where applicable) was 150 per cent (31 December 2022: 152 per cent, post February 2023 dividend).

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Insurance, Pensions and Investments (continued)

Movement in the contractual service margin (CSM) and risk adjustment

	Half-year to 30 June 2023				Half-year to 30 June 2022				Change
	CSM £m	Risk adjustment £m		Total¹ £m	CSM £m	Risk adjustment £m		Total¹ £m	Total £m

At start of period	3,999		1,109	5,108	1,927		1,492	3,419	1,689
New business written in year
of which: workplace	20		16	36	5		23	28	8
of which: individual and bulk annuities	43		24	67	17		23	40	27
of which: protection	(7)		2	(5)	(5)		2	(3)	(2)
	56		42	98	17		48	65	33
Release to income statement	(152)		(38)	(190)	(93)		(49)	(142)	(48)
Other²	29		17	46	654		(238)	416	(370)
At end of period	3,932		1,130	5,062	2,505		1,253	3,758	1,304

¹ Total deferred profit is represented by contractual service margin (CSM) and risk adjustment, both held on the balance sheet. CSM is released as insurance contract services are provided; risk adjustment is released as uncertainty within the calculation of the liabilities diminishes.

² For half-year to 30 June 2022, Other included £254 million relating to increases in the CSM arising on the contracts that were modified and recognised as new contracts during the period. A further £1,077 million increase to CSM was recognised in the half-year to 31 December 2022. This is not included in new business value.

Volatility arising in the insurance business

Volatility included in the Group's statutory results before tax comprises the following:

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022 £m¹	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022 £m¹

Insurance volatility	24	(488)	(334)
Policyholder interests volatility	29	(177)	(28)
Total volatility	53	(665)	(362)
Insurance hedging arrangements	(235)	436	(85)
Total	(182)	(229)	(447)

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

The Group's insurance business has policyholder liabilities that are supported by substantial holdings of investments. IFRS requires that the changes in both the value of the liabilities and the investments are reflected within the income statement. The value of the liabilities does not move exactly in line with changes in the value of the investments. As the investments are substantial, movements in their value can have a significant impact on the profitability of the Group. Management believes that it is appropriate to disclose the division's results on the basis of an expected return. The impact of the actual return on these investments differing from the expected return is included within insurance volatility. Insurance volatility on business accounted for under the Variable Fee Approach (largely unit-linked pensions business) is deferred to the CSM, other than where the risk mitigation option is applied.

Insurance volatility movements during the first half of 2023 were largely driven by increases in interest rates, partially offset on a pre-hedge basis by increases to equity market levels and inflation. Application of the risk mitigation option and equity hedging arrangements drive an overall market volatility loss.

The Group manages its Insurance business exposures to equity, interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, inflation and market movements within the Insurance division. It does so by balancing the importance of managing the impacts on both capital and earnings volatility.

DIVISIONAL RESULTS (continued)

Equity Investments and Central Items

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023 £m	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹ £m	Change %	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹ £m	Change %

Net income	133	279	(52)	183	(27)
Total costs	(106)	(74)	(43)	(48)
Underlying profit before impairment	27	205	(87)	135	(80)
Underlying impairment credit	1	198	99	194	99
Underlying profit	28	403	(93)	329	(91)

¹ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

Equity Investments and Central Items contains the Group's equity investments businesses, including Lloyds Development Capital (LDC) and the Group's share of the Business Growth Fund (BGF), as well as Citra Living. Also included are income and expenses not attributed to other divisions, including residual underlying net interest income after transfer pricing (which includes the central recovery of the Group's distributions on other equity instruments), in period gains from gilt sales and the unwind of associated hedging costs.

Net income decreased compared to the first half of 2022, due to lower income from the Group's equity investments businesses from subdued market conditions and higher funding costs, lower gains from gilt sales and the net impact of intra-group transfer pricing as rates increased. The Group's equity investment businesses contributed £182 million compared to £221 million in the first half of 2022 and £198 million in the second half of 2022. LDC continues to deliver strong investment performance and to build its investment portfolio with attractive returns and opportunities. Total costs of £106 million in the first half of 2023 were 43 per cent higher than the first half of 2022, in part due to the costs of new businesses in equity investments.

