Half Yearly Report - Part 3

RNS Number : 9700N
Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC
01 August 2014
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 1

 

Capital and risk management


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Presentation of information

2

General overview

2

 

Capital management

Capital and leverage ratios

4

Capital resources

5

Leverage exposure

9

Risk-weighted assets

11

 

Liquidity and funding risk

Overview

14

Liquidity risk

15

Funding risk

17

Encumbrance

19

 

Credit risk

Financial assets

23

Loans and related credit metrics

28

Debt securities

32

Derivatives

34

Problem debt management

35

Key loan portfolios

39

Credit risk assets

51

 

Market risk

Trading portfolios

56

Non-trading portfolios

59

 

Country risk

Overview

61

Summary of country exposures

63



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Presentation of information

The assets of disposal groups are presented as a single line in the consolidated balance sheet as required by IFRS. The risk and balance sheet management disclosures include the balances and exposures of disposal groups.

 

General overview*

RBS's main risks are described in 'Risk and balance sheet management - Risk coverage' in the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts. The following table presents a summary of the key developments for each risk during 2014.

 

Risk type

2014 developments and summary

Capital adequacy risk

The capital position continued to improve with CET 1 ratio at 10.1 %, up from 8.6% at the year end reflecting continuing reductions in risk-weighted assets primarily in CIB and RCR, lower regulatory capital deductions relating to deferred tax assets and expected loss, and attributable profit.

Liquidity and funding risk

Liquidity metrics remained strong: the liquid portfolio of £138 billion covering short-term wholesale funding more than four times, LCR improving to 104%, NSFR at 111% and the stressed coverage ratio improved significantly to over 170%.

Credit risk

Balance sheet credit exposures after credit mitigation and enhancement, decreased by 7% to £333 billion and credit risk RWAs fell by £35 billion, 10%, reflecting risk reduction. Impairment provisions of £22 billion covered risk elements in lending of £34 billion by 66%. Favourable credit conditions resulted in impairment charges for the half year being significantly lower than in recent periods with net recoveries in RCR and CIB.

Market risk

Average trading VaR for the first half of 2014 was about a third of that in the first half of 2013, reflecting risk reduction and the effect of incorporating credit valuation and funding valuation adjustments into VaR models.

Country risk

Net balance sheet exposure to eurozone periphery countries was reduced by £1.5 billion, 4%, to £40.3 billion in the first half of the year. Total exposure to Russia was £2.1 billion: limits have been cut and credit restrictions introduced.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

General overview* (continued)

 

Risk type

2014 developments and summary

Conduct risk

Business models, strategies and products continued to be reviewed to ensure better customer outcomes. Synergies with other risk disciplines were also developed to enable the consistent identification, assessment and mitigation of conduct risks.

Pension risk

RBS concluded discussions with the Trustee of the RBS Group Pension Fund, agreeing the technical provisions basis and a schedule of contributions for the 2013 funding valuation. Additionally, stress tests were carried out under scenarios designed to meet PRA and European Banking Authority (EBA) requirements.

Operational risk

RBS's operational risk framework was further enhanced. The main focus remained on supporting improvements in risk management, specifically strengthened risk assessments through defining and implementing an end-to-end approach for the most material operational risks.

Regulatory risk

Regulatory risk remained a high priority and RBS continued to work through a number of legacy issues. RBS also implemented an increasing number of regulatory changes such as Basel III and Dodd Frank.

Reputational risk

A Reputational Risk Forum was created to identify issues involving material reputational risk. On 1 July 2014, a new Head of Reputational Risk was appointed whose responsibilities include building a new framework to manage reputational risk.

Business risk

RBS moved towards simplifying and functionalising its organisation and management structure to help reduce risk. There was also a focus on strengthening its stress testing capability. In particular, it is anticipated that finalisation of the stress testing programmes of the Bank of England and the EBA will enhance management and measurement of business risk.

Strategic risk

RBS continued to develop its framework for the identification and management of the most material risks to its strategic plan. A new "Top Risk" approach assesses both the likelihood and impact of significant threats, and develops agreed mitigations. These are reviewed by the Board at least on a quarterly basis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Capital management

 

Introduction

The Group aims to maintain a level of capital to meet two objectives: (i) meeting minimum regulatory capital requirements; and (ii) ensuring the Group maintains sufficient capital to uphold customer, investor and rating agency confidence in the organisation, thereby supporting the business franchise and funding capacity.

 

Capital and leverage ratios*








30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Current

CRR



Estimated



transitional

end-point


Transitional

CRR end-

Basel 2.5


PRA basis

basis (1)


PRA basis

point basis (1)

 basis

Capital

£bn

£bn


£bn

£bn

£bn








CET1

39.7 

39.7 


36.8 

36.8 

42.2 

Tier 1

47.3 

39.7 


44.3 

36.8 

50.6 

Total

61.2 

48.7 


58.2 

45.5 

63.7 








RWAs by risk














Credit risk







  - non-counterparty

283.3 

283.3 


317.9 

317.9 

291.1 

  - counterparty

38.6 

38.6 


39.1 

39.1 

22.3 

Market risk

33.4 

33.4 


30.3 

30.3 

30.3 

Operational risk

36.8 

36.8 


41.8 

41.8 

41.8 









392.1 

392.1 


429.1 

429.1 

385.5 








Risk asset ratios

%

%


%

%

%








CET1

10.1 

10.1 


8.6 

8.6 

10.9 

Tier 1

12.1 

10.1 


10.3 

8.6 

13.1 

Total

15.6 

12.4 


13.6 

10.6 

16.5 

 










30 June



31 December


Estimated BCBS leverage ratios (2)


2014 



2013 









Tier 1 capital - £bn


39.7 



36.8 


Exposure - £bn


1,070.2 



1,082.0 


Leverage ratio - %


3.7 



3.4 


 

Notes:

(1)

CRR as implemented by the Prudential Regulation Authority in the UK, with effect from 1 January 2014.

(2)

Leverage ratio is calculated using:

·     CRR end-point Tier 1 capital; and

·     Exposure measure based on guidance in the BCBS 270 proposal issued in January 2014, supplemented by the instructions in the March 2014 Basel III Quantitative Impact Study (QIS) and the related FAQs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Capital and leverage ratios* (continued)

 

Key points

·

CET1 ratio improved by 150 basis points in the first half of the year, of which 70 basis points was in the second quarter reflecting attributable profit after charging the initial DAS dividend (£320 million), reduction in RWAs and lower regulatory deductions for deferred tax assets and expected loss.



·

RWAs declined by £37 billion with £22 billion in the second quarter mainly in CIB reflecting continued risk reduction and in RCR due to run-off and disposals.



·

Attributable profit as well as lower leverage exposure in CIB resulted in a 30 basis point improvement in the estimated BCBS leverage ratio in the first half of the year.

 

Capital resources








30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Current

CRR



Estimated



transitional

end-point


Transitional

CRR end-

Basel 2.5

basis

basis


PRA basis

point basis

 basis


£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 








Shareholders' equity (excluding non-controlling interests)







 Shareholders' equity

60,345 

60,345 


58,742 

58,742 

58,742 

 Preference shares - equity

(4,313)

(4,313)


(4,313)

(4,313)

(4,313)

 Other equity instruments

(979)

(979)


(979)

(979)

(979)


55,053 

55,053 


53,450 

53,450 

53,450 








Non-controlling interests


473 








Regulatory adjustments and deductions







 Own credit

629 

629 


601 

601 

726 

 Defined benefit pension fund adjustment

(196)

(196)


(172)

(172)

362 

 Net unrealised available-for-sale (AFS) losses


308 

 Cash flow hedging reserve

(94)

(94)


84 

84 

84 

 Deferred tax assets

(1,748)

(1,748)


(2,260)

(2,260)

 Prudential valuation adjustments

(486)

(486)


(781)

(781)

 Goodwill and other intangible assets

(12,173)

(12,173)


(12,368)

(12,368)

(12,368)

 Expected losses less impairment provisions

(1,319)

(1,319)


(1,731)

(1,731)

(19)

 50% of securitisation positions


(748)

 Other regulatory adjustments

69 

69 


(55)

(55)

(103)


(15,318)

(15,318)


(16,682)

(16,682)

(11,758)








CET 1 capital

39,735 

39,735 


36,768 

36,768 

42,165 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Capital resources (continued)

 


30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Current

CRR



Estimated



transitional

end-point


Transitional

CRR end-

Basel 2.5

basis

basis


PRA basis

point basis

 basis


£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 








Other Tier 1 capital







 Preference shares - equity


4,313 

 Preference shares - debt


911 

 Innovative/hybrid Tier 1 securities


4,207 

 Qualifying Tier 1 capital and related share premium subject







   to phase out from Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital

5,820 


5,831 

 Qualifying Tier 1 capital included in consolidated AT1 capital







   issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties

1,708 


1,749 


7,528 


7,580 

9,431 








Tier 1 deductions







 50% of material holdings


(976)

 Tax on expected losses less impairment provisions




(970)








Tier 1 capital

47,263 

39,735 


44,348 

36,768 

50,626 















Qualifying Tier 2 capital







 Undated subordinated debt


2,109 

 Dated subordinated debt - net of amortisation


12,436 

 Qualifying items and related share premium

5,740 

5,145 


4,431 

3,582 

 Qualifying own funds instruments issued by subsidiaries







   and held by third parties

8,222 

3,815 


9,374 

5,151 

 Unrealised gains on AFS equity shares


114 

 Collectively assessed impairment provisions


395 


13,962 

8,960 


13,805 

8,733 

15,054 








Tier 2 deductions







 50% of securitisation positions


(748)

 Expected losses less impairment provisions


(25)

 50% of material holdings


(976)



(1,749)








Tier 2 capital

13,962 

8,960 


13,805 

8,733 

13,305 








Supervisory deductions







 Unconsolidated investments


(36)

 Other deductions


(236)



(272)















Total regulatory capital

61,225 

48,695 


58,153 

45,501 

63,659 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Capital resources (continued)

 

Capital flow statement*

The table below analyses the movement in CRR end-point CET1 and Tier 2 capital for the half year ended 30 June 2014.

