Second quarter production results

Summary by AI ^BETAClose X

Rio Tinto reported a 3% year-on-year increase in copper equivalent production for the first half of 2026, driven by a 31% growth in copper production at Oyu Tolgoi. Iron ore production in the Pilbara reached its highest first-half level since 2018, with Q2 global iron ore sales up 5% year-on-year to 89 million tonnes. Aluminium operations maintained strong performance, and lithium production saw a 20% year-on-year increase in Q2, with first production achieved ahead of schedule at Sal de Vida and Fénix 1B. The company also reduced its copper C1 net unit cost guidance to US 30-50 cents per pound.

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Rio Tinto PLC

15 July 2026

Rio Tinto releases second quarter 2026 production results

15 July 2026

Driving performance to achieve 3% YoY CuEq¹ growth in the first half

Rio Tinto Chief Executive Simon Trott said: "We are delivering growth as we drive performance across the group, with copper equivalent production up 3 per cent in the first half.

"Our scale, geographical diversification and sophisticated supply chains continue to underpin our resilience and strong operational performance despite ongoing geopolitical uncertainty throughout the period.

"In the Pilbara, we achieved our highest first half iron ore production since we set a record in 2018, through the successful implementation of our ongoing productivity improvement program. In copper, Oyu Tolgoi continued to ramp up on schedule to deliver more than 30 per cent growth for the first half, while our integrated, large-scale aluminium business sustained its strong performance.

"At Simandou, we continue to advance at pace. SimFer mine construction and port infrastructure are both now more than three quarters complete, with full rail commissioning achieved in the first quarter. We are progressing our next generation of copper growth options at Resolution and Winu, while in lithium we achieved first production ahead of plan at Sal de Vida and Fénix 1B.

"We are driving a step-change in operational performance to deliver industry leading returns and growth for our shareholders."

1. Executive Summary

• Operational excellence: 3% YoY increase in copper equivalent (CuEq)¹ production for the first half.

• Copper: Oyu Tolgoi ramp-up remains on track; H1 production delivered 31% YoY growth. Copper C1 net unit cost guidance has been reduced to US 30 - 50c/lb (from US 65 - 75c/lb).

• Iron ore: Q2 global iron ore sales were 89Mt, up 5% YoY. Q2 Pilbara sales up 7% YoY. SimFer mine construction and port infrastructure now both over three quarters complete.

• Aluminium: Resilience across the supply chain, with a strong recovery in bauxite.

• Lithium: Production rose 20% YoY in Q2 driven by the ramp-up at Rincon starter plant and delivery of first tonnes at Sal de Vida and Fénix 1B, ahead of plan.

Production and sales²		Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs H1 2025	2026 guidance¹⁰	Guidance status
Copper production (consolidated basis)	kt	213	-7 %	-7 %	442	+1 %	800 - 870	Unchanged
Global iron ore production³ (100% basis)	Mt⁹	87.1	-1 %	+5 %	169.9	+5 %	NA	NA
Pilbara iron ore production (100% basis)	Mt⁹	83.5	0 %	+6 %	162.3	+6 %	NA	NA
Global iron ore sales⁴ (100% basis)	Mt⁹	88.8	+5 %	+17 %	164.5	+4 %	343 - 366	Unchanged
Pilbara iron ore sales⁵ (100% basis)	Mt⁹	85.3	+7 %	+18 %	157.7	+5 %	323 - 338	Unchanged
Bauxite production	Mt	15.2	-3 %	+14 %	28.5	-7 %	58 - 61	Unchanged
Alumina production⁶	Mt	2.0	+10 %	-2 %	4.0	+8 %	7.6 - 8.0	Unchanged
Aluminium production⁷	Mt	0.84	0 %	+1 %	1.68	0 %	3.25 - 3.45	Unchanged
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) production⁸	kt	14.6	+20 %	+15 %	27.3	+53 %	61 - 64	Unchanged

¹ Copper equivalent (CuEq) volume = Rio Tinto's share of production volume / Volume conversion factor x Product price ($/t) / Copper price ($/t). Prices are based on long-term consensus prices. ² Rio Tinto share unless otherwise stated. ³ Iron Ore production for Pilbara operations and Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) refers to saleable production (after crushing, screening and beneficiation). For Simandou, it represents ore ready for train loading at the SimFer mine gate: final (tertiary) crushing of Simandou ore takes place in China. ⁴ Includes all shipments from Pilbara and IOC, including those to our Portside trading business; excludes shipments from our Portside trading business. It also includes Simandou sales, where there is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales for railing, shipping to China and tertiary crushing. 2026 sales guidance (100% basis) is 5-10 Mt for Simandou and 15-18 Mt for IOC. ⁵ Pilbara iron ore guidance remains subject to the timing of approvals for planned mining areas and heritage clearances. ⁶ QAL production now included on a 100% basis. ⁷ Includes primary aluminium only. ⁸ H1 2025 represents production since March following completion of the Arcadium acquisition. Q1 2025 LCE production was 5.6kt (6.5kt on a 100% basis); LCE shipments were 3.8kt (5.0kt on a 100% basis). ⁹ Wet metric tonnes. ¹⁰ See further notes in Section 2, 2026 guidance.

2. Guidance

Production/sales guidance is unchanged¹.

Unit cost guidance:

Pilbara iron ore unit cash costs unchanged.

• Note: Diesel prices increased from ~$85/bbl to ~$140/bbl during H1, resulting in a ~$0.8/t YoY increase in unit costs in H1. A US$10/bbl increase in diesel price is estimated to impact full year Pilbara unit costs by ~$0.15/t².

Copper C1 net unit costs reduced

• Guidance range reduced to US 30 - 50c/lb (from US 65 - 75c/lb) due to higher than expected gold prices and productivity improvements.

	2026 Guidance
Pilbara iron ore unit cash costs, free on board (FOB) basis - US$ per wet metric tonne	23.5 - 25.0³
Copper C1 net unit costs (Kennecott, Oyu Tolgoi and Escondida) - US cents per lb	30 - 50⁴

¹ Guidance remains subject to weather impacts.

² There will be timing differences between market rates and realised diesel prices due to contractual arrangements.

³ Subject to the impact of higher diesel prices and foreign exchange. Based on Australian dollar exchange rate of 0.67.

⁴ Gold price assumption is $4,026/oz (spot price as at 30 June 2026).

3. Group update

Expenditure on exploration and evaluation

• Year to date pre-tax and pre-divestment expenditure on exploration and evaluation charged to the Income Statement was $480 million compared with $334 million in 2025. Approximately 57% of the spend was by the Copper product group, 25% by central exploration and other operations and 18% by the Iron Ore product group.

• Copper accounts for the majority of total expenditure on exploration and evaluation.

Group financial update

• In February 2026, Oyu Tolgoi LLC received tax assessments amounting to MNT 1.6 trillion ($443 million) in primary tax, interest and penalties from the Mongolian Tax Authority, pertaining to tax audits covering the financial years 2021 and 2022. As required by Mongolian tax law, Oyu Tolgoi paid this amount in full in March 2026 reserving its rights to dispute the payment. These assessments are inconsistent with the Oyu Tolgoi Investment Agreement and applicable Mongolian legislation, and we are taking relevant steps including engaging in discussions with the Government of Mongolia to resolve this matter¹.

• In H1 2026, in addition to the $443 million tax payment described above, we saw a cash outflow of ~$1.2 billion from an increase in working capital. Drivers include higher inventories, primarily in iron ore, following the impact of cyclones in Q1 on Pilbara port capacity and the ramp-up of Simandou, together with normal seasonal movements in amounts due to JV partners and employees.

• We have refined our definition of free cash flow to include Rio Tinto share of capital investment, effective from our H1 2026 financial results. Further detail on this change in methodology is available on our website.

Middle East conflict

Operational impacts to Rio Tinto remain limited, with no material disruption to production or outbound supply chains across our core commodities. Our scale, geographical diversification and trading and procurement capability continue to underpin resilience, enabling supply continuity of raw materials to our operations and products to our customers, despite significant global supply chain dislocation. Prices for our core commodities have remained broadly supportive in Q2, as detailed in our markets section.

Conditions in the Strait of Hormuz remain highly volatile. We continue to monitor developments closely and maintain contingency plans to address potential escalation or further disruption to global energy and logistics markets.

¹ Further information in relation to these assessments can be found in our 2025 Annual Report in notes 10, 15 and 39 to the financial statements and in our 2025 Taxes and Royalties Paid report on page 23.

4. Our markets

Global economy: the economic impacts from the prolonged closure of the Strait of Hormuz have remained moderate to date. Overall, global manufacturing remained in expansion in June, with the global investment goods output Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) tracking at the strongest quarterly average since 2021, pointing to strong capital investment.

Chinese economy: industrial production slowed to 4.3% in April and May from 6.1% YoY in Q1, partly reflecting lower oil supply entering the industrial production value chains. This has been evident in sequentially weaker output of chemicals and processed petroleum products. Exports continue to surge, reinforcing the theme of soft domestic consumption and strong exports.

US economy: growth has remained resilient, boosted by the ongoing AI-linked capital investment boom, the fading impact of reciprocal tariffs and a positive terms-of-trade effect from higher energy prices.

Copper

• London Metal Exchange (LME) copper prices reached a record high of $6.39/lb ($14,096/t) in mid-May, supported by optimism around AI-driven electricity demand, strong investor flows and renewed supply disruption concerns. LME prices have since moderated, largely due to a stronger US dollar, but have remained supported around $5.90/lb ($13,000/t).

• Copper leaching operations in the DRC and Chile are facing disruptions to sulphuric acid supply due to the Middle East conflict. While no cost-related curtailments have been observed, acid shortages have reportedly reduced output at some operations.

• The US Government has not provided an update regarding possible tariffs on refined copper cathode imports. Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) copper prices continue trading above LME prices as a result and the US continue to import more copper cathode than is required to meet demand.

• The copper concentrate market remained extremely tight in Q2, with spot treatment and refining charges ending the quarter at a record low of -$150/t. High sulphuric acid prices have provided a revenue tailwind to smelters.

Iron ore

• Iron ore prices remained resilient, increasing by 2% in Q2 to $105/dmt.

• China's crude steel and pig iron production increased in Q2, on a QoQ basis, but contracted compared to the same period in 2025.

• Ex‑China Q2 steel production is estimated to have stagnated amid ongoing geopolitical, supply chain and demand-side headwinds.

• China's net steel exports increased by more than 20% QoQ in Q2 as exporters adapted to the licensing regime introduced on 1 January, lifting to a ~120 Mt annualised run rate.