Underlying impairment was a £1 million release compared to a £198 million release in the first half of 2022, relating to the release of part of the ECL central adjustment held at the end of 2021 (30 June 2022: £200 million), with the remaining £200 million released in the second half of 2022. This adjustment was not allocated to specific portfolios and was applied in respect of uncertainty in the economic outlook, relating to the risks of COVID-19.

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

The statutory results are supplemented with those presented on an underlying basis and also with other alternative performance measures. This is to enable a comprehensive understanding of the Group and facilitate comparison with peers. The Group Executive Committee, which is the 'chief operating decision maker' (as defined by IFRS 8 Operating segments) for the Group, reviews the Group's results on an underlying basis in order to assess performance and allocate resources. Management uses underlying profit before tax, an alternative performance measure, as a measure of performance and believes that it provides important information for investors. This is because it allows for a comparable representation of the Group's performance by removing the impact of items such as volatility caused by market movements outside the control of management.

In arriving at underlying profit, statutory profit before tax is adjusted for the items below, to allow a comparison of the Group's underlying performance:

• Restructuring costs relating to merger, acquisition and integration activities

• Volatility and other items, which includes the effects of certain asset sales, the volatility relating to the Group's hedging arrangements and that arising in the insurance business, the unwind of acquisition-related fair value adjustments and the amortisation of purchased intangible assets

• Losses from insurance and participating investment contract modifications relating to the enhancement to the Group's longstanding and workplace pension business through the addition of a drawdown feature

The analysis of lending and expected credit loss (ECL) allowances is presented on both a statutory and an underlying basis and a reconciliation between the two is shown on page 43. On a statutory basis, purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI) assets include a fixed pool of mortgages that were purchased as part of the HBOS acquisition at a deep discount to face value reflecting credit losses incurred from the point of origination to the date of acquisition. Over time, these POCI assets will run off as the loans redeem, pay down or losses crystallise. The underlying basis assumes that the lending assets acquired as part of a business combination were originated by the Group and are classified as either Stage 1, 2 or 3 according to the change in credit risk over the period since origination. Underlying ECL allowances have been calculated accordingly. The Group uses the underlying basis to monitor the creditworthiness of the lending portfolio and related ECL allowances.

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES (continued)

The Group calculates a number of metrics that are used throughout the banking and insurance industries on an underlying basis. These metrics are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies and are not any more authoritative than measures presented in the financial statements, however management believes that they are useful in assessing the performance of the Group and in drawing comparisons between years. A description of these measures and their calculation, is given below. Alternative performance measures are used internally in the Group's Monthly Management Report.


	Asset quality ratio			The underlying impairment charge or credit for the period in respect of loans and advances to customers, both drawn and undrawn, expressed as a percentage of average gross loans and advances to customers for the period. This measure is useful in assessing the credit quality of the loan book


	Banking net interest margin			Banking net interest income on customer and product balances in the banking businesses as a percentage of average gross interest-earning banking assets for the period. This measure is useful in assessing the profitability of the banking business


	Business-as-usual costs			Total operating costs less strategic investment and new businesses, including Embark and Citra Living


	Cost:income ratio			Total costs as a percentage of net income calculated on an underlying basis. This measure is useful in assessing the profitability of the Group's operations before the effects of the underlying impairment credit or charge


	Loan to deposit ratio			Loans and advances to customers divided by customer deposits


	Operating costs			Operating expenses adjusted to remove the impact of remediation, restructuring costs, operating lease depreciation, the amortisation of purchased intangibles, the insurance gross up and other statutory items


	Pro forma CET1 ratio			CET1 ratio adjusted for the effects of the dividend paid up by the Insurance business in the subsequent quarter period and the impact of the announced ordinary share buyback programme. December 2022 pro forma CET1 ratios include the impact of the share buyback programme in respect of 2022, announced in February 2023