 


CET1

Tier 2

Total


£m

£m

£m





At 1 January 2014

36,768 

8,733 

45,501 

Attributable profit net of movements in fair value of own credit

1,453 

1,453 

Share capital and reserve movements in respect of employee share schemes

(33)

(33)

Ordinary shares issued

315 

315 

Foreign exchange reserve

(728)

(728)

AFS reserves

446 

446 

Decrease in goodwill and intangibles deduction

195 

195 

Deferred tax assets (DTA)

512 

512 

Prudential valuation adjustments (PVA)

295 

295 

Excess of expected loss over impairment provisions (EL-P)

412 

412 

Dated subordinated debt issues

2,154 

2,154 

Net dated subordinated debt/grandfathered instrument

(1,528)

(1,528)

Foreign exchange movement

(399)

(399)

Other movements

100 

100 





At 30 June 2014

39,735 

8,960 

48,695 

 

 

Key points

·

RBS issued £820 million and £1,334 million of Tier 2 subordinated debt in Q1 and Q2 respectively. Following reviews, £2.1 billion of ineligible subordinated notes were removed from Tier 2 capital.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Capital resources (continued)

 

Notes:*

General:

In accordance with the PRA's Policy Statement PS7/2013 issued in December 2013 on the implementation of CRD IV, all regulatory adjustments and deductions to CET1 have been applied in full (without transition relief) with the exception of unrealised gains on AFS securities which will be included from 2015.


CRD IV and Basel III impose a minimum CET1 ratio of 4.5%. Further, CET1 requirements will be imposed through buffers in the CRD. There are three buffers that will affect the Group: the capital conservation buffer set at 2.5% of RWAs; the counter-cyclical capital buffer (up to 2.5% of RWAs), which will be calculated as the weighted average of the countercyclical capital buffer rates applied in the countries where the Group has relevant credit exposures; and the highest of Global-Systemically Important Institution (G-SII), Other-Systemically Important Institution (O-SII) or Systemic Risk Buffers set by the supervisory authorities. The Group has been provisionally allocated a G-SII buffer of 1.5%. The regulatory target capital requirements will be phased in through CRR, and are expected to apply in full from 1 January 2019. Until then, using national discretion the PRA can apply a top-up. As set out in the PRA's Supervisory Statement SS3/13, the Group and other major UK banks and building societies are required to maintain a CET1 ratio of 7%, after taking into account certain adjustments set by the PRA.


From 1 January 2015, the Group must meet at least 56% of its Pillar 2A capital requirement with CET1 capital and the balance with Additional Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 capital. The Pillar 2A capital requirement is the additional capital that the Group must hold, in addition to meeting its Pillar 1 requirements in order to comply with the PRA's overall financial adequacy rule.


Measures in relation to CRR end-point basis, including RWAs, are based on the current interpretation, expectations, and understanding, of the CRR requirements, as well as further regulatory clarity and implementation guidance from the UK and EU authorities. The actual CRR end-point impact may differ when the final technical standards are interpreted and adopted.

Capital base:

(1)

Own funds are based on shareholders' equity.

(2)

Includes the nominal value of B shares (£0.5 billion) on the assumption that RBS will be privatised in the future and that they will count as permanent equity in some form by the end of 2017.

(3)

The prudential valuation adjustment (PVA), arising from the application of the prudent valuation requirements to all assets measured at fair value, has been included in full. The PVA has been included in impairment provisions in the determination of the deduction from expected losses.

(4)

Where the deductions from AT1 capital exceed AT1 capital, the excess is deducted from CET1 capital. The excess of AT1 deductions over AT1 capital in year one of transition is due to the application of the current rules to the transitional amounts.

(5)

Insignificant investments in equities of other financial entities (net): long cash equity positions are considered to have matched maturity with synthetic short positions if the long position is held for hedging purposes and sufficient liquidity exists in the relevant market. All the trades are managed and monitored together within the equities business.

(6)

Based on our current interpretations of the Commission Delegated Regulation issued in December 2013 on credit risk adjustments, the Group's standardised latent provision has been reclassified to specific provision and is not included in Tier 2 capital.

Risk-weighted assets:

(1)

Current securitisation positions are shown as risk-weighted at 1,250%.

(2)

RWA uplifts include the impact of credit valuation adjustments (CVA) and asset valuation correlation (AVC) on banks and central counterparties.

(3)

RWAs reflect implementation of the full internal model method suite, and include methodology changes that took effect immediately on CRR implementation.

(4)

Non-financial counterparties and sovereigns that meet the eligibility criteria under CRR are exempt from the credit valuation adjustments volatility charges.

(5)

The CRR final text includes a reduction in the risk-weight relating to small and medium-sized enterprises.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Leverage exposure

 

Exposure summary*

The leverage exposure below is based on the BCBS 270 proposal issued in January 2014, with additional specificity deriving from the instructions in the March 2014 QIS and related FAQs. The BCBS 270 proposal is expected to be incorporated into the CRR but the final rules may result in changes to the calculation when implemented.

 

Exposure measure

30 June

31 December

2014 

2013 

£bn

£bn




Cash and balances at central banks

68.7 

82.7 

Reverse repos

81.7 

76.4 

Loans and advances

414.5 

418.4 

Debt securities

112.8 

113.6 

Equity shares

7.8 

8.8 

Derivatives

274.9 

288.0 

Goodwill and other intangible assets

12.2 

12.4 

Other assets

37.3 

24.6 

Assets of disposal groups

1.2 

3.0 




Total assets

1,011.1 

1,027.9 

Netting of derivatives (1)

(217.5)

(227.3)

Potential future exposure on derivatives (2)

102.5 

128.0 

SFTs (1)

77.5 

59.8 

Regulatory deductions and other adjustments (3)

(1.4)

(6.6)

Undrawn commitments (4)

98.0 

100.2 




Leverage exposure measure

1,070.2 

1,082.0 

 

Notes:

(1)

The BCBS proposal permits some limited netting for margin received against the replacement cost of derivatives, an additional gross securities financing transaction (SFT) calculation with more restrictive netting, but possible future benefit for trades against qualifying central counterparties. The notional amounts relating to sold credit protection are included in the exposure measure, offset by longer dated bought protection on the same contracts.

(2)

Potential future exposure (PFE) on derivatives: the regulatory add-on which is calculated by assigning percentages based on the type and residual maturity of the derivatives to nominal amounts or underlying values of derivative contracts. The element of PFE relating to credit derivatives sold is removed under the BCBS 270 proposal and replaced with the credit derivative notionals on protection sold per note (1).

(3)

Regulatory deductions: to ensure consistency between the leverage ratio numerator and the denominator, regulatory items that are deducted from capital are also deducted from the leverage exposure measure.

(4)

Undrawn commitments represent regulatory add-ons relating to off-balance sheet undrawn commitments based on the credit conversion factors of 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% being applied as applicable to the commitments. Refer to the following page for further analysis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Leverage exposure (continued)

 

Derivative notionals*

The table below analyses derivative notional values by product and maturity.

 


<1 year

1-5 years

>5 years

Credit derivative 5% add on factor (1)

Credit derivative 10% add on factor (1)

Total

30 June 2014

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn








Interest rate

13,522 

9,781 

5,758 



29,061 

Exchange rate

3,686 

628 

295 



4,609 

Equity

76 



78 

Commodities



Credit




209 

69 

278 








Total

17,285 

10,411 

6,054 

209 

69 

34,028 








31 December 2013














Interest rate

10,582 

16,212 

8,795 



35,589 

Exchange rate

3,261 

814 

480 



4,555 

Equity

43 

35 



79 

Commodities



Credit




189 

64 

253 








Total

13,886 

17,062 

9,277 

189 

64 

40,478 

 

Note:

(1)

Credit derivatives receive a PFE of 5% where qualifying and 10% where non-qualifying.