• Seaborne iron ore supply was strong in Q2, with fewer seasonal disruptions, lifting shipments by 14 Mt YoY. Supply growth largely came from production increases in West Africa and South America, which offset declines from the Middle East and Canada.

• Higher energy costs have lifted the global iron ore cost curve, particularly for marginal suppliers with greater exposure to diesel prices.

Aluminium

• The Middle East conflict has reduced ex-China aluminium supply, with smelter curtailments contributing to an expected global deficit in 2026. As a result, ex-China inventories have trended towards historically low levels.

• The LME aluminium price reached a four-year high in May, driven by supply curtailments that tightened physical metal availability while demand for value-added products remained steady. Physical market tightness was reflected in higher spot market premiums across the US, Japan and Europe. The price has since eased to around $3,150/t, still well above the 2025 average of $2,632/t. This decline in the price is due to an expected recovery in Middle East supply, though restarts remain at a very early stage, and the path back to full production is uncertain.

• China bauxite CIF prices remained supported in Q2 on higher seaborne freight costs. However, FOB margins for Guinean producers came under pressure from higher fuel and royalty costs. Guinean bauxite shipments fell in Q2, before improving at the end of the quarter.

• Australian FOB alumina prices remained range-bound in Q2 amid softer alumina demand and higher output in Indonesia and China. Alumina inventories in China remained elevated through the quarter.

Lithium

• Lithium carbonate prices increased by 13% QoQ, supported by supply disruption concerns in Zimbabwe and China and rapidly expanding Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) demand.

• Globally, BESS shipments increased 108% YoY in the first five months of 2026, while Electric Vehicle (EV) sales growth was up 1% YoY, as policy support in China and North America continued to unwind. BESS demand currently accounts for around 30% of lithium demand.

Index prices	Start of Q2 (01/04/26)	End of Q2 (30/06/26)	% change Start - end Q2	Q1 2026 average	Q2 2026 average	% change QoQ	H1 2026	H1 2025	% change YoY
Iron ore ($/dmt CFR China, 61% index)¹	108	99	(8) %	104	105	+2 %	105	101	+4 %
Iron ore ($/dmt CFR China, 65% index)²	127	115	(9) %	121	122	+1 %	122	113	+8 %
Copper (LME spot, c/lb)	557	605	+9 %	583	605	+4 %	593	428	+39 %
Aluminium (LME spot, $/t)	3,584	3,106	(13) %	3,199	3,571	+12 %	3,382	2,539	+33 %
Lithium carbonate (spot, $/t CIF China, Japan & Korea)³	21,000	19,400	(8) %	19,427	22,043	+13 %	20,714	9,197	+125 %

¹ Monthly average Platts (CFR) index for 61% iron fines from 1 January 2026. H1 2025 is the monthly average Platts (CFR) index for 62% iron fines.

² Fastmarkets Iron ore 65% Fe Brazil-origin fines, CFR Qingdao, $/dmt.

³ Fastmarkets index for Lithium carbonate min 99.5% Li₂CO₃ battery grade.

Average realised prices achieved for our major commodities

	Units	H1 2026	H1 2025
Pilbara iron ore	FOB, $/wmt	85.2	83.2
Pilbara iron ore¹	FOB, $/dmt	92.6	90.5
IOC pellets	FOB, $/wmt	124.9	129.9
Copper²	US c/lb	591	436
Aluminium³	Metal, $/t	4,343	3,125
Lithium carbonate equivalent⁴	LCE, $/t	18,960	15,580

¹ Assumes 8% moisture. Pilbara average realised price excludes the impact of certain joint venture arrangements. Including these, realised prices for H1 2026 would have been $1.1/wmt lower (H1 2025, $0.7/wmt).

² Average realised price for all units sold. Realised price does not include the impact of provisional pricing adjustments, which positively impacted revenues in H1 2026 by $235 million (H1 2025 positive impact of $266 million).

³ LME plus all-in premiums (product and market). The US Midwest premium adapted to tariff levels in 2025, fully compensating for the 50% tariff after an initial period. Tariff costs are shown on page 8.

⁴ Realised lithium carbonate equivalent price is calculated as total lithium revenue divided by total lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) volume sold, and therefore represents a blended average across products and contracts rather than a spot or index reference. A portion of volumes is sold under longer term customer contracts, with realisations recognised on a lagged basis, so realised prices may not move in line with, or over the same period as, movements in the reference index price. Lithium results are consolidated from the date of acquisition of Arcadium Lithium (March 2025); accordingly, the H1 2025 comparative reflects the post-acquisition period only and excludes January and February 2025.

5. Copper

Rio Tinto production¹ ('000 tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs H1 2025
Copper
Kennecott - Refined metal²	20	-49 %	-40 %	54	-34 %
Escondida - Metal in concentrates	76	-13 %	-1 %	153	-13 %
Escondida - Refined metal	20	+36 %	+21 %	36	+29 %
Oyu Tolgoi - Metal in concentrates	97	+12 %	-5 %	198	+31 %
Total copper production (consolidated basis¹)	213	-7 %	-7 %	442	+1 %
¹ Includes Oyu Tolgoi and Kennecott on a 100% consolidated basis, and Escondida on an equity share basis. ² We continue to process third party concentrate to optimise smelter utilisation, including 13 thousand tonnes of cathode produced from purchased concentrate in Q2 2026. Purchased and tolled copper concentrates are excluded from reported production figures and guidance. Sales of cathodes produced from purchased concentrate are included in reported revenues.

Kennecott

• Q2 / YoY: lower cathode production primarily due to reduced availability of high quality copper concentrate. Ore treated was lower due to mine sequencing adjustments associated with geotechnical management, planned concentrator maintenance in June of 23 days (now complete) and a 3 day safety stand-down in April, following the fatality in Q1, that halted production across the value-chain.

• Mine resequencing following preventative geotechnical management activities is nearing completion and is expected to restore full access to planned mining areas during H2 2026. An additional 12 haul trucks have also been returned to service to support higher mining rates and improved production performance.

• A flash converting furnace breach in June 2026 resulted in an unplanned outage at the smelter. There were no adverse safety or environmental impacts from the breach. A full rebuild is estimated to take approximately 75 days, from the incident in late June, which will reduce refined copper and gold production in H2 2026. The flash smelting furnace at the smelter will continue to operate, producing matte, a marketable intermediate copper product. Including the copper contained in matte, total copper production estimates are unchanged for the year. Unsold matte will be converted into cathode and contribute to cash flows in 2027. Mining and concentrator operations will continue, with no impact to mined copper production.

Escondida

• Q2: refined copper production increased primarily due to improved Full Sal¹ production.

• YoY: concentrate production declined driven mainly by expected lower ore grades from the mine sequence. Refined production increased due to improved performance in both Full Sal and sulphide leaching.

Oyu Tolgoi

• Q2: planned maintenance at the concentrator impacted production, which was partly offset by higher grades from the underground. The planned maintenance was completed successfully during Q2.

• YoY: increase in production driven by the ramp up of underground operations, and a higher combined grade from the open pit and underground.

• In June 2026, the Government of Mongolia agreed to commence work on resolution of the Entrée licence transfer for Panel 1. As this remains in progress, we continue to advance Panels 0 and 2 North followed by Panel 2 South. Panel 1 is expected to be the final panel brought into production. Mine plan options will continue to be assessed and optimised as appropriate.

• Production ramp-up remains on track to reach an average of around 500 thousand tonnes of copper per year (100% basis and stated as recoverable metal) from 2028 to 2036², inclusive of ongoing sustaining capital expenditure associated with ramp-up activities.

¹ Full SaL is a processing technology that allows the extraction of copper using chloride-assisted leaching predominantly for secondary sulphide material. ² The ~500 thousand tonnes per annum copper production target (stated as recoverable metal) for the Oyu Tolgoi underground and open pit mines for the years 2028 to 2036 was previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 11 July 2023 "Investor site visit to Oyu Tolgoi copper mine, Mongolia". All material assumptions underpinning that production target and those production profiles continue to apply and have not materially changed.

6. Iron Ore

Pilbara operations

Rio Tinto share of production (Wet million tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs H1 2025
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Lump¹	23.5	+1 %	+5 %	45.8	+8 %
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Fines¹	32.5	-2 %	+3 %	63.9	+5 %
Robe Valley Lump	1.7	+2 %	+11 %	3.3	+1 %
Robe Valley Fines	2.4	+7 %	+17 %	4.5	+5 %
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)	10.9	-1 %	+5 %	21.2	+5 %
Total Pilbara production	70.9	0 %	+5 %	138.7	+6 %
Total Pilbara production (100% basis)	83.5	- %	+6 %	162.3	+6 %

Rio Tinto share of sales (Wet million tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs H1 2025
Pilbara Blend Lump	17.8	+60 %	+19 %	32.8	+57 %
Pilbara Blend Fines	33.5	+56 %	+21 %	61.3	+52 %
Robe Valley Lump	1.5	+8 %	+28 %	2.7	+5 %
Robe Valley Fines	2.9	+10 %	+28 %	5.2	+6 %
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)	11.3	+6 %	+33 %	19.8	-1 %
SP10 Lump¹	2.3	-72 %	-16 %	5.1	-69 %
SP10 Fines¹	2.8	-77 %	-24 %	6.6	-72 %
Total Pilbara sales²	72.2	+6 %	+18 %	133.4	+3 %
Total Pilbara sales (100% basis)²	85.3	+7 %	+18 %	157.7	+5 %
Total Pilbara sales (consolidated basis)^{2, 3}	74.2	+6 %	+18 %	137.2	+4 %

Production figures are sometimes more precise than the rounded numbers shown, hence small rounding differences may appear.

¹ SP10 includes other lower grade products.

² Sales includes material shipped from the Pilbara to our portside trading facility in China which may not be sold onwards by the group in the same period.

³ While Rio Tinto has a 53% net beneficial interest in Robe River Iron Associates, it recognises 65% of the assets, liabilities, sales revenues and expenses in its accounts (as 30% is held through a 60% owned subsidiary and 35% is held through a 100% owned subsidiary). The consolidated basis sales reported here include Robe River Iron Associates on a 65% basis to enable comparison with revenue reported in the financial statements.

• Q2 production: stable YoY, supported by improved mine performance following the successful implementation of productivity initiatives targeting equipment and plant operating time.

• Q2 sales: up 7% YoY and the highest since 2020 supported by strong system performance and healthy stock levels. SP10 represented 8% of total sales in Q2.