	Return on tangible equity			Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders, divided by average tangible net assets. This measure is useful in providing a consistent basis with which to measure the Group's performance


	Tangible net assets per share			Net assets excluding intangible assets such as goodwill and acquisition-related intangibles divided by the number of ordinary shares in issue. This measure is useful in assessing shareholder value


	Underlying profit before impairment			Underlying profit adjusted to remove the underlying impairment credit or charge. This measure is useful in allowing for a comparable representation of the Group's performance before the effects of the forward-looking underlying impairment credit or charge


	Underlying profit			Statutory profit before tax adjusted for certain items as detailed above. This measure allows for a comparable representation of the Group's performance by removing the impact of certain items including volatility caused by market movements outside the control of management

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES (continued)

Statutory basis		Removal of:		Underlying basis^A
	£m	Volatility and other items^1,2,3 £m	Insurance gross up⁴ £m	£m

Half-year to 30 June 2023
Net interest income	6,798	213	(7)	7,004	Underlying net interest income
Other income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	2,508	(109)	139	2,538	Underlying other income
		(356)	-	(356)	Operating lease depreciation
Total income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	9,306	(252)	132	9,186	Net income
Operating expenses⁵	(4,774)	423	(132)	(4,483)	Total costs⁵
Impairment charge	(662)	-	-	(662)	Underlying impairment charge
Profit before tax	3,870	171	-	4,041	Underlying profit

Half-year to 30 June 2022⁶
Net interest income	6,037	74	24	6,135	Underlying net interest income
Other income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	1,911	351	105	2,367	Underlying other income
		(213)	-	(213)	Operating lease depreciation
Total income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	7,948	212	129	8,289	Net income
Operating expenses⁵	(4,418)	297	(129)	(4,250)	Total costs⁵
Impairment credit	(381)	4	-	(377)	Underlying impairment credit
Profit before tax	3,149	513	-	3,662	Underlying profit

Half-year to 31 December 2022⁶
Net interest income	6,885	152	-	7,037	Underlying net interest income
Other income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	708	1,495	96	2,299	Underlying other income
		(160)	-	(160)	Operating lease depreciation
Total income, net of net finance income in respect of insurance and investment contracts	7,593	1,487	96	9,176	Net income
Operating expenses⁵	(4,819)	238	(96)	(4,677)	Total costs⁵
Impairment credit	(1,141)	8	-	(1,133)	Underlying impairment credit
Profit before tax	1,633	1,733	-	3,366	Underlying profit

¹ In the half-year ended 30 June 2023 this comprised the effects of market volatility and asset sales (loss of £63 million); the amortisation of purchased intangibles (loss of £35 million); restructuring costs (loss of £25 million); and fair value unwind (loss of £48 million).

² In the half-year ended 30 June 2022 this comprised the effects of market volatility and asset sales (loss of £359 million); the amortisation of purchased intangibles (loss of £35 million); restructuring costs (loss of £47 million); and fair value unwind (loss of £72 million).

³ In the half-year ended 31 December 2022, this comprised the effects of market volatility and asset sales (loss of £1,619 million) the amortisation of purchased intangibles (loss of £35 million); restructuring costs (loss of £33 million); and fair value unwind (loss of £46 million).

⁴ The Group's insurance businesses' income statements include income and expense attributable to the policyholders of the Group's long-term assurance funds. These items have no impact in total upon profit attributable to equity shareholders and, to provide a clearer representation of the underlying trends within the business, these items are shown net within the underlying results.

⁵ Statutory operating expenses includes operating lease depreciation. On an underlying basis operating lease depreciation is included in net income.

⁶ 2022 comparatives have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRS 17. See page 123.

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES (continued)

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2023	Half-year to 30 Jun 2022¹	Half-year to 31 Dec 2022¹

Asset quality ratio^A
Underlying impairment (charge) credit (£m)	(662)	(377)	(1,133)
Remove non-customer underlying impairment (£m)	(5)	3	24
Underlying customer related impairment (charge) credit (£m)	(667)	(374)	(1,109)