 


 

Off-balance sheet items*












Ulster

Commercial

Private






UK PBB

Bank

Banking

Banking

CIB

CFG

RCR

Centre

Total

30 June 2014

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn











Unconditionally cancellable items (1)

3.1 

0.1 

0.5 

0.1 

0.7 

1.7 

6.2 

Items with a 20% CCF

0.4 

0.7 

0.2 

2.3 

0.3 

0.1 

4.0 

Items with a 50% CCF

6.0 

1.4 

12.8 

1.3 

37.3 

6.8 

0.9 

2.5 

69.0 

Items with a 100% CCF

0.1 

0.4 

1.7 

0.9 

12.7 

1.5 

0.4 

1.2 

18.9 












9.6 

1.9 

15.7 

2.5 

53.0 

10.3 

1.3 

3.8 

98.1 











31 December 2013




















Unconditionally cancellable items (1)

3.1 

0.2 

0.4 

0.1 

0.7 

1.7 

6.2 

Items with a 20% CCF

0.4 

0.6 

0.6 

1.5 

0.2 

3.3 

Items with a 50% CCF

5.8 

1.0 

12.5 

1.0 

41.9 

7.1 

0.7 

2.7 

72.7 

Items with a 100% CCF

0.1 

0.3 

2.4 

1.4 

12.0 

1.6 

0.2 

18.0 












9.4 

1.5 

15.9 

3.1 

56.1 

10.6 

0.9 

2.7 

100.2 

 

Note:

(1)

Based on a 10% credit conversion factor.

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Risk-weighted assets*

The table below analyses the movement in credit risk RWAs by key drivers during the half year.


Credit risk


Non-counterparty 

Counterparty 

Total


£bn 

£bn 

£bn 





At 1 January 2014

317.9 

39.1 

357.0 

Foreign exchange movement

(3.8)

(3.8)

Business movements

(17.2)

(8.2)

(25.4)

Risk parameter changes (1)

(2.4)

(2.4)

Methodology changes (2)

(10.4)

5.1 

(5.3)

Model updates

(1.2)

(1.2)

Other changes

0.4 

2.6 

3.0 





At 30 June 2014

283.3 

38.6 

321.9 





Modelled (3)

191.2 

33.2 

224.4 

Non-modelled

92.1 

5.4 

97.5 






283.3 

38.6 

321.9 

 

The table below analyses movements in market and operational risk RWAs during the half year.




Market

Operational


risk

risk 


£bn 

£bn 




At 1 January 2014

30.3 

41.8 

Business and market movements

(8.8)

(5.0)

Methodology changes

11.9 




At 30 June 2014

33.4 

36.8 




Modelled (3)

15.9 

Non-modelled

17.5 

36.8 





33.4 

36.8 

 

Notes:

(1)

Changes in credit quality metrics of customers and counterparties such as probability of default and loss given default.

(2)

Technical adjustments and calibration of models.

(3)

Modelled refers to advanced internal ratings based (AIRB) for non-counterparty credit risk, internal model method (IMM) for counterparty credit risk, value-at-risk (VaR) and related models for market risk.

 

 

Key points

·

Business movements include exposure reductions in RCR and CIB.



·

Methodology changes include the transfer of £11.9 billion of RWAs from non-counterparty credit risk to market risk relating to trading book securitisations.



·

Operational risk is calculated on a three year average of income and the business and other movement reflects the annual recalculation.



·

Non-modelled or standardised (STD) credit risk RWAs principally comprised CFG (£56 billion); Private Banking (£10 billion); derivative and repo transactions undertaken by RBSSI, the broker-dealer; and certain securitisation exposures.



·

Increase in RWA density of bank exposures reflected the impact of CVA and AVC and those on structured entities related to RWA treatment, both relating to the implementation of CRD IV.

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Risk-weighted assets* (continued)

 

Credit risk: RWA density

Refer to the 2013 Pillar 3 Report for details on terminology. For the majority of credit risk, RBS used the internal ratings based (IRB) approach for calculating RWAs. The standardised approach (STD) is used for certain portfolios. RWAs at 30 June 2014 are under current rules and 31 December 2013 are on a Basel 2.5 basis.














EAD post CRM (1)


RWAs


RWA density


AIRB

STD

Total 


AIRB

STD

Total 


AIRB

STD

Total 

30 June 2014

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


%

%

%













Sector cluster












Sovereign












Central banks

41,702 

46,390 

88,092 


2,180 

127 

2,307 


Central government

16,860 

8,522 

25,382 


2,435 

2,442 


14 

10 

Other sovereign

5,012 

5,749 

10,761 


1,267 

197 

1,464 


25 

14 













Total sovereign

63,574 

60,661 

124,235 


5,882 

331 

6,213 














Financial institutions (FI)












Banks

41,416 

2,571 

43,987 


20,995 

621 

21,616 


51 

24 

49 

Other FI (2)

48,063 

23,977 

72,040 


19,043 

10,085 

29,128 


40 

42 

40 

SEs (3)

19,320 

3,271 

22,591 


11,245 

5,561 

16,806 


58 

170 

74 













Total FI

108,799 

29,819 

138,618 


51,283 

16,267 

67,550 


47 

55 

49 













Corporates












Property












  - Western Europe












    - UK

49,501 

3,388 

52,889 


24,963 

3,154 

28,117 


50 

93 

53 

    - Ireland

8,907 

46 

8,953 


1,705 

43 

1,748 


19 

93 

20 

    - Other

6,385 

123 

6,508 


3,461 

105 

3,566 


54 

85 

55 

  - US

1,687 

6,643 

8,330 


890 

6,653 

7,543 


53 

100 

91 

  - RoW

3,525 

271 

3,796 


2,272 

223 

2,495 


64 

82 

66 













Total property

70,005 

10,471 

80,476 


33,291 

10,178 

43,469 


48 

97 

54 

Natural resources

36,955 

2,891 

39,846 


15,840 

2,564 

18,404 


43 

89 

46 

Transport

32,053 

3,335 

35,388 


18,466 

3,168 

21,634 


58 

95 

61 

Manufacturing

29,979 

7,787 

37,766 


12,909 

7,626 

20,535 


43 

98 

54 

Retail and leisure

26,637 

7,906 

34,543 


16,008 

7,894 

23,902 


60 

100 

69 

Services

23,991 

8,232 

32,223 


14,319 

8,232 

22,551 


60 

100 

70 

TMT (4)

14,868 

2,249 

17,117 


7,849 

2,230 

10,079 


53 

99 

59 













Total corporates

234,488 

42,871 

277,359 


118,682 

41,892 

160,574 


51 

98 

58 













Personal












Mortgages












  - Western Europe












    - UK

113,427 

7,716 

121,143 


13,554 

3,031 

16,585 


12 

39 

14 

    - Ireland

16,279 

37 

16,316 


15,609 

16 

15,625 


96 

43 

96 

    - Other

227 

335 

562 


22 

128 

150 


10 

38 

27 

  - US

132 

18,999 

19,131 


13 

9,430 

9,443 


10 

50 

49 

  - RoW

439 

540 

979 


51 

206 

257 


12 

38 

26 













Total mortgages

130,504 

27,627 

158,131 


29,249 

12,811 

42,060 


22 

46 

27 

Other personal

32,338 

14,537 

46,875 


14,226 

10,715 

24,941 


44 

74 

53 













Total personal

162,842 

42,164 

205,006 


43,475 

23,526 

67,001 


27 

56 

33 

Other items

5,484 

16,468 

21,952 


4,095 

16,486 

20,581 


75 

100 

94 













Total

575,187 

191,983 

767,170 


223,417 

98,502 

321,919 


39 

51 

42 













For the notes to this table refer to the following page.







 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Risk-weighted assets*: Credit risk: RWA density (continued)

 


EAD post CRM (1)


RWAs


RWA density


AIRB

STD

Total 


AIRB

STD

Total 


AIRB

STD

Total 

31 December 2013

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 


%

%

%













Sector cluster












Sovereign












Central banks

34,809 

59,351 

94,160 


1,289 

180 

1,469 


Central government

17,940 

8,401 

26,341 


2,418 

30 

2,448 


13 

Other sovereign

5,323 

5,525 

10,848 


1,451 

149 

1,600 


27 

15 













Total sovereign

58,072 

73,277 

131,349 


5,158 

359 

5,517 














Financial institutions (FI)












Banks

37,718 

2,769 

40,487 


11,922 

689 

12,611 


32 

25 

31 

Other FI (2)

43,460 

14,033 

57,493 


16,391 

7,940 

24,331 


38 

57 

42 

SEs (3)

21,564 

2,523 

24,087 


5,827 

2,189 

8,016 


27 

87 

33 













Total FI

102,742 

19,325 

122,067 


34,140 

10,818 

44,958 


33 

56 

37 













Corporates












Property












  - Western Europe












    - UK

50,250 

2,771 

53,021 


27,904 

2,461 

30,365 


56 

89 

57 

    - Ireland

10,338 

107 

10,445 


3,087 

136 

3,223 


30 

127 

31 

    - Other

8,764 

143 

8,907 


4,937 

130 

5,067 


56 

91 

57 

  - US

1,126 

6,527 

7,653 


600 

6,272 

6,872 


53 

96 

90 

  - RoW

3,579 

317 

3,896 


2,817 

253 

3,070 


79 

80 

79 













Total property

74,057 

9,865 

83,922 


39,345 

9,252 

48,597 


53 

94 

58 

Natural resources

29,403 

2,826 

32,229 


15,586 

2,435 

18,021 


53 

86 

56 

Transport

31,677 

3,024 

34,701 


21,678 

2,709 

24,387 


68 

90 

70 

Manufacturing

24,649 

7,775 

32,424 


13,607 

7,599 

21,206 


55 

98 

65 

Retail and leisure

23,974 

7,744 

31,718 


18,302 

7,591 

25,893 


76 

98 

82 

Services

22,716 

8,757 

31,473 


15,972 

8,382 

24,354 


70 

96 

77 

TMT (4)

13,550 

2,222 

15,772 


8,470 

2,198 

10,668 


63 

99 

68 













Total corporates

220,026 

42,213 

262,239 


132,960 

40,166 

173,126 


60 

95 

66 













Personal












Mortgages












  - Western Europe












    - UK

110,470 

7,841 

118,311 


14,412 

3,267 

17,679 


13 

42 

15 

    - Ireland

17,148 

33 

17,181 


16,108 

12 

16,120 


94 

36 

94 

    - Other

202 

507 

709 


25 

202 

227 


12 

40 

32 

  - US

121 

19,717 

19,838 


15 

9,756 

9,771 


12 

49 

49 

  - RoW

396 

242 

638 


50 

107 

157 


13 

44 

25 













Total mortgages

128,337 

28,340 

156,677 


30,610 

13,344 

43,954 


24 

47 

28 

Other personal

33,358 

14,521 

47,879 


15,286 

10,703 

25,989 


46 

74 

54 













Total personal

161,695 

42,861 

204,556 


45,896 

24,047 

69,943 


28 

56 

34 

Other items

4,756 

19,189 

23,945 


4,061 

15,798 

19,859 


85 

82 

83 













Total

547,291 

196,865 

744,156 


222,215 

91,188 

313,403 


41 

46 

42 

 

Notes:

(1)

Exposure at default post credit risk mitigation.