◦ Port outload capacity will reduce to below 360 Mtpa during some quarters in H2 2026, 2027 and 2028 with several scheduled major capital projects underway (including Parker Point reclaimers) to improve system flexibility and prepare for Rhodes Ridge.

• Achieved average pricing¹ in H1 2026 was $85.2 per wet metric tonne ($83.2 in H1 2025) on an FOB basis (equivalent to $92.6 per dry metric tonne, with an 8% moisture assumption).

◦ This compares to the average H1 Platts 61% iron index price for iron ore fines of $92.0 per dry metric tonne, converted to an FOB basis.

• Q2 sales: 10% of sales priced by reference to the prior quarter's average index lagged by one month:

◦ Remainder sold either on current quarter average, month average or on the spot market.

◦ 27% of sales were made on a free on board (FOB) basis, with remainder sold including freight.

• Q2 portside sales in China: 2.9 Mt (7.8 Mt in Q2 2025)

◦ 89% of our portside sales were either screened or blended in Chinese ports.

◦ End-June inventory levels at portside were 6.1 Mt, including 3.4 Mt of Pilbara product.

¹ Pilbara average realised price excludes the impact of certain joint venture arrangements. Including these, realised prices for H1 2026 would have been $1.1/wmt lower (H1 2025, $0.7/wmt).

Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC)

Production and sales (Wet million tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs 2025
Pellets and concentrate production (Rio Tinto Share)	1.7	-31 %	-15 %	3.7	-22 %
Pellets and concentrate production (100%)	2.9	-31 %	-15 %	6.4	-22 %
Pellets and concentrate sales¹ (100%)	3.2	-30 %	-4 %	6.5	-19 %

¹ Sales includes material shipped from IOC to our portside trading facility in China which may not be sold onwards by the group in the same period.

• Q2 production: multi-year program targeting pit and asset health is in implementation, which, for example, improved total material movement by 14% QoQ.

• Q2 sales: reduced QoQ due to lower concentrator feed and the ore dumper replacement project, which reduced train unloading capacity into the port.

• The full year guidance (15-18 Mt) remains subject to the impact of recent forest fires in Canada. We continue to monitor and evaluate the evolving situation.

Simandou

Production and sales (Wet million tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs 2025
Fines production (Rio Tinto share)^1,2	0.3	NA	+16 %	0.6	NA
Fines production (100%)^1,2	0.7	NA	+16 %	1.2	NA
Fines sales (100%)³	0.4	NA	NA	0.4	NA

¹ Simandou production represents ore ready for train loading at the SimFer mine gate.

² 2.3 Mt (100% SimFer) of crushed iron ore (1 Mt, Rio Tinto share) was produced in 2025 and was recorded for the first time in Q4 2025, some of which required reprocessing in 2026.

³ There is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales for railing, shipping to China and tertiary crushing.

• Q2 production: increased QoQ following the Q1 tragic fatality, with a conservative, phased restart to operations to ensure disciplined application of safety learnings. Production has also been impacted by the reliability of temporary screening and crushing facilities. Delivery of permanent crushing facilities, expected in H2, will support the ramp-up.

• Stockpiles: at end of June, 7.6 Mt of uncrushed ore at the mine, which contributes to 9.6 Mt across the entire system, including Guinea port, on ships and in China ports.

• Q2 sales: 1.6 Mt (100%) shipped to China during the quarter (H1: 2.2 Mt). The first customer collections were completed in April following tertiary crushing in China, with Q2 sales totalling 0.4 Mt (100%) and achieved Fe at 65.8%.

7. Aluminium & Lithium

Aluminium

Rio Tinto share of production ('000 tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	vs H1 2025
Bauxite	15,200	-3 %	+14 %	28,480	-7 %
Bauxite third party shipments¹	10,614	-6 %	+15 %	19,835	-7 %
Alumina²	2,002	+10 %	-2 %	4,040	+8 %
Aluminium	841	0 %	+1 %	1,676	0 %
Recycled aluminium	70	-5 %	+15 %	130	-7 %
¹ Sangaredi's third-party bauxite shipments for 2025 and Q1 2026 were restated following a reclassification between internal and third-party shipments. Internal shipments are now reported on a 100% basis, with Rio Tinto's share at 45% in line with the offtake arrangement. This has no impact on total bauxite shipments. A 3% humidity adjustment has also now been incorporated. ² As stated in our Q1 2026 report, we have included QAL on a 100% basis from 2026.

Bauxite

• Q2: production recovered from Q1 weather disruption, led by Weipa maximising plant operating time and rate, and Gove achieving higher effective plant utilisation. We expect around half of the 0.9 Mt lost from the Q1 cyclone to be recovered throughout the year, supported by, for example, additional haul capacity at Weipa.

Alumina

• Q2: production reduced QoQ driven by lower output at Yarwun and Vaudreuil following reliability events at both refineries.

• Note for Yarwun: as announced in November 2025, production is set to reduce by 40% starting from October 2026 (~1.2 Mt impact per year). This change, due to tailings constraints, extends Yarwun's life to 2035.

Aluminium

• Q2: production increased marginally QoQ with Kitimat, NZAS and AP60 continuing their ramp-up, while the Arvida smelter closed as planned.

◦ Kitimat: ramping up to nameplate capacity with higher water reservoir levels supporting improved hydro power output.

◦ NZAS: at full capacity rates.

◦ Arvida: final two potlines closed in June 2026 as per plan, completing the transition to AP60, which continues to ramp up (as detailed on page 13).

Tariffs

• Q2: All produced metal was shipped, with sales pricing, product mix and shipping destinations flexed to optimise outcomes in a changing market environment.

	H1 2025	H2 2025	H1 2026
Total RTA shipments - US destination, kt¹	723	630	585
Total RTA tariff cost, $m	321	709	773
Average mid-west premium duty paid², $/tonne	855	1,731	2,406
Average realised tariff costs - US destination, $/tonne	444	1,126	1,322
¹ Including both tariff impacted and exempt products. ² Mid-west premium duty paid applies to approximately 40% of our total volumes.

Recycled aluminium

• Q2: higher QoQ production was supported by our productivity program across the business. The -5% YoY movement was driven by the closure of the Canton, Ohio facility in mid 2025 to optimise the portfolio. Recycled volumes continue to reflect the reshaped downstream operating footprint in place since Q2 2025.

Aluminium modelling

• To assist with modelling of aluminium operating costs during a volatile price environment for raw materials, we provide the following breakdown and sensitivities for the alumina and aluminium metal segments (Primary Metal and Pacific Aluminium). This excludes the effect of intra and inter segment eliminations on Group profit.

Alumina refining

Production cash cost (%)	FY 25	H1 25	H2 25	H1 26
Bauxite	37	36	37	38
Conversion	33	34	32	30
Caustic	19	19	19	18
Energy	12	11	12	14
Total	100	100	100	100

Input costs (nominal)	H1 25 Index price	H2 25 Index price	H1 26 Index price	HY 26 Annual cost sensitivity impact on underlying EBITDA
Caustic soda¹ ($/t)	445	385	378	$11m per $10/t
Natural gas² ($/mmbtu)	3.69	3.56	3.2	$4m per $0.10/mmbtu
Brent oil ($/bbl)	71.8	66.4	92.2	$2m per $10/bbl

¹North East Asia FOB | ²Henry Hub

Aluminium smelting

Production cash cost (%)	FY 25	H1 25	H2 25	H1 26
Alumina	47	52	42	38
Power	20	17	22	23
Conversion	18	17	19	20
Carbon	14	12	15	16
Materials	1	0	2	3
Total	100	100	100	100

Input costs (nominal)	H1 25 Index price	H2 25 Index price	H1 26 Index price	Inventory flow	HY 26 Annual cost sensitivity impact on underlying EBITDA
Alumina¹ ($/t)	593	433	308	1 - 2 months	$65m per $10/t
Petroleum coke² ($/t)	458	472	545	2 - 3 months	$11m per $10/t
Coal tar pitch³ ($/t)	868	858	900	1 - 2 months	$3m per $10/t

¹Australia FOB | ²US Gulf FOB | ³North America FOB

Lithium

Rio Tinto share of production ('000 tonnes)	Q2 2026	vs Q2 2025	vs Q1 2026	H1 2026	H1 2025	vs H1 2025
Lithium carbonate	13.9	+22 %	+12 %	26.2	15.5	+69 %
Lithium hydroxide	5.3	- %	-4 %	10.9	7.2	+50 %
Spodumene	-	NA	NA	-	9.1	NA
Other specialities (LCE)	1.1	-21 %	+38 %	1.8	1.6	+14 %
Total lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) production^1,2	14.6	+20 %	+15 %	27.3	17.8	+53 %
¹ The lithium value chain is vertically integrated and as a result production volumes are not additive. Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) is derived from volumes of lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, and spodumene concentrate. These compounds are used as feedstock in downstream production. ² H1 2025 represents production since March following completion of the Arcadium acquisition. Q1 2025 LCE production was 5.6kt (6.5kt on a 100% basis); LCE shipments were 3.8kt (5.0kt on a 100% basis).

• Q2: strong performance.

◦ Fénix 1B: first production in Q2, ahead of plan.

◦ Sal de Vida: first production in Q2 ahead of plan, commissioning on track.

◦ Rincón starter plant: continued to ramp up, delivering 385t in Q2, as we focused on reactor stability.

• YTD: down by 7% YoY primarily reflecting that Mt Cattlin was in operation in Q1 2025 (in care and maintenance since end of March 2025).

Lithium modelling

• To assist with modelling of lithium operating costs, we are providing the following breakdown and sensitivities for our lithium carbonate and hydroxide processing (covering downstream conversion to hydroxide). This excludes the effect of intra and inter segment eliminations on group profit.

Upstream lithium carbonate & chloride¹

Production cash cost (%)	FY 25	H1 26
Reagents (soda ash, lime)	42	35
Conversion (labour, maintenance, contractors)	29	35
Brine extraction & evaporation (DLE, pumping, ponds)	19	16
Energy (gas, diesel, power)	10	12
Other materials & consumables	1	2
Total	100	100

Downstream lithium hydroxide

Production cash cost (%)	FY 25	H1 26
Lithium carbonate feedstock²	64	69
Conversion (labour, maintenance, contractors)	31	26
Energy, reagents and other materials & consumables	5	5
Total³	100	100

¹ Upstream cost % include assets in production ramp-up during the period (Sal de Vida, Rincon and Fénix 1B), and are yet to be representative of steady-state operating costs. ² Downstream cost % reflects the total internal cost of the lithium carbonate feedstock consumed, consistent with the vertically integrated nature of the value chain. ³ Certain lithium input costs flow through the income statement on a lag as material moves through inventory - typically three months, longer in some cases - so movements in input prices may not be fully reflected in the period in which they occur.