(2)

Non-bank financial institutions, such as US agencies, insurance companies, pension funds, hedge and leverage funds, broker-dealers and non-bank subsidiaries of banks.

(3)

Structured entities primarily relate to securitisation related vehicles.

(4)

Telecommunications, media and technology.

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Liquidity and funding risk

Liquidity and funding risk is the risk that the Group is unable to meet its financial obligations, including financing wholesale maturities or customer deposit withdrawals, as they fall due. The risk arises through the maturity transformation role that banks play and is dependent on company specific factors such as: maturity profile, composition of sources and uses of funding, the quality and size of the liquidity portfolio as well as broader factors, such as wholesale market conditions and depositor and investor behaviour. For a description of the liquidity and funding risk framework, governance and basis of preparation refer to the Risk and balance sheet management section of the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts.

 

Overview

·

The liquidity position remains strong: the liquidity portfolio of £138 billion at 30 June 2014 covered short-term wholesale funding (STWF) four times.



·

Liquid assets decreased by £8 billion mainly driven by a targeted decrease in financial institution deposits in Q1, partly offset by additional low-cost secondary liquidity. Average liquid asset balances were down in Q2 compared with Q1 reflecting proactive management of excess liquidity whilst retaining a prudent coverage of potential outflows.



·

The loan:deposit ratio increased by 200 basis points to 96% from 94% at 31 December 2013 reflecting continued focus on reducing excess funding.



·

STWF increased marginally to £33.6 billion mainly reflecting the upcoming redemption of trust preferred securities and large term debt deals falling into the less than 1 year to maturity bucket.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Liquidity risk

 

Liquidity and related metrics*

The table below sets out the key liquidity and related metrics monitored by the Group.

 


30 June

31 March

31 December

2014 

2014 

2013 






Stressed outflow coverage (1)

178 

165 

145 

Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) (2)

104 

103 

102 

Net stable funding ratio (NSFR) (3)

111 

110 

118 

 

Notes:

(1)

RBS's liquidity risk appetite is based on the Individual Liquidity Adequacy Assessment (ILAA) which is measured by reference to the liquidity portfolio as a percentage of stressed liquidity outflows under the worst of three severe stress scenarios; a market-wide stress, an idiosyncratic stress and a combination of both. Liquidity risk adequacy is determined by the surplus of liquid assets over three month stressed outflows under the worst case stress. This assessment is performed in accordance with PRA guidance.

(2)

In January 2013, the BCBS published its final guidance for calculating LCR which is currently expected to come into effect from January 2015 on a phased basis. Pending the finalisation of the LCR rules within the EU, RBS monitors the LCR based on its own interpretations of current guidance available for EU LCR reporting. Therefore, the reported LCR will change over time with regulatory developments. Due to differences in interpretation of the rules RBS's ratio may not be comparable with those of other financial institutions.

(3)

The NSFR for all periods has been calculated using RBS's current interpretations of the existing rules relating to various BCBS guidance to date. Ratios for 31 March 2014 and 31 December 2013 have been revised accordingly. BCBS is expected to issue revised guidance on the NSFR towards the end of 2014 or early 2015.

 

Liquidity portfolio

The table below shows RBS's liquidity portfolio by product, liquidity value and carrying value. Liquidity value is lower than carrying value as it is stated after discounts applied by the Bank of England and other central banks to instruments, within the secondary liquidity portfolio, eligible for discounting.

 


Liquidity value


Period end


Average 


UK DLG (1)

CFG 

Other 

Total 


Quarter

H1 2014

30 June 2014

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 









Cash and balances at central banks

58,823 

2,533 

1,825 

63,181 


59,974 

62,723 

Central and local government bonds








  AAA rated governments

5,583 

5,585 


4,241 

3,527 

  AA- to AA+ rated governments and US agencies

5,622 

6,224 

11,846 


10,701 

11,155 










11,205 

6,226 

17,431 


14,942 

14,682 









Primary liquidity

70,028 

8,759 

1,825 

80,612 


74,916 

77,405 

Secondary liquidity (2)

54,928 

934 

1,597 

57,459 


53,420 

53,986 









Total liquidity value

124,956 

9,693 

3,422 

138,071 


128,336 

131,391 









Total carrying value

160,357 

10,236 

2,741 

173,334 




 

For the notes to this table refer to the following page.

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Liquidity risk (continued)

 

Liquidity portfolio (continued)


Liquidity value


Period end


Average 


UK








DLG (1)

CFG

Other

Total


Quarter

Year

31 December 2013

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m









Cash and balances at central banks

71,121 

824 

2,417 

74,362 


76,242 

80,933 

Central and local government bonds








  AAA rated governments and US agencies

3,320 

3,320 


3,059 

5,149 

  AA- to AA+ rated governments

5,822 

6,369 

96 

12,287 


13,429 

12,423 

  Below AA rated governments


151 

  Local government


148 










9,142 

6,369 

96 

15,607 


16,495 

17,871 

Treasury bills


395 









Primary liquidity

80,263 

7,193 

2,513 

89,969 


92,743 

99,199 

Secondary liquidity (2)

48,718 

4,968 

2,411 

56,097 


56,869 

56,589 









Total liquidity value

128,981 

12,161 

4,924 

146,066 


149,612 

155,788 









Total carrying value

159,743 

17,520 

6,970 

184,233 




 







The table below shows the currency split of the liquidity portfolio.










Total liquidity portfolio

GBP

USD

EUR

Other

Total

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m







30 June 2014

91,073 

33,028 

12,579 

1,391 

138,071 

31 December 2013

100,849 

33,365 

10,364 

1,488 

146,066 

 

Notes:

(1)

The PRA regulated UK Defined Liquidity Group (UK DLG) comprises the RBS's five licensed deposit taking UK banks: The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, National Westminster Bank Plc, Ulster Bank Limited, Coutts & Company and Adam & Company. In addition, certain of the Group's significant operating subsidiaries - RBS N.V., Citizens Financial Group Inc. and Ulster Bank Ireland Limited - hold liquidity portfolios of liquid assets that comply with local regulations that may differ from PRA rules.

(2)

Includes assets eligible for discounting at the Bank of England and other central banks.

 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Funding risk

The composition of RBS's balance sheet is a function of the broad array of product offerings and diverse markets served by its core divisions. The structural composition of the balance sheet is augmented as needed through active management of both asset and liability portfolios. The objective of these activities is to optimise the liquidity profile, while ensuring adequate coverage of all cash requirements under extreme stress conditions.












Short-term wholesale


Total wholesale


Net inter-bank

funding (1)

funding

funding (2)


Excluding

Including


Excluding

Including


Deposits

Loans (3)

Net

 derivative

 derivative

 derivative

 derivative

 inter-bank

collateral

 collateral

collateral

 collateral

 funding


£bn

£bn


£bn

£bn


£bn

£bn

£bn











30 June 2014

33.6 

55.1 


101.6 

123.1 


17.7 

(19.3)

(1.6)

31 March 2014

31.0 

50.8 


101.5 

121.3 


15.6 

(18.1)

(2.5)

31 December 2013

32.4 

51.5 


108.1 

127.2 


16.2 

(17.3)

(1.1)

30 September 2013

34.6 

55.1 


113.6 

134.1 


18.1 

(16.6)

1.5 

30 June 2013

36.7 

58.9 


129.4 

151.5 


23.1 

(17.1)

6.0 

 

Notes:

(1)

Short-term wholesale funding is funding with a residual maturity of less than one year.

 

(2)

Excludes derivative cash collateral.

 

(3)

Principally short-term balances.

 









Funding sources








The table below shows RBS's principal funding sources excluding repurchase agreements (repos).










30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Short-term 

Long-term 



Short-term 

Long-term 



less than 

more than 

Total 


less than 

more than 

Total 

1 year 

1 year 

1 year 

1 year 


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 









Deposits by banks








 derivative cash collateral

21,430 

21,430 


19,086 

19,086 

 other deposits

16,544 

1,205 

17,749 


14,553 

1,690 

16,243 










37,974 

1,205 

39,179 


33,639 

1,690 

35,329 

Debt securities in issue








 commercial paper

1,091 

1,091 


1,583 

1,583 

 certificates of deposit

1,751 

97 

1,848 


2,212 

65 

2,277 

 medium-term notes

8,083 

32,552 

40,635 


10,385 

36,779 

47,164 

 covered bonds

1,780 

7,039 

8,819 


1,853 

7,188 

9,041 

 securitisations

511 

6,183 

6,694 


514 

7,240 

7,754 










13,216 

45,871 

59,087 


16,547 

51,272 

67,819 

Subordinated liabilities

3,885 

20,924 

24,809 


1,350 

22,662 

24,012 









Notes issued

17,101 

66,795 

83,896 


17,897 

73,934 

91,831 









Wholesale funding

55,075 

68,000 

123,075 


51,536 

75,624 

127,160 









Customer deposits








 derivative cash collateral (1)

6,469 

6,469 


7,082 

7,082 

 financial institution deposits

47,029 

2,038 

49,067 


44,621 

2,265 

46,886 

 personal deposits

180,024 

6,089 

186,113 


183,799 

8,115 

191,914 

 corporate deposits

156,451 

3,157 

159,608 


167,100 

4,687 

171,787 









Total customer deposits

389,973 

11,284 

401,257 


402,602 

15,067 

417,669 









Total funding excluding repos

445,048 

79,284 

524,332 


454,138 

90,691 

544,829 

 

 

Note:

(1)

Cash collateral includes £5,720 million (31 December 2013 - £6,720 million) from financial institutions.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Funding risk (continued)

 

Total funding by currency








GBP

USD

EUR

Other

Total

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m







Deposits by banks

6,830 

10,808 

19,300 

2,241 

39,179 

Debt securities in issue






  - commercial paper

573 

486 

29 

1,091 

  - certificates of deposit

494 

1,116 

237 

1,848 

  - medium-term notes

5,287 

10,319 

20,285 

4,744 

40,635 

  - covered bonds

983 

7,836 

8,819 

  - securitisations

1,830 

2,090 

2,774 

6,694 

Subordinated liabilities

1,792 

13,604 

7,202 

2,211 

24,809 







Wholesale funding

17,219 

38,510 

58,120 

9,226 

123,075 

% of wholesale funding

14%

31%

47%

8%

100%

Customer deposits

271,438 

79,877 

40,137 

9,805 

401,257 







Total funding excluding repos

288,657 

118,387 

98,257 

19,031 

524,332 







% of total funding

55%

22%

19%

4%

100%

 

31 December 2013












Deposits by banks

7,418 

8,337 

17,004 

2,570 

35,329 

Debt securities in issue






  - commercial paper

897 

682 

1,583 

  - certificates of deposit

336 

1,411 

476 

54 

2,277 

  - medium-term notes

6,353 

11,068 

23,218 

6,525 

47,164 

  - covered bonds

984 

8,057 

9,041 

  - securitisations

1,897 

2,748 

3,109 

7,754 

Subordinated liabilities

1,857 

10,502 

8,984 

2,669 

24,012 







Wholesale funding

18,849 

34,963 

61,530 

11,818 

127,160 

% of wholesale funding

15%

28%

48%

9%

100%

Customer deposits

272,304 

86,727 

49,116 

9,522 

417,669 







Total funding excluding repos

291,153 

121,690 

110,646 

21,340 

544,829 







% of total funding

54%

22%

20%

4%

100%

 

Repos



The table below analyses RBS's repos by counterparty type.





30 June

31 December


2014 

2013 


£m 

£m 




Financial institutions



  - central and other banks

31,722 

28,650 

  - other financial institutions

44,325 

52,945 

Corporate

7,215 

3,539 





83,262 

85,134 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Funding risk (continued)

 

Segment loan:deposit ratios and funding surplus

The table below shows loans, deposits, loan:deposit ratios (LDR) and customer funding surplus/(gap) by reporting segment.


30 June 2014


31 December 2013




Funding 





Funding 

Loans (1)

Deposits (2)

LDR

surplus/(gap)


Loans (1)

Deposits (2)

LDR

surplus/(gap)


£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 











UK PBB

126,422 

145,971 

87 

19,549 


124,828 

144,841 

86 

20,013 

Ulster Bank

22,423 

20,688 

108 

(1,735)


26,068 

21,651 

120 

(4,417)











PBB

148,845 

166,659 

89 

17,814 


150,896 

166,492 

91 

15,596 











Commercial Banking

83,980 

87,987 

95 

4,007 


83,454 

90,883 

92 

7,429 

Private Banking

16,525 

35,890 

46 

19,365 


16,644 

37,173 

45 

20,529 











CPB

100,505 

123,877 

81 

23,372 


100,098 

128,056 

78 

27,958 











CIB

68,978 

55,492 

124 

(13,486)


68,148 

64,734 

105 

(3,414)

Central items

844 

1,002 

84 

158 


289 

1,081 

27 

792 

CFG

51,722 

52,923 

98 

1,201 


50,279 

55,118 

91 

4,839 

RCR

15,658 

1,304 

nm

(14,354)


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Non-Core

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a


22,880 

2,188 

nm

(20,692)












386,552 

401,257 

96 

14,705 


392,590 

417,669 

94 

25,079 











 

nm = not meaningful

 

Notes:

(1)

Excludes reverse repo agreements and net of impairment provisions.

(2)

Excludes repo agreements.

 

 

 

£154 billion (or 38%) of the customer deposits included above are insured through the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme, US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation scheme and other similar schemes. Of the personal and corporate deposits above, 54% relate to personal customers.

 

Encumbrance

RBS's encumbrance ratios are set out below.

 

In general encumbrance ratios decreased marginally reflecting the balance sheet structure.

 

Encumbrance ratios


30 June

31 December


2014 

2013 






Total


16 

17 

Excluding balances relating to derivatives transactions


17 

19 

Excluding balances relating to derivative and securities financing transactions


11 

11 


 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Balance sheet encumbrance



















Encumbered assets relating to:





Unencumbered




Debt securities in issue


Other secured liabilities

Total


 Encumbered


Readily realisable (3)






Securitisations

 Covered




Secured

 encumbered


assets as a


 Liquidity


Other (4)

Cannot be (5)




and conduits

bonds


 Derivatives

 Repos

 balances (1)

assets (2)


% of related


portfolio

 Other

 realisable

 encumbered


Total

30 June 2014

£bn

£bn


£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn


assets


£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn


£bn


















Cash and balances at central banks


2.1 

2.1 



61.1 

5.5 


68.7 

Loans and advances to banks

4.8 

0.3 


9.7 

0.3 

15.1 


52 


2.1 

7.9 

3.8 


28.9 

Loans and advances to customers

















  - UK residential mortgages

13.2 

14.9 


28.1 


25 


67.9 

7.9 

8.1 


112.0 

  - Irish residential mortgages

8.9 


1.0 

9.9 


69 


4.3 

0.1 


14.3 

  - US residential mortgages


10.4 

10.4 


55 


1.4 

0.4 

6.8 


19.0 

  - UK credit cards

3.0 


3.0 


55 


2.3 

0.2 


5.5 

  - UK personal loans

3.4 


3.4 


37 


3.0 

2.8 


9.2 

  - other

7.6 


17.1 

1.0 

25.7 


11 


7.5 

13.5 

138.4 

41.5 


226.6 

Reverse repurchase agreements

















   and stock borrowing




81.7 


81.7 

Debt securities

0.3 


7.4 

44.9 

2.6 

55.2 


49 


15.8 

40.1 

1.4 

0.3 


112.8 

Equity shares


0.2 

5.1 

5.3 


68 


1.0 

0.3 

1.2 


7.8 

Settlement balances




19.7 


19.7 

Derivatives




274.9 


274.9 

Intangible assets




12.2 


12.2 

Property, plant and equipment


0.3 

0.3 



5.5 

1.3 


7.1 

Deferred tax




3.1 


3.1 

Prepayments, accrued income and other assets




7.4 


7.4 

Assets of disposal groups




0.2 


0.2 



















41.2 

15.2 


34.4 

50.0 

17.7 

158.5 




155.8 

85.5 

160.9 

450.4 


1,011.1 

Securities retained











17.5 























Total liquidity portfolio











173.3 























Liabilities secured

















Intra-Group - secondary liquidity

(16.4)


(16.4)










Intra-Group - other

(14.5)


(14.5)










Third-party (6)

(6.7)

(8.8)


(34.4)

(83.3)

(10.4)

(143.6)




























(37.6)

(8.8)


(34.4)

(83.3)

(10.4)

(174.5)










 

For the notes to this table refer to page 22.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Balance sheet encumbrance (continued)



















Encumbered assets relating to:





Unencumbered




Debt securities in issue


Other secured liabilities

Total


Encumbered


Readily realisable (3)






Securitisations

Covered




Secured

encumbered


assets as a


Liquidity


Other (4)

Cannot be (5)




and conduits

bonds


Derivatives

Repos

balances (1)

assets (2)