8. Borates and TiO₂

Rio Tinto share of production ('000 tonnes)

2026

vs Q2
2025

vs Q1
2026

2026

vs H1

2025

Borates - B₂O₃ content

137

+4 %

+7 %

265

+6 %

Titanium dioxide slag - TiO₂

227

-15 %

+4 %

445

-9 %

We are advancing our strategic reviews and are actively testing the market for our Borates business and evaluating options for Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium.

Borates

• Q2: achieved strong production supported by continued robust market conditions.

Iron & Titanium

• Q2: continued to align production with market demand, operating six (of nine) furnaces in Quebec and three (of four) furnaces at Richards Bay Minerals.

9. Capital Projects

Project	Total capital cost (100% unless otherwise stated)	Status/Milestones
Copper
Project: Kennecott open pit extension Location: Utah, United States Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Approval: 2019 To note: The project scope includes mine stripping activities and some infrastructure development, including tailings facility expansion. The project will allow mining to continue into a new area of the orebody between 2026 and 2032.	$1.8bn	• Stripping will continue through 2027 with sustainable ore production from the second phase of the pushback expected to be reached in H2 2027.
Project: Kennecott North Rim Skarn (NRS) underground development¹ Location: Utah, United States Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Capacity: around 250 kt through to 2033² Approval: June 2023 First production: Achieved Q4 2025 To note: Original approval for $0.5bn with a further $0.1bn approved in December 2024 for additional infrastructure and geotechnical controls.	$0.6bn	• Underground production was impacted by the safety stand-down, geotechnical remediation following a rockfall and maintenance constraints. This resulted in lower development and ore movement than planned in Q2.
Iron ore
Project: Brockman (Brockman Syncline 1) Location: WA, Australia Ownership: 100% Capacity: 34 Mtpa Approval: March 2025 Planned first production: 2027 To note: The project is to extend the life of the Brockman regions in WA.	$1.8bn	• Bulk earthworks progressed, with critical path items advancing and key areas handed over to the structural/mechanical construction contractor. • First production remains on track for 2027.
Project: Hope Downs 2 (incl. Bedded Hilltop) Location: WA, Australia Ownership: Rio Tinto (50%) and Hancock Prospecting (50%) Capacity: 31 Mtpa Approval: June 2025 Planned first production: 2027 To note: The project is to extend the life of the Hope Downs 1 operation in WA.	$0.8bn (Rio Tinto share)	• Construction remains ahead of plan, with strong progress across civil works, haul roads and non-process infrastructure. • Key infrastructure nearing completion (due in July 2026), including Hope Downs 2 Satellite Facility. • Road train operations continue to ramp up following commissioning in February. • First production from haulage remains on track for 2027.
Project: West Angelas Sustaining Location: WA, Australia Ownership: Rio Tinto (53%), Mitsui Iron Ore (33%) and Nippon Steel (14%) Capacity: 35 Mtpa Approval: October 2025 Planned first production: 2027 To note: The project is to extend the life of the West Angelas hub in WA.	$0.4bn (Rio Tinto share)	• Construction activities progressed in line with plan. • First production remains on track for 2027.
Project	Total capital cost (100% unless otherwise stated)	Status/Milestones
Iron ore
Project: Simandou Location: Guinea, Africa SimFer mine ownership: SimFer (85%), Government of Guinea (GoG) (15%) SimFer mine capacity: 60 Mtpa³ (27 Mtpa RT share) Approval: July 2024 Start date: first shipment in December 2025 To note: Investment in the Simandou high-grade iron ore project in Guinea in partnership with CIOH, a Chinalco-led consortium (the SimFer joint venture) and co-development of the rail and port infrastructure with Winning Consortium Simandou⁴ (WCS), Baowu and the Republic of Guinea (the partners) for the export of up to 120 Mtpa of iron ore mined by SimFer's and WCS's respective mining concessions.⁵ The SimFer joint venture⁶ will develop, own and operate a 60 Mtpa³ mine in blocks 3 & 4. WCS will construct the project's ~536 kilometre shared dual track main line, a 16 kilometre spur connecting its mine to the mainline as well as the WCS barge port, while SimFer will construct the ~70 kilometre spur line, connecting its mining concession to the main rail line, and the transhipment vessel (TSV) port.	$6.2bn (Rio Tinto share)	• Ore continues being railed from the SimFer mine to the main rail line via the SimFer rail spur and shipped through the WCS port while construction of the SimFer port is finalised. Commissioning of key infrastructure remains targeted through 2026, supporting ramp up toward full production rates during H2 2028. • Non-managed infrastructure - our partners confirm that construction is progressing well and is on track. • SimFer mine is progressing to plan, with ~77% completed - bulk earthworks and permanent facilities construction continue, with critical systems nearing completion and first ore through the primary crusher expected in Q4 2026, aligned with plan. • SimFer rail infrastructure sees an expanding locomotive fleet supporting ramp-up of operations. • SimFer port and marine infrastructure continue to progress to plan, with 85% completed - fabrication and assembly of trans-shipment vessels advancing and commissioning activities building toward operational readiness. SimFer port commissioning is expected in Q1 2027. • Workforce across all the SimFer scope of mine, rail and port is 19,460 with 76% Guinean participation.
Aluminium
Project: Low-carbon AP60 aluminium smelter Location: Quebec, Canada Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Capacity: Project will add 96 new AP60 pots, increasing AP60 capacity by 160,000 tonnes of primary aluminium per annum Approval: June 2023 Start date: First hot metal achieved in March 2026. To note: The investment includes up to $113 million of financial support from the Quebec government. This new capacity is expected to be in addition to 30,000 tonnes of new recycling capacity at Arvida, which has been rescheduled to open in Q4 2026.	$1.5bn	• Commissioning commenced in May 2026, with system handovers continuing through staged verification to support the plant commissioning. • Construction progressing toward completion, with works largely concentrated in remaining brownfield and replacement areas, overall progress (~97%) nearing finalisation. • The smelter is expected to be fully ramped up as planned by the end of 2026.
Lithium
Project: Rincon expansion Location: Salta province, Argentina Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Capacity: 60ktpa (battery grade lithium carbonate) Approval: December 2024 Planned first production: 2028 with three-year ramp-up to full capacity To note: Project consists of the 3ktpa starter plant and 57ktpa expansion program. The mine is expected to have a 40-year⁷ life and operate in the first quartile of the cost curve.	$2.5bn	• Construction of full scale plant is progressing across key areas, including camp, utilities and pipelines, with works advancing toward planned development milestones. • The project remains in early execution, with initial construction focused on site establishment, enabling works and supporting infrastructure for future expansion.
Project	Total capital cost (100% unless otherwise stated)	Status/Milestones
Lithium
Project: Fénix expansion (1B) Location: Catamarca province, Argentina Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Capacity: 10ktpa LCE (battery grade lithium carbonate) First production: achieved in Q2 2026 To note: product is carbonate, chloride	$0.7bn	• First production achieved in Q2, ahead of plan. • Plant remains in commissioning phase.
Project: Sal de Vida Location: Catamarca province, Argentina Ownership: Rio Tinto (100%) Capacity: 15ktpa LCE First production: achieved in Q2 2026 To note: product is carbonate	$0.7bn	• First production achieved in Q2, ahead of plan. • Plant remains in commissioning phase.
Project: Nemaska Lithium Location: Quebec, Canada Ownership: Following the respective equity investments made by Rio Tinto and the Government of Québec, through Investissement Québec, in Nemaska Lithium since March 2025, Rio Tinto now holds a 53.9% stake in Nemaska Lithium, while the Government of Québec holds 46.1% of the company. Capacity: 28ktpa LCE (100%) First production: planned in 2028 To note: product is integrated lithium hydroxide.	$1.1bn (Rio Tinto share)	• Following the in-depth review of the Bécancour project, a decision to slow the pace of construction during 2026 was made in Q1. • Some activities at the Bécancour site continue (asset preservation, maintaining site integrity) during the optimisation period, while others have been paused or deferred, with a temporary reduction in contractor workforce levels. • We remain committed to the Bécancour project. Engineering for the Bécancour facility has been completed and construction is now more than 70% advanced. • Whabouchi and Galaxy mines: we are continuing a strategic business and capital discipline review with our partners in Canada to decide which of the two mines we will develop. We now expect to make a decision in H2 2026 (previously H1), to ensure an integrated solution for spodumene supply to Bécancour is available by 2028.
Iron & Titanium
Project: Zulti South Location: Richards Bay, South Africa Ownership: Rio Tinto (74%), Blue Horizon Investments (24%) and Employee Share Participation Trust (ESPS) (2%) Capacity: Extend mine life to 2050 Approval: March 2026 Planned first production: Q4 2028 To note: Construction commenced in H1 2026 and will take 30 months to be completed with initial commercial production expected in Q4 2028. This first phase will support Richards Bay Mineral's (RBM's) supply of zircon and ilmenite, while the second phase will follow as part of the long-term development strategy.	$0.35bn (Rio Tinto share)	• Early construction and site establishment are progressing, with mobilisation underway and enabling works advancing. Engineering and procurement continue in parallel, with fabrication of long lead mechanical equipment commencing in China.

1. The NRS Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, together with the Lower Commercial Skarn (LCS) Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, form the Underground Skarns Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves.

2. The 250 thousand tonne copper production target for the Kennecott underground mines over the years 2023 to 2033 was previously reported in a release to the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) dated 20 June 2023 "Rio Tinto invests to strengthen copper supply in US". All material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed.

3. The estimated annualised capacity of approximately 60 million dry tonnes per annum iron ore for the Simandou life of mine schedule was previously reported in a release to the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) dated 6 December 2023 titled "Investor Seminar 2023". Rio Tinto confirms that all material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed.

4. WCS is the holder of Simandou North Blocks 1 & 2 (with the Government of Guinea holding a 15% interest in the mining vehicle and WCS holding 85%) and associated infrastructure. WCS was originally held by WCS Holdings, a consortium of Singaporean company, Winning International Group (50%) and Weiqiao Aluminium (part of the China Hongqiao Group) (50%). On 19 June 2024, Baowu Resources completed the acquisition of a 49% share of WCS mine and infrastructure projects with WCS Holdings holding the remaining 51%. In the case of the mine, Baowu also has an option to increase to 51% during operations. During construction, SimFer will hold 34% of the shares in the WCS infrastructure entities with WCS holding the remaining 66%.

5. WCS holds the mining concession for Blocks 1 & 2, while SimFer holds the mining concession for Blocks 3 & 4. SimFer and WCS will independently develop their mines.