% of related


portfolio

Other

realisable

encumbered


Total

31 December 2013

£bn

£bn


£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn


assets


£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn


£bn


















Cash and balances at central banks




74.3 

8.4 


82.7 

Loans and advances to banks

5.8 

0.5 


10.3 

16.6 


60 


0.1 

10.9 


27.6 

Loans and advances to customers

















  - UK residential mortgages

14.6 

16.2 


30.8 


28 


60.8 

18.6 


110.2 

  - Irish residential mortgages

9.3 


1.2 

10.5 


70 


0.7 

3.8 

0.1 


15.1 

  - US residential mortgages


3.5 

3.5 


18 


9.5 

6.7 


19.7 

  - UK credit cards

3.4 


3.4 


52 


3.1 


6.5 

  - UK personal loans

3.4 


3.4 


38 


5.5 


8.9 

  - other

13.5 


18.1 

0.8 

32.4 


14 


4.4 

9.6 

175.6 

10.2 


232.2 

Reverse repurchase agreements

















   and stock borrowing




76.5 


76.5 

Debt securities

0.9 


5.5 

55.6 

2.7 

64.7 


57 


17.0 

31.9 


113.6 

Equity shares


0.5 

5.3 

5.8 


66 


3.0 


8.8 

Settlement balances




5.5 


5.5 

Derivatives




288.0 


288.0 

Intangible assets




12.4 


12.4 

Property, plant and equipment


0.4 

0.4 



7.5 


7.9 

Deferred tax




3.5 


3.5 

Prepayments, accrued income and other assets




8.6 


8.6 

Assets of disposal groups




0.2 


0.2 



















50.9 

16.7 


34.4 

60.9 

8.6 

171.5 




166.8 

101.5 

183.1 

405.0 


1,027.9 

Securities retained











17.4 























Total liquidity portfolio











184.2 























Liabilities secured

















Intra-Group - secondary liquidity

(19.1)


(19.1)










Intra-Group - other

(18.4)


(18.4)










Third-party (6)

(7.8)

(9.0)


(34.4)

(85.1)

(6.0)

(142.3)




























(45.3)

(9.0)


(34.4)

(85.1)

(6.0)

(179.8)










 

For the notes to this table refer to the following page.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Balance sheet encumbrance(continued)

 

Notes:

(1)

Includes cash, coin and nostro balance held with the Bank of England as collateral against notes in circulation.

(2)

Encumbered assets are those that have been pledged to provide security for the liability shown above and are therefore not available to secure funding or to meet other collateral needs.

(3)

Unencumbered readily realisable assets are those assets on the balance sheet that can be readily used to meet funding or collateral requirements and comprise:


(a) Liquidity portfolio: cash balances at central banks, high quality debt securities and loans that have been pre-positioned with central banks. In addition, the liquidity portfolio includes securitisations of own assets which has reduced over the years and has been replaced by loans.


(b) Other readily realisable assets: including assets that have been enabled for use with central banks; and unencumbered debt securities.

(4)

Unencumbered other realisable assets are those assets on the balance sheet that are available for funding and collateral purposes but are not readily realisable in their current form. These assets include loans that could be prepositioned with central banks but have not been subject to internal and external documentation review and diligence work.

(5)

Assets that cannot be encumbered include:


(a) derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and trading related settlement balances.


(b) non-financial assets such as intangibles, prepayments and deferred tax.


(c) assets in disposal groups.


(d) loans that cannot be pre-positioned with central banks based on criteria set by the central banks, primary US, including those relating to date of origination and level of documentation.


(e) non-recourse invoice financing balances and certain shipping loans whose terms and structure prohibit their use as collateral.

(6)

In accordance with market practice RBS employs securities recognised on the balance sheet, and securities received under reverse repo transactions as collateral for repos. Secured derivative liabilities now reflect net positions that are collateralised by balance sheet assets.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss due to the failure of a customer or counterparty to meet its obligation to settle outstanding amounts. For a description of the bank's credit risk framework, governance, policies and methodologies refer to the Risk and balance sheet management - Credit risk section - of the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts.

 

Financial assets

Exposure summary

The table below analyses financial asset exposures, both gross and net of offset arrangements as well as credit mitigation and enhancement.

















Collateral

Exposure post


Gross 

IFRS 

Carrying 

Non-IFRS 



Real estate

Credit

 credit mitigation

exposure 

offset (1)

value (2)

offset (3)

Cash (4)

Securities (5)

 Residential (6)

 Commercial (6)

enhancement (7)

and enhancement

30 June 2014

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn












Cash and balances at central banks

68.7 

68.7 

68.7 

Lending

419.3 

(3.8)

415.5 

(35.5)

(1.8)

(3.2)

(146.0)

(61.2)

(4.8)

163.0 

Reverse repos

133.9 

(52.2)

81.7 

(7.2)

(74.4)

0.1 

Debt securities

112.8 

112.8 

(0.7)

112.1 

Equity shares

7.8 

7.8 

7.8 

Settlement balances

24.2 

(4.5)

19.7 

19.7 

Derivatives

461.5 

(186.6)

274.9 

(227.6)

(26.4)

(4.9)

(15.1)

0.9 












Total

1,228.2 

(247.1)

981.1 

(270.3)

(28.2)

(82.5)

(146.0)

(61.2)

(20.6)

372.3 

Short positions

(39.0)

(39.0)

(39.0)












Net of short positions

1,189.2 

(247.1)

942.1 

(270.3)

(28.2)

(82.5)

(146.0)

(61.2)

(20.6)

333.3 

 

For the notes to this table refer to the following page.

 



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Financial assets (continued)

 






Collateral

Exposure post


Gross 

IFRS 

Carrying 

Non-IFRS 



Real estate

Credit

 credit mitigation

exposure 

offset (1)

value (2)

offset (3)

Cash (4)

Securities (5)

 Residential (6)

 Commercial (6)

enhancement (7)

and enhancement

31 December 2013

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn

£bn












Cash and balances at central banks

82.7 

82.7 

82.7 

Lending

423.6 

(3.4)

420.2 

(37.2)

(1.6)

(2.7)

(145.4)

(60.0)

(3.9)

169.4 

Reverse repos

117.2 

(40.7)

76.5 

(11.4)

(65.0)

0.1 

Debt securities

113.6 

113.6 

(1.3)

112.3 

Equity shares

8.8 

8.8 

8.8 

Settlement balances

8.2 

(2.7)

5.5 

(0.3)

5.2 

Derivatives

553.7 

(265.7)

288.0 

(241.3)

(24.4)

(6.0)

(7.3)

9.0 












Total

1,307.8 

(312.5)

995.3 

(290.2)

(26.0)

(73.7)

(145.4)

(60.0)

(12.5)

387.5 

Short positions

(28.0)

(28.0)

(28.0)












Net of short positions

1,279.8 

(312.5)

967.3 

(290.2)

(26.0)

(73.7)

(145.4)

(60.0)

(12.5)

359.5 

 

Notes:

(1)

Relates to offset arrangements that comply with IFRS criteria and transactions cleared through and novated to central clearing houses, primarily London Clearing House and US Government Securities Clearing Corporation.

(2)

The carrying value on the balance sheet represents the exposure to credit risk by class of financial instrument.

(3)

Balance sheet offset reflects the amounts by which the bank's credit risk is reduced through master netting and cash management pooling arrangements. Derivative master netting agreements include cash pledged with counterparties in respect of net derivative liability positions and are included in lending in the table above.

(4)

Includes cash collateral pledged by counterparties based on daily mark-to-market movements of net derivative positions with the counterparty.

(5)

Securities collateral represent the fair value of securities received from counterparties, mainly relating to reverse repo transactions as part of netting arrangements.

(6)

Property valuations are capped at the loan value and reflect the application of haircuts in line with regulatory rules to indexed valuations. Commercial collateral includes ships and plant and equipment collateral.

(7)

Credit enhancement comprises credit derivatives (bought protection) and guarantees and reflects notional amounts less fair value and notional amounts respectively.

 

Key points

The major components of net exposures are cash and balances at central banks, unsecured commercial, corporate and bank loans, debt securities and short-term settlement balances.

Of the £112 billion of debt securities, £34 billion are asset-backed but underlying collateral is not reflected above as the bank only has access to cashflows from the collateral.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Financial assets (continued)

 

Asset quality

The table below analyses the bank's financial assets excluding debt securities by internal asset quality (AQ) ratings. Debt securities are analysed by external ratings and are therefore excluded from the table below and are set out on page 33.



Loans and advances









Banks (1)


Customers

 Settlement







Cash and


 Derivative





 Derivative



balances and

 






balances at

 Reverse

cash

Bank



 Reverse

cash

 Customer


other financial



 Contingent




central banks

repos

collateral

loans

Total


repos

collateral

loans

Total

assets

 Derivatives

 Commitments

liabilities

Total

 Total

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

%


















Total

















AQ1

66,802 

7,614 

1,976 

4,063 

13,653 


34,525 

9,982 

39,075 

83,582 

7,028 

65,652 

68,390 

8,810 

313,917 

28.5 

AQ2

5,097 

3,949 

1,126 

10,172 


69 

1,630 

18,475 

20,174 

748 

61,994 

19,148 

1,745 

113,981 

10.4 

AQ3

1,542 

2,952 

1,728 

4,492 

9,172 


5,182 

3,314 

28,596 

37,092 

3,476 

93,223 

26,781 

7,086 

178,372 

16.2 

AQ4

321 

9,636 

1,571 

7,567 

18,774 


8,483 

1,677 

114,339 

124,499 

5,358 

42,919 

39,446 

3,807 

235,124 

21.4 

AQ5

1,484 

361 

1,298 

3,143 


4,441 

442 

67,179 

72,062 

1,314 

7,269 

35,442 

2,299 

121,532 

11.1 

AQ6

815 

42 

150 

1,007 


189 

27 

38,141 

38,357 

244 

2,265 

11,256 

1,046 

54,175 

4.9 

AQ7

565 

21 

189 

775 


653 

36 

29,124 

29,813 

112 

550 

9,760 

830 

41,840 

3.8 

AQ8

54 

55 


7,059 

7,065 

486 

779 

97 

8,484 

0.8 

AQ9

316 

321 


9,544 

9,545 

31 

91 

998 

260 

11,246 

1.0 

AQ10


919 

919 

457 

1,027 

114 

2,526 

0.2 

Past due


7,141 

7,141 

1,362 

8,503 

0.8 

Impaired

60 

60 


32,241 

32,241 

32,301 

2.9 

Impairment

















  provision

(50)

(50)


(22,396)

(22,396)

(22,446)

(2.0)



















68,670 

28,163 

9,654 

19,265 

57,082 


53,542 

17,115 

369,437 

440,094 

19,682 

274,906 

213,027 

26,094 

1,099,555 

100 

 

For the note to this table refer to the following page.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Financial assets: Asset quality (continued)

 



Loans and advances









Banks (1)


Customers

 Settlement







Cash and


 Derivative





 Derivative



balances and

 






balances at

 Reverse

cash

Bank



 Reverse

cash

 Customer


other financial



 Contingent




central banks

repos

collateral

loans

Total


repos

collateral

loans

Total

assets

 Derivatives 

Commitments

liabilities

Total

 Total

31 December 2013

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

%


















Total

















AQ1

80,305 

5,885 

2,043 

6,039 

13,967 


30,233 

10,042 

34,395 

74,670 

2,707 

71,497 

64,453 

6,739 

314,338 

28.2 

AQ2

4,744 

4,930 

672 

10,346 


996 

1,899 

17,695 

20,590 

192 

69,949 

28,717 

2,940 

132,735 

11.9 

AQ3

1,873 

2,164 

1,502 

2,347 

6,013 


1,857 

3,796 

29,364 

35,017 

746 

94,678 

23,126 

7,057 

168,510 

15.1 

AQ4

479 

9,864 

1,451 

7,031 

18,346 


10,642 

1,894 

99,258 

111,794 

470 

39,157 

40,984 

4,430 

215,660 

19.3 

AQ5

1,776 

416 

662 

2,854 


5,403 

297 

77,045 

82,745 

717 

8,826 

33,507 

2,087 

130,736 

11.7 

AQ6

1,823 

157 

1,981 


82 

38 

39,324 

39,444 

59 

1,487 

14,138 

1,426 

58,535 

5.3 

AQ7

301 

237 

538 


684 

50 

30,279 

31,013 

22 

978 

7,437 

918 

40,906 

3.7 

AQ8

48 

48 


10 

8,482 

8,492 

58 

132 

1,183 

119 

10,035 

0.9 

AQ9

34 

34 


41 

16,944 

16,985 

641 

1,020 

317 

18,997 

1.7 

AQ10


730 

730 

695 

1,274 

137 

2,836 

0.3 

Past due


9,068 

9,068 

620 

9,688 

0.9 

Impaired

70 

70 


37,101 

37,101 

37,171 

3.3 

Impairment

















  provision

(63)

(63)


(25,162)

(25,162)

(25,225)

(2.3)



















82,661 

26,557 

10,343 

17,234 

54,134 


49,897 

18,067 

374,523 

442,487 

5,591 

288,040 

215,839 

26,170 

1,114,922 

100 

 

Note:

(1)

Excludes items in the course of collection from other banks of £1,523 million (31 December 2013 - £1,454 million).

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Financial assets: Asset quality (continued)

 

Key points

Overall asset quality improved slightly with AQ1-AQ4 (investment grade of BBB- or above) increasing from 75% at 31 December 2013 to 77% at 30 June 2014 reflecting improving credit conditions and disposals and run-down in RCR.



Cash and balances at central banks decreased £14.0 billion reflecting the management of surplus liquidity.



Asset quality trends improved with loans to banks and customers rated AQ1 (equivalent to AA or above) up by £3 billion. Recalibration of retail and business banking models using updated data trends from the last three years resulted in a significant upward shift between AQ5 and below to AQ4.



Gross derivatives decreased 5% to £274.9 billion with the proportion AQ1-AQ4 stable at 96%.



Past due loans decreased £1.1 billion or 11% driven mainly by CFG (£1.0 billion) and a decrease in Ulster Bank (£0.3 billion) reflecting increased work with customers in arrears.



Loan impairment provisions decreased £2.8 billion mainly in relation to RCR disposals and run-off (£2.0 billion).



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Loans and related credit metrics

The tables below analyse gross loans and advances (excluding reverse repos) and the related credit metrics by business unit.





Credit metrics




Gross loans to

REIL

Provisions

REIL as a %




of gross

Provisions

Year-to-date

loans to

as a %

Impairment

Amounts

Banks

Customers

customers

of REIL

 charge

written-off

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

%

%

£m

£m










UK PBB

900 

129,243 

4,278 

2,821 

3.3 

66 

148 

407 

Ulster Bank

3,036 

25,708 

4,861 

3,285 

18.9 

68 

57 

33 










PBB

3,936 

154,951 

9,139 

6,106 

5.9 

67 

205 

440 










Commercial Banking

861 

85,142 

2,860 

1,162 

3.4 

41 

31 

201 

Private Banking

1,426 

16,618 

239 

93 

1.4 

39 

24 










CPB

2,287 

101,760 

3,099 

1,255 

3.0 

40 

31 

225 










CIB

19,405 

69,154 

105 

177 

0.2 

nm

(36)

Centre

2,513 

848 

0.4 

nm

(12)

56 

CFG

277 

52,221 

1,307 

500 

2.5 

38 

102 

147 

RCR

551 

30,014 

20,428 

14,405 

68.1 

71 

(19)

1,619 










RBS

28,969 

408,948 

34,081 

22,446 

8.3 

66 

271 

2,487 

 

31 December 2013


















UK PBB

760 

127,781 

4,663 

2,957 

3.6 

63 

497 

967 

Ulster Bank

591 

31,446 

8,466 

5,378 

26.9 

64 

1,774 

277 










PBB

1,351 

159,227 

13,129 

8,335 

8.2 

63 

2,271 

1,244 










Commercial Banking

701 

85,071 

4,276 

1,617 

5.0 

38 

652 

587 

Private Banking

1,531 

16,764 

277 

120 

1.7 

43 

29 

15 










CPB

2,232 

101,835 

4,553 

1,737 

4.5 

38 

681 

602 










CIB

20,550 

69,080 

1,661 

976 

2.4 

59 

598 

360 










Centre

2,670 

341 

66 

0.3 

nm

65 

CFG

406 

50,551 

1,034 

272 

2.0 

26 

151 

284 

Non-Core

431 

36,718 

19,014 

13,839 

51.8 

73 

4,646 

1,856 










RBS

27,640 

417,752 

39,392 

25,225 

9.4 

64 

8,412 

4,346 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Loans and related credit metrics (continued)

 

Key points 

·

Gross loans and advances to customers decreased by £8.8 billion or 2% to £408.9 billion; excluding the impact of foreign exchange the movement was £6.3 billion mainly driven by disposals and run off in RCR. REIL fell by 13% to £34.1 billion. Provision coverage strengthened to 66% compared with 64% at the end of 2013 and REIL were 8.3% of gross customer loans compared with 9.4% as at 31 December 2013. Asset quality continued to improve across the board.



·

Impairment charge for the first half of 2014 was significantly lower at £271 million compared with the prior year including £180 million of latent provision releases primarily reflecting more favourable credit conditions.



·

30% of the £56.9 billion property loans were REIL, with a provision coverage of 66%. 20% of property loans carry a provision. Refer to page 41 for an analysis of commercial real estate in RCR.



·

Strong mortgage lending in UK PBB of £2.5 billion was offset by a fall in unsecured lending of £1.1 billion. Impairment charges and credit metrics continued to show improving trends with REIL as a percentage of gross loans falling to 3.3% from 3.6% at 31 December 2013 reflecting improved asset quality and lower default trends. Write-offs of £0.4 billion reflected the continued write-off of legacy balances.



·

Ulster Bank loans, excluding the impact of foreign exchange and transfers to RCR, were £0.5 billion lower than at the year end mainly as customers deleveraged. Impairment charges were significantly lower at £57 million in the first half of 2014 reflecting the transfer of underperforming assets to RCR and the ongoing reduction in mortgage arrears.



·

Lending in CPB remained broadly stable with REIL, excluding the impact of the transfers to RCR, decreasing by £0.7 billion with write-offs and repayments outpacing new provisions.



·

CFG loans showed growth of £1.2 billion excluding the impact of foreign exchange with impairment charges of £102 million, higher than the prior year due to the transfer in Q1 of serviced-by-others, home equity and other portfolios in Non-Core. Credit metrics remained broadly stable.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Loans and related credit metrics: Loans, REIL, provisions and impairments

The tables below analyse gross loans and advances to banks and customers (excluding reverse repos) and related credit metrics by sector and geography (by location of lending office).