6. SimFer Jersey Limited is a joint venture between the Rio Tinto Group (53%) and Chalco Iron Ore Holdings Ltd (CIOH) (47%), a Chinalco-led joint venture of leading Chinese SOEs (Chinalco (75%), Baowu (20%), China Rail Construction Corporation (2.5%) and China Harbour Engineering Company (2.5%)). SimFer S.A. is the holder of the mining concession covering Simandou Blocks 3 & 4, and is owned by the Guinean State (15%) and SimFer Jersey Limited (85%). SimFer Infraco Guinée S.A. will deliver SimFer's scope of the co-developed rail and port infrastructure, and is co-owned by SimFer Jersey (85%) and the Guinean State (15%). SimFer Jersey will ultimately own 42.5% of La Compagnie du Transguinéen, which will own and operate the co-developed infrastructure during operations.

7. The production target of approximately 53 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year for a period of 40 years was previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 4 December 2024 titled "Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Table 1". Rio Tinto confirms that all material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed. Plans are in place to build for a capacity of 60 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year with debottlenecking and improvement programs scheduled to unlock this additional throughput. Capacity of 60ktpa is comprised of 3ktpa starter plant, 50ktpa full scale plant and 7ktpa additional optimisation.

10. Future Projects

Project	Status
Copper: Resolution
Location: Arizona, US Ownership: Rio Tinto (55%), BHP (45%) To note: proposed underground copper mine in the Copper Triangle, in Arizona.	• Following completion of the congressionally mandated land exchange in March, project development continued to advance permitting, enabling works, data gathering and technical studies. • Commenced initial underground development, including expansion of the existing mining station at ~6,800 feet below ground, representing an important step toward future access to the orebody. • Commenced surface drilling in newly accessible areas following the land exchange, with underground drilling scheduled to commence in Q3 to support further resource definition and geological data collection. • Progressed key land exchange commitments, including mitigation, monitoring and engagement measures and ongoing collaboration with Native American Tribes, local communities and regulators. A long-term water agreement with the Town of Superior was approved including a commitment of more than $20 million to help protect and enhance the community's water future.
Copper: Winu
Location: WA, Australia Ownership: Rio Tinto (70%), Sumitomo Metal Mining (SMM) (30%) To note: In late 2017, we discovered copper-gold mineralisation at the Winu project (Paterson Province in Western Australia). In 2021, we reported our first Indicated Mineral Resource. The pathway remains subject to regulatory and other required approvals. Project Agreement negotiations with Nyangumarta and the Martu Traditional Owner Groups remain our priority.	• The feasibility study is progressing and is on track for completion by end-2026. • Engagement with the Western Australia EPA is ongoing to finalise the Environmental Review Document for publication. • The project is focused on concluding agreements with the Nyangumarta and Martu Traditional Owner groups during 2026. • The project is progressing towards declaring an Ore Reserve, contingent on the completion and validation of all relevant modifying factors.
Copper: La Granja
Location: Cajamarca, Peru Ownership: Rio Tinto (45%), First Quantum Minerals (55%) To note: In August 2023, we completed a transaction to form a joint venture with First Quantum Minerals (FQM) that will work to unlock the development of the La Granja project, one of the largest undeveloped copper deposits in the world, with potential to be a large, long-life operation. FQM acquired its stake for $105m. It will invest up to a further $546m into the joint venture to sole fund capital and operational costs to take the project through a feasibility study and toward development.	• An updated technical report was published by the operator, First Quantum, in May 2026 outlining a materially updated Mineral Resource estimate¹. The project now hosts 4.8Bt @ 0.48% Cu Measured & Indicated for 23.0Mt contained copper, plus 5.2Bt @ 0.40% Cu Inferred for another 20.7Mt Cu. • Further project development is focused on advancing the permitting process. Key priorities include the progression of baseline environmental and social studies, continued stakeholder engagement, and preparation for the Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment, which is scheduled to commence in 2026.
Iron Ore: Rhodes Ridge
Location: WA, Australia Ownership: Rio Tinto (50%), Mitsui & Co. (40%), AMB Holdings Pty Ltd (10%)² Capacity: 40 to 50 Mtpa First ore: end of decade To note: The Rhodes Ridge Joint Venture has approved a feasibility study to progress development of the first phase of the Rhodes Ridge project. The feasibility study will assess development of an operation with initial annual production capacity of 40 to 50 Mtpa. This study commenced in Q1 2026 as planned, and is expected to conclude in 2029. The development will use Rio Tinto's rail, port and power infrastructure. Following completion of the pre-feasibility study and with the environmental referral planned, we aim to progress toward reporting an initial Ore Reserve for Rhodes Ridge in 2026, contingent on continued review of all relevant modifying factors.	• The feasibility study remains on track to be completed in 2029 subject to relevant approvals.
Project	Status
Aluminium: Arctial partnership
Location: Finland To note: Partnership agreement formed in 2025 with the Swedish investment company Vargas, Mitsubishi Corporation and other international and local industry partners to study a low carbon aluminium greenfield opportunity in Finland. As the strategic industrial partner, Rio Tinto will provide the Arctial partnership with access to its proven industry-leading AP60 technology and assist in what would be the first AP60 deployment in an aluminium smelter outside Quebec, Canada.	• The EIA was submitted in May 2026 and public hearings have commenced. Upon completion of the pre-feasibility study, the JV partners have decided to proceed with more detailed technical, commercial and financial planning.
Lithium: Argentina
	• Developing the blueprint in 2026 for two future hubs, targeting $30/kg capital intensity with a 30-month timeline for development and <$5/kg C1 operating costs.
Lithium: Atacama region, Chile
To note: Binding agreement to form a joint venture (JV) with Codelco to develop and operate the high-grade Salar de Maricunga project. Binding agreement with ENAMI to form a JV to develop the Salares Altoandinos project.	• Expected agreement closure now expected in 2027 (for both Maricunga and Altoandinos), subject to receipt of all applicable regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

¹ The La Granja Mineral Resource estimate is sourced from First Quantum Minerals Ltd. Quote from the First Quantum release: "the Report was prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") with an effective date of December 31, 2025."

² Mitsui holds its 40% interest through an entity named SPC Blue Pty Ltd and AMB holds its 10% interest through Rhodes Ridge Mining (No 1) Pty Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd, that is managed and controlled by AMB.

11. Exploration and evaluation

Commodities	Advanced projects	Greenfield/ Brownfield programs	QoQ change
Copper	Nuevo Cobre, Chile Comita, Colombia	Greenfield: Angola, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Laos, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Serbia¹, Türkiye¹, USA and Zambia	Türkiye added
Iron Ore	Pilbara, Australia	Greenfield and Brownfield: Pilbara, Australia	NA
Bauxite		Greenfield: Australia	NA
Lithium		Greenfield: Australia and Rwanda	NA
Other	Chiri, Angola (diamonds) Kasiya¹, Malawi (titanium)		NA

¹ Non-operated.

• Overall, Rio Tinto has a strong portfolio of exploration projects with activity in 16 countries across six commodities. We continue to sharpen and focus and simplify the portfolio.

12. Second quarter public releases

8 April 2026 | Bolobedu solar power plant reaches commissioning

16 April 2026 | Rio Tinto advances Kitimat operations with new conveyor commissioning

21 April 2026 | Rio Tinto releases first quarter 2026 production results

21 April 2026 | Rio Tinto donates A$1.5 million to support Qld and NT communities impacted by Severe Tropical Cyclone Narelle and recent widespread flooding

23 April 2026 | Rio Tinto donates A$1.5m to WA Department of Fire and Emergency Services to help with Severe Tropical Cyclone Narelle recovery

24 April 2026 | Rio Tinto's Argyle Pink Diamonds™ and West Australian Ballet announce 2026 Rare Gem recipient

28 April 2026 | Rio Tinto's A$100m boost for essential service worker housing in the Pilbara

29 April 2026 | Clontarf and Rio Tinto extend 18-year partnership supporting young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men

5 May 2026 | Sodexo awarded contract to manage Rio Tinto's Pilbara facilities

11 May 2026 | Yindjibarndi Energy Corporation reaches Financial Close on Jinbi Solar Project; signs Power Purchase Agreement with Rio Tinto

14 May 2026 | Rio Tinto appoints new Chief Legal Officer

20 May 2026 | Rio Tinto ships 8 billionth tonne of iron ore from the Pilbara

26 May 2026 | Richards Bay Minerals announces leadership change

29 May 2026 | Rio Tinto commissions $1.5 billion AP60 smelter expansion in Quebec

9 June 2026 | Rio Tinto Canada Fund boosts community investment to C$13 million to better meet the needs of Canadians

12 June 2026 | China Baowu and Rio Tinto complete Pilbara Blend iron ore pelletisation and direct reduction trials

23 June 2026 | BHP, Rio Tinto and Caterpillar launch battery-electric haul truck trial in the Pilbara

30 June 2026 | Rio Tinto and Government of Mongolia agree to adjust Oyu Tolgoi shareholder loan interest rate

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Forward-looking statement

This announcement includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including, without limitation, those regarding Rio Tinto's financial position, production guidance, business strategy, plans and objectives of management for future operations (including development plans and objectives relating to Rio Tinto's products, production forecasts and reserve and resource positions), are forward-looking statements. The words "intend", "aim", "project", "anticipate", "estimate", "plan", "believes", "expects", "may", "should", "will", "target", "set to" or similar expressions, commonly identify such forward-looking statement.

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Nothing in this announcement should be interpreted to mean that future earnings per share of Rio Tinto plc or Rio Tinto Limited will necessarily match or exceed its historical published earnings per share. Past performance cannot be relied on as a guide to future performance.

Rio Tinto production summary

Rio Tinto share of production

		Quarter					Half Year		% change
		Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	2025 H1	2026 H1	Q2 26 vs Q2 25	Q2 26 vs Q1 26	H1 2026 vs H1 2025
Principal commodities
Alumina	('000 t)	1,815	1,888	1,969	2,038	2,002	3,735	4,040	+10 %	-2 %	+8 %
Aluminium (Primary)	('000 t)	842	857	852	835	841	1,671	1,676	0 %	+1 %	0 %
Bauxite	('000 t)	15,644	16,392	15,397	13,281	15,200	30,610	28,480	-3 %	+14 %	-7 %
Borates	('000 t)	132	128	124	128	137	249	265	+4 %	+7 %	+6 %
Copper (consolidated)	('000 t)	229	204	240	229	213	438	442	-7 %	-7 %	+1 %
Iron Ore (a)	('000 t)	73,548	74,168	80,515	70,045	72,949	135,956	142,994	-1 %	+4 %	+5 %
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) (b)	('000 t)	12.2	12.5	15.4	12.7	14.6	17.8	27.3	+20 %	+15 %	+53 %
Titanium dioxide slag	('000 t)	269	261	222	218	227	491	445	-15 %	+4 %	-9 %
Other Metals & Minerals
Diamonds	('000 cts)	1,238	1,137	1,112	1,041	33	2,179	1,074	-97 %	-97 %	-51 %
Gold - mined	('000 oz)	112.9	120.8	151.9	133.3	116.3	191.6	249.5	+3 %	-13 %	+30 %
Gold - refined	('000 oz)	32.1	19.4	31.3	37.9	21.5	66.0	59.4	-33 %	-43 %	-10 %
Molybdenum	('000 t)	1.1	1.3	1.7	2.5	1.5	2.2	4.0	+30 %	-42 %	+84 %
Salt	('000 t)	1,375	1,197	1,342	951	1,176	2,211	2,127	-15 %	+24 %	-4 %
Silver - mined	('000 oz)	1,474	1,233	1,650	1,777	1,336	2,632	3,113	-9 %	-25 %	+18 %
Silver - refined	('000 oz)	509	254	439	632	327	1,145	958	-36 %	-48 %	-16 %

Throughout this report, figures in italics indicate adjustments made since the figure was previously quoted on the equivalent page or reported for the first time. Production figures are sometimes more precise than the rounded numbers shown, hence small differences may result between the total of the quarter figures and the year to date figures.
(a) Iron Ore production for Pilbara operations and Iron Ore Company of Canada refers to saleable production (after crushing, screening and beneficiation). For Simandou, it represents ore ready for train loading at the SimFer mine gate: final (tertiary) crushing of Simandou ore takes place in China. There is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales for railing, shipping to China and tertiary crushing.

(b) H1 2025 represents production since March following completion of the Arcadium acquisition. Q1 2025 LCE production was 5.6kt (6.5kt on a 100% basis); LCE shipments were 3.8kt (5.0kt on a 100% basis).

Rio Tinto share of production

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

ALUMINA
Production ('000 tonnes)
Jonquière (Vaudreuil)	100 %	340	323	351	349	322	695	671
Jonquière (Vaudreuil) specialty Alumina plant	100 %	30	26	29	28	28	55	56
Queensland Alumina	80 %	699	697	710	839	859	1,384	1,698
São Luis (Alumar)	10 %	93	98	98	98	97	183	195
Yarwun	100 %	653	743	781	724	695	1,418	1,419
Rio Tinto total alumina production		1,815	1,888	1,969	2,038	2,002	3,735	4,040

ALUMINIUM
Primary production ('000 tonnes)
Australia - Bell Bay	100 %	48	49	48	47	47	94	94
Australia - Boyne Island	74 %	92	94	93	91	92	184	183
Australia - Tomago	52 %	73	75	76	73	74	145	146
Canada - six wholly owned	100 %	392	397	386	378	379	779	757
Canada - Alouette (Sept-Îles)	40 %	62	60	63	63	63	124	127
Canada - Bécancour	25 %	30	30	30	29	29	58	59
Iceland - ISAL (Reykjavik)	100 %	51	51	52	52	53	99	104
New Zealand - Tiwai Point	100 %	75	82	83	82	83	149	165
Oman - Sohar	20 %	20	20	20	20	20	40	40
Rio Tinto total primary aluminium production		842	857	852	835	841	1,671	1,676
Recycled production ('000 tonnes)
Matalco	50 %	74	68	62	61	70	140	130
Rio Tinto total recycled aluminium production		74	68	62	61	70	140	130


BAUXITE
Production ('000 tonnes) (a)
Gove	100 %	3,303	3,244	3,040	3,109	3,229	6,444	6,338
Porto Trombetas	22 %	676	690	659	523	578	1,194	1,101
Sangaredi	(b)	2,028	1,671	1,676	1,746	1,986	4,318	3,732
Weipa	100 %	9,637	10,788	10,021	7,903	9,407	18,654	17,309
Rio Tinto total bauxite production		15,644	16,392	15,397	13,281	15,200	30,610	28,480

(b) Rio Tinto has a 22.95% shareholding in the Sangaredi mine but benefits from 45.0% of production.

Rio Tinto share of production

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

BORATES
Production ('000 tonnes B₂O₃ content)
Rio Tinto Borates - borates	100 %	132	128	124	128	137	249	265

COPPER
Mine production ('000 tonnes) (a)
Bingham Canyon	100 %	40.7	18.5	38.4	34.7	20.2	68.3	54.9
Escondida	30 %	96.4	96.7	89.9	88.7	84.2	195.1	173.0
Oyu Tolgoi	66 %	57.3	58.9	68.6	67.1	63.9	100.3	131.0
Rio Tinto total mine production		194.4	174.1	196.9	190.5	168.3	363.7	358.8
Refined production ('000 tonnes)
Escondida	30 %	14.6	14.0	14.0	16.4	19.9	28.2	36.4
Kennecott (b)	100 %	39.8	13.0	38.4	34.0	20.4	82.2	54.4
Rio Tinto total refined production		54.4	27.0	52.4	50.5	40.3	110.3	90.7
Copper production - consolidated basis ('000 tonnes)
Kennecott (b) - Production of refined metal		39.8	13.0	38.4	34.0	20.4	82.2	54.4
Escondida - Mill production (metal in concentrates) (c)		87.3	88.3	83.9	76.5	76.0	176.0	152.6
Escondida - Refined production from leach plants		14.6	14.0	14.0	16.4	19.9	28.2	36.4
Oyu Tolgoi - Metal in concentrates		86.8	89.2	103.9	101.6	96.9	152.0	198.5
Rio Tinto total production - consolidated basis		228.5	204.4	240.3	228.6	213.2	438.3	441.8

(b) We continue to process third party concentrate to optimise smelter utilisation, including 13 thousand tonnes of cathode produced from purchased concentrate in Q2 2026. Purchased and tolled copper concentrates are excluded from reported production figures and guidance. Sales of cathodes produced from purchased concentrate are included in reported revenues.

(c) Mill production was previously reported together with recoverable copper in ore stacked for leaching as mined production.

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
DIAMONDS
Production ('000 carats)
Diavik	100 %	1,238	1,137	1,112	1,041	33	2,179	1,074

GOLD
Metal in concentrates production ('000 ounces) (a)
Bingham Canyon	100 %	36.5	19.0	37.6	36.3	20.4	61.2	56.6
Escondida	30 %	12.1	10.6	9.6	15.7	11.9	25.4	27.7
Oyu Tolgoi	66 %	64.4	91.2	104.7	81.2	84.0	105.0	165.2
Rio Tinto total mine production		112.9	120.8	151.9	133.3	116.3	191.6	249.5
Refined production ('000 ounces)
Kennecott (b)	100 %	32.1	19.4	31.3	37.9	21.5	66.0	59.4

Rio Tinto share of production

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

IRON ORE
Production ('000 tonnes) (a)
Hamersley mines	(b)	57,422	58,574	63,972	55,828	57,369	107,059	113,197
Hope Downs	50 %	5,206	4,742	4,819	4,074	4,607	8,814	8,681
Iron Ore Company of Canada	59 %	2,488	2,348	2,187	2,023	1,714	4,805	3,737
Robe River - Pannawonica (Mesas J and A)	53 %	3,960	3,588	4,077	3,618	4,145	7,498	7,763
Robe River - West Angelas	53 %	4,472	4,917	4,436	4,246	4,817	7,780	9,062
Simandou	45% (g)	0	0	1,023	257	297	0	554
Rio Tinto iron ore production ('000 tonnes) (a)		73,548	74,168	80,515	70,045	72,949	135,956	142,994
Breakdown of Production:
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Lump (c)		23,186	24,003	25,557	22,326	23,487	42,571	45,812
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Fines (c)		32,970	33,357	35,974	31,468	32,455	60,830	63,924
Robe Valley Lump		1,679	1,663	1,672	1,539	1,714	3,216	3,253
Robe Valley Fines		2,280	1,924	2,405	2,079	2,431	4,282	4,510
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)		10,944	10,873	11,697	10,354	10,850	20,253	21,204
Pilbara iron ore production ('000 tonnes)		71,060	71,820	77,305	67,766	70,937	131,151	138,703
IOC Concentrate		1,179	936	785	1,010	442	2,127	1,452
IOC Pellets		1,309	1,411	1,402	1,013	1,272	2,678	2,285
IOC iron ore production ('000 tonnes)		2,488	2,348	2,187	2,023	1,714	4,805	3,737
Simandou iron ore production ('000 tonnes) (f)	45% (g)	0	0	1,023	257	297	0	554
Sales ('000 tonnes)
Breakdown of Sales:
Pilbara Blend Lump		11,159	17,668	19,081	14,976	17,832	20,933	32,808
Pilbara Blend Fines		21,520	33,353	34,602	27,792	33,501	40,345	61,293
Robe Valley Lump		1,385	1,330	1,371	1,173	1,503	2,544	2,676
Robe Valley Fines		2,638	2,233	2,615	2,276	2,909	4,870	5,184
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)		10,636	10,764	12,421	8,485	11,284	19,986	19,768
SP10 Lump (c)		8,324	2,938	3,637	2,744	2,314	16,441	5,058
SP10 Fines (c)		12,459	3,155	4,975	3,740	2,831	23,864	6,571
Pilbara iron ore sales ('000 tonnes) (d)		68,120	71,441	78,702	61,186	72,173	128,982	133,359
Pilbara iron ore sales - consolidated basis ('000 tonnes) (d) (e)		69,985	73,431	80,586	62,998	74,197	132,523	137,195
IOC Concentrate		1,276	1,056	837	676	653	1,922	1,329
IOC Pellets		1,382	1,306	1,376	1,258	1,203	2,737	2,461
IOC Iron ore sales ('000 tonnes) (d)		2,658	2,363	2,212	1,934	1,856	4,659	3,790
Simandou iron ore sales ('000 tonnes) (h)	45% (g)	0	0	0	0	190	0	190

(a) Mine production figures for metals refer to the total quantity of metal produced in concentrates, leach liquor or doré bullion irrespective of whether these products are then refined onsite, except for the data for bauxite and iron ore which represent production of marketable quantities of ore plus concentrates and pellets. Iron Ore production for Pilbara operations and Iron Ore Company of Canada refers to saleable production (after crushing, screening and beneficiation). For Simandou, it represents ore ready for train loading at the SimFer mine gate: final (tertiary) crushing of Simandou ore takes place in China There is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales; this accounts for time for railing of ore to the port in Guinea, shipping to China and tertiary crushing in China.

(b) Includes 100% of production from Paraburdoo, Mt Tom Price, Western Turner Syncline, Marandoo, Yandicoogina, Brockman, Nammuldi, Silvergrass, Channar, Gudai-Darri, Eastern Range and Western Range mines. Whilst Rio Tinto owns 54% of the Eastern Range and the Western Range mines, under the terms of the joint venture agreement, Hamersley Iron manages the operation and is obliged to purchase all mine production from the joint venture and therefore all of the production is included in Rio Tinto's share of production.

(d) Sales includes material shipped to our portside trading facility in China which may not be sold onwards in the same period.

(e) While Rio Tinto has a 53% net beneficial interest in Robe River Iron Associates, it recognises 65% of the assets, liabilities, sales revenues and expenses in its accounts (as 30% is held through a 60% owned subsidiary and 35% is held through a 100% owned subsidiary). The consolidated basis sales reported here include Robe River Iron Associates on a 65% basis to enable comparison with revenue reported in the financial statements.

(f) Simandou production represents ore at the SimFer mine gate before train loading. Final crushing is undertaken in China, hence, Simandou mine gate production is not considered to be saleable production.

(g) Represents the Rio Tinto equity share of SimFer Jersey (53% owned by Rio Tinto), which owns 85% of the SimFer mine (Blocks 3&4).

(h) There is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales for railing, shipping to China and tertiary crushing.

Rio Tinto share of production

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
LITHIUM
Production ('000 tonnes)
Lithium carbonate	(a)	11.4	11.2	13.9	12.4	13.9	15.5	26.2
Lithium hydroxide	100 %	5.3	6.0	5.1	5.5	5.3	7.2	10.9
Spodumene	100 %	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.1	0.0
Other lithium specialities (LCE)	100 %	1.4	1.7	1.3	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.8
Total lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) production (b)		12.2	12.5	15.4	12.7	14.6	17.8 (c)	27.3
(a) Lithium carbonate quantities reflect Rio Tinto's 66.5% ownership in Olaroz, 100% ownership in Fénix
(b) The lithium value chain is vertically integrated and as a result production volumes are not additive. Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) is derived from volumes of lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, and spodumene concentrate. These compounds are used as feedstock in downstream production.
(c) H1 2025 represents production since March following completion of the Arcadium acquisition. Q1 2025 LCE production was 5.6kt (6.5kt on a 100% basis); LCE shipments were 3.8kt (5.0kt on a 100% basis).

MOLYBDENUM
Mine production ('000 tonnes) (a)
Bingham Canyon	100 %	1.1	1.3	1.7	2.5	1.5	2.2	4.0


SALT
Production ('000 tonnes)
Dampier Salt	68 %	1,375	1,197	1,342	951	1,176	2,211	2,127

SILVER
Metal in concentrates production ('000 tonnes) (a)
Bingham Canyon	100 %	539	282	556	536	287	896	823
Escondida	30 %	572	583	653	834	658	1,108	1,492
Oyu Tolgoi	66 %	363	369	441	406	392	629	798
Rio Tinto total mine production		1,474	1,233	1,650	1,777	1,336	2,632	3,113
Refined production ('000 ounces)
Kennecott (b)	100 %	509	254	439	632	327	1,145	958

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
TITANIUM DIOXIDE SLAG
Production ('000 tonnes)
Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium (a)	100 %	269	261	222	218	227	491	445

(a) Quantities comprise 100% of Rio Tinto Fer et Titane and Rio Tinto's 74% interest in Richards Bay Minerals (RBM).

Production figures are sometimes more precise than the rounded numbers shown, hence small differences may result between the total of the quarter figures and the year to date figures.

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

ALUMINA
Smelter Grade Alumina - Aluminium Group
Alumina production ('000 tonnes)
Australia
Queensland Alumina Refinery - Queensland	80 %	874	871	887	839	859	1,730	1,698
Yarwun refinery - Queensland	100 %	653	743	781	724	695	1,418	1,419
Brazil
São Luis (Alumar) refinery	10 %	926	984	984	977	973	1,827	1,950
Canada
Jonquière (Vaudreuil) refinery - Quebec (a)	100 %	340	323	351	349	322	695	671

(a) Jonquière's (Vaudreuil's) production shows smelter grade alumina only and excludes hydrate produced and used for specialty alumina.

Speciality Alumina - Aluminium Group
Speciality alumina production ('000 tonnes)
Canada
Jonquière (Vaudreuil) plant - Quebec	100 %	30	26	29	28	28	55	56

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

ALUMINIUM
Primary Aluminium
Primary aluminium production ('000 tonnes)
Australia
Bell Bay smelter - Tasmania	100 %	48	49	48	47	47	94	94
Boyne Island smelter - Queensland	74 %	125	127	127	124	125	250	249
Tomago smelter - New South Wales	52 %	141	145	148	141	143	282	284
Canada
Alma smelter - Quebec	100 %	120	122	123	120	122	239	242
Alouette (Sept-Îles) smelter - Quebec	40 %	154	149	158	158	159	309	316
Arvida smelter - Quebec	100 %	36	34	24	20	13	71	33
Arvida AP60 smelter - Quebec	100 %	15	15	16	15	17	30	31
Bécancour smelter - Quebec	25 %	120	118	119	117	117	233	234
Grande-Baie smelter - Quebec	100 %	56	58	58	57	57	113	114
Kitimat smelter - British Columbia	100 %	102	103	101	105	108	202	213
Laterrière smelter - Quebec	100 %	62	64	63	62	62	124	124
Iceland
ISAL (Reykjavik) smelter	100 %	51	51	52	52	53	99	104
New Zealand
Tiwai Point smelter	100 %	75	82	83	82	83	149	165
Oman
Sohar smelter	20 %	101	101	100	99	102	200	201
Recycled Aluminium
Recycled aluminium production ('000 tonnes)
Matalco	50 %	147	135	124	121	140	279	261

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

BAUXITE
Bauxite production ('000 tonnes)
Australia
Gove mine - Northern Territory	100 %	3,303	3,244	3,040	3,109	3,229	6,444	6,338
Weipa mine - Queensland	100 %	9,637	10,788	10,021	7,903	9,407	18,654	17,309
Brazil
Porto Trombetas (MRN) mine	22 %	3,071	3,134	2,997	2,379	2,627	5,428	5,005
Guinea
Sangaredi mine (a)	23 %	4,506	3,712	3,725	3,880	4,414	9,595	8,293

Rio Tinto share of bauxite shipments
Share of total bauxite shipments ('000 tonnes)		15,670	16,396	15,102	13,427	15,305	30,060	28,732
Share of third party bauxite shipments ('000 tonnes) (b)		11,302	11,843	10,638	9,221	10,614	21,288	19,835

(a) Rio Tinto has a 22.95% shareholding in the Sangaredi mine but benefits from 45.0% of production.

(b) Sangaredi's third-party bauxite shipments for 2025 and Q1 2026 were restated following a reclassification between internal and third-party shipments. Internal shipments are now reported on a 100% basis, with Rio Tinto's share at 45% in line with the offtake arrangement. This has no impact on total bauxite shipments. A 3% humidity adjustment has also now been incorporated.

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
BORATES
US
Borates ('000 tonnes) (a)	100 %	132	128	124	128	137	249	265

(a) Production is expressed as B₂O₃ content.

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
COPPER & GOLD
Escondida	30 %
Chile
Sulphide ore to concentrator ('000 tonnes)		36,490	36,721	35,628	34,225	35,862	69,379	70,088
Average copper grade (%)		0.95	0.94	0.91	0.88	0.85	1.01	0.86

Contained copper ('000 tonnes)		291.0	294.2	279.7	255.1	253.5	586.6	508.5
Contained gold ('000 ounces)		40.3	35.3	31.9	52.5	39.7	84.8	92.2
Contained silver ('000 ounces)		1,906	1,942	2,176	2,780	2,193	3,693	4,973
Recoverable copper in ore stacked for leaching ('000 tonnes) (a)		30.3	28.1	20.0	40.7	27.3	63.8	68.0
Refined production from leach plants:
Copper cathode production ('000 tonnes)		48.7	46.5	46.7	54.8	66.4	93.9	121.2
Sales of metals:
Copper in concentrates ('000 tonnes) (b)		286	258	278	252	234	595	486
Copper cathode ('000 tonnes)		53	38	50	50	72	100	122
Gold ('000 ounces) (b)		40	35	32	52	40	85	92
Silver ('000 ounces) (b)		1,906	1,942	2,176	2,780	2,193	3,693	4,973

(a) The calculation of copper in material mined for leaching is based on ore stacked at the leach pad.
(b) Payable metals in concentrates

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

COPPER & GOLD (continued)
Kennecott
Bingham Canyon mine	100 %
Utah, US
Ore treated ('000 tonnes)		10,630	5,928	11,249	10,168	6,640	19,969	16,808
Average ore grade:
Copper (%)		0.45	0.37	0.41	0.41	0.36	0.40	0.39
Gold (g/t)		0.17	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.13	0.15	0.15
Silver (g/t)		2.21	2.11	2.31	2.32	1.95	2.03	2.17
Molybdenum (%)		0.031	0.047	0.027	0.046	0.049	0.030	0.047
Copper concentrates produced ('000 tonnes)		175	75	162	152	83	306	236
Average concentrate grade (% Cu)		23.3	24.6	23.2	22.8	24.2	22.3	23.3
Production of metals in copper concentrates:
Copper ('000 tonnes) (a)		40.7	18.5	38.4	34.7	20.2	68.3	54.9
Gold ('000 ounces)		36.5	19.0	37.6	36.3	20.4	61.2	56.6
Silver ('000 ounces)		539	282	556	536	287	896	823
Molybdenum concentrates produced ('000 tonnes):		2.7	3.3	4.2	5.7	3.7	5.1	9.4
Molybdenum in concentrates ('000 tonnes)		1.1	1.3	1.7	2.5	1.5	2.2	4.0

Kennecott smelter & refinery	100 %
Copper concentrates smelted ('000 tonnes)		123	131	194	98	167	286	265
Copper anodes produced ('000 tonnes) (b)		33.6	27.8	37.9	19.7	25.4	69.7	45.1
Production of refined metal:
Copper ('000 tonnes) (c)		39.8	13.0	38.4	34.0	20.4	82.2	54.4
Gold ('000 ounces) (d)		32.1	19.4	31.3	37.9	21.5	66.0	59.4
Silver ('000 ounces) (d)		509	254	439	632	327	1,145	958
Sales of refined metal:
Copper ('000 tonnes) (c)		41.7	10.2	41.9	33.4	20.9	82.4	54.3
Gold ('000 ounces)		30.8	17.7	29.7	36.0	20.8	64.5	56.8
Silver ('000 ounces)		500	230	427	604	328	1,125.3	932.0

(a) Includes a small amount of copper in precipitates.
(b) New metal excluding recycled material.
(c) We continue to process third party concentrate to optimise smelter utilisation, including 13 thousand tonnes of cathode produced from purchased concentrate in Q2 2026. Purchased and tolled copper concentrates are excluded from reported production figures and guidance. Sales of cathodes produced from purchased concentrate are included in reported revenues.
(d) Includes gold and silver in intermediate products.

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

COPPER & GOLD (continued)

Oyu Tolgoi mine	66 %
Mongolia
Ore Treated ('000 tonnes) - Open Pit		6,836	7,282	7,926	7,334	6,639	14,305	13,973
Ore Treated ('000 tonnes) - Underground		3,198	2,870	3,406	3,500	3,263	5,632	6,763
Ore Treated ('000 tonnes) - Total		10,034	10,153	11,332	10,834	9,902	19,937	20,736
Average mill head grades:
Open Pit
Copper (%)		0.47	0.54	0.55	0.54	0.53	0.44	0.53
Gold (g/t)		0.37	0.58	0.62	0.46	0.52	0.30	0.49
Silver (g/t)		1.07	1.13	1.16	1.08	1.11	1.04	1.10
Underground
Copper (%)		2.13	2.16	2.20	2.16	2.28	2.09	2.22
Gold (g/t)		0.61	0.63	0.59	0.61	0.61	0.58	0.61
Silver (g/t)		4.75	4.87	4.94	4.81	4.98	4.63	4.89
Total
Copper (%)		1.00	1.00	1.05	1.06	1.11	0.91	1.08
Gold (g/t)		0.44	0.59	0.61	0.51	0.55	0.38	0.53
Silver (g/t)		2.24	2.19	2.29	2.29	2.38	2.05	2.33
Copper concentrates produced ('000 tonnes)		381.6	394.9	464.3	465.3	406.6	684.9	871.9
Average concentrate grade (% Cu)		22.7	22.6	22.4	21.8	23.8	22.2	22.8
Production of metals in concentrates:
Copper in concentrates ('000 tonnes)		86.8	89.2	103.9	101.6	96.9	152.0	198.5
Gold in concentrates ('000 ounces)		97.5	138.2	158.6	123.1	127.3	159.0	250.4
Silver in concentrates ('000 ounces)		550	559	668	616	594	952	1,210
Sales of metals in concentrates (a):
Copper in concentrates ('000 tonnes)		86.4	80.9	92.4	105.1	98.8	144.0	203.8
Gold in concentrates ('000 ounces)		92.8	121.2	144.2	137.5	127.7	148.7	265.1
Silver in concentrates ('000 ounces)		514	474	557	614	568	852	1,181.8

(a) Sales of metals in concentrates refer to the payable metals in concentrates collected by customers from the Mongolia/China border.

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026

DIAMONDS
Diavik Diamonds	100 %
Northwest Territories, Canada
Ore processed ('000 tonnes)		511	515	489	442	-	905	442
Diamonds recovered ('000 carats)		1,238	1,137	1,112	1,041	33	2,179	1,074

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
IRON ORE
Rio Tinto Iron Ore
Western Australia
Pilbara Operations
Saleable iron ore production ('000 tonnes)
Hamersley mines	(a)	57,422	58,574	63,972	55,828	57,369	107,059	113,197
Hope Downs	50 %	10,413	9,484	9,639	8,148	9,214	17,629	17,362
Robe River - Pannawonica (Mesas J and A)	53 %	7,471	6,769	7,693	6,826	7,820	14,148	14,646
Robe River - West Angelas	53 %	8,437	9,276	8,370	8,011	9,088	14,679	17,099
Total production ('000 tonnes)		83,743	84,104	89,674	78,813	83,491	153,514	162,304
Breakdown of total production:
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Lump (b)		27,374	28,545	29,678	26,031	27,644	49,826	53,674
Pilbara Blend and SP10 Fines (b)		37,954	37,917	40,606	35,603	37,176	69,288	72,779
Robe Valley Lump		3,169	3,138	3,155	2,903	3,234	6,067	6,137
Robe Valley Fines		4,303	3,631	4,538	3,923	4,586	8,080	8,509
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)		10,944	10,873	11,697	10,354	10,850	20,253	21,204
Breakdown of total shipments:
Pilbara Blend Lump		12,967	21,142	21,362	16,799	20,858	24,964	37,658
Pilbara Blend Fines		25,849	38,477	39,448	32,170	37,831	48,283	70,001
Robe Valley Lump		2,614	2,510	2,588	2,214	2,835	4,800	5,049
Robe Valley Fines		4,977	4,214	4,934	4,294	5,488	9,188	9,782
Yandicoogina Fines (HIY)		10,636	10,764	12,421	8,485	11,284	19,986	19,768
SP10 Lump (b)		9,216	3,643	4,720	3,996	3,559	18,022	7,555
SP10 Fines (b)		13,629	3,597	5,787	4,430	3,409	25,385	7,839
Total shipments ('000 tonnes) (c)		79,887	84,346	91,259	72,387	85,264	150,627	157,651

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
Iron Ore Company of Canada	59 %
Newfoundland & Labrador and Quebec in Canada
Saleable iron ore production:
Concentrates ('000 tonnes)		2,008	1,594	1,337	1,720	753	3,622	2,473
Pellets ('000 tonnes)		2,229	2,403	2,388	1,724	2,166	4,560	3,891
IOC Total production ('000 tonnes)		4,237	3,998	3,725	3,444	2,919	8,182	6,364
Shipments:
Concentrates ('000 tonnes)		2,173	1,799	1,425	1,151	1,112	3,273	2,263
Pellets ('000 tonnes)		2,353	2,225	2,343	2,143	2,049	4,662	4,192
IOC Total Shipments ('000 tonnes) (c)		4,526	4,024	3,768	3,294	3,161	7,935	6,455
Simandou	45% (e)
Simandou iron ore production ('000 tonnes) (d)		0	0	2,271	570	660	0	1,230
Simandou iron ore sales ('000 tonnes)		0	0	0	0	422	0	422
Global Iron Ore Totals
Iron Ore Production ('000 tonnes) (f)		87,980	88,102	95,670	82,828	87,070	161,697	169,898
Iron Ore Sales ('000 tonnes) (g)		84,414	88,369	95,027	75,681	88,847	158,562	164,528

(a) Includes 100% of production from Paraburdoo, Mt Tom Price, Western Turner Syncline, Marandoo, Yandicoogina, Brockman, Nammuldi, Silvergrass, Channar, Gudai-Darri, Eastern Range and Western Range mines. Whilst Rio Tinto owns 54% of the Eastern Range and the Western Range mines, under the terms of the joint venture agreement, Hamersley Iron manages the operation and is obliged to purchase all mine production from the joint venture and therefore all of the production is included in Rio Tinto's share of production.

(b) SP10 includes other lower grade products.

(c) Sales includes material shipped to our portside trading facility in China which may not be sold onwards in the same period.

(d) Simandou production represents crushed ore at the SimFer mine gate before train loading. Final crushing is undertaken in China, hence, Simandou mine gate production is not considered to be saleable production. There is 7.6Mt (100% SimFer) stockpiled uncrushed ore at the Simfer mine.

(e) Represents Rio Tinto's equity share of SimFer Jersey (53% owned by Rio Tinto), which owns 85% of the SimFer mine (Blocks 3&4).

(f) Iron Ore production for Pilbara operations and Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) refers to saleable production (after crushing, screening and beneficiation). For Simandou, it represents ore ready for train loading at the SimFer mine gate: final (tertiary) crushing of Simandou ore takes place in China.

(g) Includes all shipments from Pilbara and IOC, including those to our Portside trading business; excludes shipments from our Portside trading business. It also includes Simandou sales, where there is a ~2-3 month lag between mine gate production and sales for railing, shipping to China and tertiary crushing.

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

Rio Tinto operational data

	Rio Tinto interest	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q1 2026	Q2 2026	H1 2025	H1 2026
LITHIUM
Lithium production ('000 tonnes)
Lithium carbonate (a)	(a)	13.9	14.0	17.1	14.9	16.4	18.9	31.3
Lithium hydroxide	100 %	5.3	6.0	5.1	5.5	5.3	7.2	10.9
Spodumene	100 %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.1	0.0
Other lithium specialities (LCE)	100 %	1.4	2.1	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.8
Total lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) production (b)		14.6	15.2	18.4	15.3	17.1	21.2 (c)	32.3
Third party shipments ('000 tonnes)
Lithium carbonate (a)	(a)	6.2	11.5	14.9	9.8	10.4	9.9	20.2
Lithium hydroxide	100 %	4.9	4.6	6.4	4.1	4.8	6.1	8.9
Spodumene	100 %	22.6	30.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	22.6	0.0
Other lithium specialities (LCE)	100 %	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.3
Total lithium carbonate equivalent shipments ('000 LCE)		14.2	20.2	21.4	14.2	15.7	19.2 (c)	29.9
(a) Lithium carbonate quantities reflect our 100% share of Olaroz shipments, of which Rio Tinto's ownership is 66.5%.
(b) The lithium value chain is vertically integrated and as a result production volumes are not additive. Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) is derived from volumes of lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, and spodumene concentrate. These compounds are used as feedstock in downstream production.
(c) H1 2025 represents production since March following completion of the Arcadium acquisition. Q1 2025 LCE production was 5.6kt (6.5kt on a 100% basis); LCE shipments were 3.8kt (5.0kt on a 100% basis).

SALT
Dampier Salt (a)	68 %
Western Australia
Salt production ('000 tonnes)		2,012	1,751	1,963	1,392	1,720	3,235	3,111

TITANIUM DIOXIDE SLAG
Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium	100 %
Canada and South Africa
(Rio Tinto share) (a)
Titanium dioxide slag ('000 tonnes)		269	261	222	218	227	491	445

(a) Quantities comprise 100% of Rio Tinto Fer et Titane and Rio Tinto's 74% interest in Richards Bay Minerals' production. Ilmenite mined in Madagascar is being processed in Canada.

Rio Tinto percentage interest shown above is at 30 June 2026. The data represents production and sales on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated.

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