Credit metrics



30 June 2014




REIL as a

Provisions

Provisions

Year-to-date

Gross



% of gross

as a %

as a % of

Impairment

Amounts

loans

REIL

Provisions

loans

of REIL

gross loans

charge

written-off

£m

£m

£m

%

%

%

£m

£m










Central and local government

8,191 

0.1 

80 

Finance

34,166 

466 

318 

1.4 

68 

0.9 

43 

13 

Personal

- mortgages

148,237 

5,871 

1,731 

4.0 

29 

1.2 

110 

109 


- unsecured

27,482 

2,102 

1,754 

7.6 

83 

6.4 

261 

420 

Property

56,908 

17,315 

11,490 

30.4 

66 

20.2 

(113)

1,189 

Construction

6,261 

1,190 

737 

19.0 

62 

11.8 

68 

65 

Manufacturing

22,491 

651 

472 

2.9 

73 

2.1 

(38)

38 

Finance leases (1)

13,252 

195 

150 

1.5 

77 

1.1 

(1)

38 

Retail, wholesale and repairs

18,031 

1,072 

773 

5.9 

72 

4.3 

111 

97 

Transport and storage

14,415 

1,303 

631 

9.0 

48 

4.4 

32 

31 

Health, education and leisure

15,374 

855 

478 

5.6 

56 

3.1 

(13)

212 

Hotels and restaurants

8,055 

1,341 

770 

16.6 

57 

9.6 

(4)

33 

Utilities

5,432 

120 

76 

2.2 

63 

1.4 

Other

30,653 

1,534 

1,223 

5.0 

80 

4.0 

(1)

241 

Latent

1,789 

(180)











408,948 

34,020 

22,396 

8.3 

66 

5.5 

281 

2,487 










of which:









UK









  - residential mortgages

112,252 

1,713 

292 

1.5 

17 

0.3 

14 

23 

  - personal lending

16,279 

1,786 

1,578 

11.0 

88 

9.7 

210 

348 

  - property

40,585 

7,943 

4,366 

19.6 

55 

10.8 

(33)

828 

  - construction

4,616 

873 

491 

18.9 

56 

10.6 

26 

44 

  - other

109,618 

3,489 

2,515 

3.2 

72 

2.3 

(71)

514 

Europe









  - residential mortgages

16,482 

3,213 

1,288 

19.5 

40 

7.8 

59 

11 

  - personal lending

1,104 

120 

120 

10.9 

100 

10.9 

  - property

10,978 

9,279 

7,081 

84.5 

76 

64.5 

(81)

355 

  - construction

1,240 

308 

237 

24.8 

77 

19.1 

42 

21 

  - other

21,695 

3,558 

3,382 

16.4 

95 

15.6 

24 

179 

US









  - residential mortgages

19,115 

927 

147 

4.8 

16 

0.8 

37 

75 

  - personal lending

9,056 

179 

39 

2.0 

22 

0.4 

46 

64 

  - property

4,476 

69 

19 

1.5 

28 

0.4 

  - construction

371 

0.3 

100 

0.3 

  - other

27,838 

260 

609 

0.9 

234 

2.2 

12 

RoW









  - residential mortgages

388 

18 

4.6 

22 

1.0 

  - personal lending

1,043 

17 

17 

1.6 

100 

1.6 

  - property

869 

24 

24 

2.8 

100 

2.8 

  - construction

34 

23.5 

100 

23.5 

  - other

10,909 

235 

178 

2.2 

76 

1.6 

(10)











408,948 

34,020 

22,396 

8.3 

66 

5.5 

281 

2,487 










Banks

28,969 

61 

50 

0.2 

82 

0.2 

(10)

 

For the note to this table refer to the following page.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Loans and related credit metrics: Loans, REIL, provisions and impairments (continued)

 





Credit metrics



31 December 2013




REIL as a

Provisions

Provisions

Year-to-date

Gross



% of gross

as a %

as a % of

Impairment

Amounts

loans

REIL

Provisions

loans

of REIL

gross loans

charge

written-off

£m

£m

£m

%

%

%

£m

£m










Central and local government

8,643 

100 

Finance

35,948 

593 

292 

1.6 

49 

0.8 

72 

Personal

- mortgages

148,533 

6,025 

1,799 

4.1 

30 

1.2 

392 

441 


- unsecured

28,160 

2,417 

1,909 

8.6 

79 

6.8 

415 

861 

Property

62,292 

20,283 

13,189 

32.6 

65 

21.2 

5,130 

1,642 

Construction

6,331 

1,334 

774 

21.1 

58 

12.2 

291 

160 

Manufacturing

21,377 

742 

559 

3.5 

75 

2.6 

195 

104 

Finance leases (1)

13,587 

263 

190 

1.9 

72 

1.4 

16 

121 

Retail, wholesale and repairs

19,574 

1,187 

783 

6.1 

66 

4.0 

268 

128 

Transport and storage

16,697 

1,491 

635 

8.9 

43 

3.8 

487 

229 

Health, education and leisure

16,084 

1,324 

756 

8.2 

57 

4.7 

359 

119 

Hotels and restaurants

6,942 

1,427 

812 

20.6 

57 

11.7 

281 

194 

Utilities

4,960 

131 

80 

2.6 

61 

1.6 

54 

23 

Other

28,624 

2,103 

1,370 

7.3 

65 

4.8 

489 

212 

Latent

2,012 

44 











417,752 

39,322 

25,162 

9.4 

64 

6.0 

8,427 

4,306 










of which:









UK









  - residential mortgages

110,515 

1,900 

319 

1.7 

17 

0.3 

39 

180 

  - personal lending

17,098 

2,052 

1,718 

12.0 

84 

10.0 

264 

681 

  - property

44,252 

9,797 

5,190 

22.1 

53 

11.7 

2,014 

950 

  - construction

4,691 

941 

515 

20.1 

55 

11.0 

194 

159 

  - other

110,466 

4,684 

3,202 

4.2 

68 

2.9 

1,091 

537 

Europe









  - residential mortgages

17,540 

3,155 

1,303 

18.0 

41 

7.4 

195 

26 

  - personal lending

1,267 

141 

129 

11.1 

91 

10.2 

19 

26 

  - property

13,177 

10,372 

7,951 

78.7 

77 

60.3 

3,131 

659 

  - construction

979 

351 

227 

35.9 

65 

23.2 

72 

  - other

22,620 

4,057 

3,498 

17.9 

86 

15.5 

1,012 

465 

US









  - residential mortgages

19,901 

951 

173 

4.8 

18 

0.9 

161 

233 

  - personal lending

8,722 

207 

45 

2.4 

22 

0.5 

114 

151 

  - property

4,279 

85 

19 

2.0 

22 

0.4 

(11)

25 

  - construction

313 

34 

24 

10.9 

71 

7.7 

25 

  - other

27,887 

198 

589 

0.7 

297 

2.1 

65 

131 

RoW









  - residential mortgages

577 

19 

3.3 

21 

0.7 

(3)

  - personal lending

1,073 

17 

17 

1.6 

100 

1.6 

18 

  - property

584 

29 

29 

5.0 

100 

5.0 

(4)

  - construction

348 

2.3 

100 

2.3 

  - other

11,463 

324 

202 

2.8 

62 

1.8 

31 

69 











417,752 

39,322 

25,162 

9.4 

64 

6.0 

8,427 

4,306 










Banks

27,640 

70 

63 

0.3 

90 

0.2 

(15)

40 

 

Note:

(1)

Includes instalment credit.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Debt securities

The table below analyses debt securities by issuer and IFRS measurement classifications. US central and local government includes US federal agencies. The financial institutions category includes US government sponsored agencies and securitisation entities, the latter principally relating to asset-backed securities (ABS).












Central and local government

Banks

Other

Corporate

Total



financial


Of which

UK

US

Other

institutions


ABS

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m











Held-for-trading (HFT)

5,978 

7,805 

28,908 

1,821 

9,089 

2,292 

55,893 


6,940 

Designated as at fair value

104 

17 

121 


14 

Available-for-sale (AFS)

3,905 

11,613 

10,052 

5,521 

17,436 

171 

48,698 


24,104 

Loans and receivables

160 

3,224 

142 

3,526 


3,139 

Held-to-maturity (HTM)

4,556 

4,556 












Long positions

14,439 

19,418 

39,064 

7,502 

29,766 

2,605 

112,794 


34,197 











Of which US agencies

5,620 

12,758 

18,378 


17,243 











Short positions (HFT)

(4,546)

(10,257)

(20,949)

(821)

(1,245)

(1,042)

(38,860)


(34)











Available-for-sale










Gross unrealised gains

154 

358 

570 

92 

502 

12 

1,688 


599 

Gross unrealised losses

(15)

(90)

(3)

(103)

(265)

(3)

(479)


(449)











31 December 2013




















Held-for-trading

6,764 

10,951 

22,818 

1,720 

12,406 

1,947 

56,606 


10,674 

Designated as at fair value

104 

17 

122 


15 

Available-for-sale

6,436 

12,880 

10,303 

5,974 

17,330 

184 

53,107 


24,174 

Loans and receivables

10 

175 

3,466 

136 

3,788 


3,423 











Long positions

13,210 

23,832 

33,225 

7,869 

33,219 

2,268 

113,623 


38,286 











Of which US agencies

5,599 

13,132 

18,731 


18,048 











Short positions (HFT)

(1,784)

(6,790)

(16,087)

(889)

(1,387)

(826)

(27,763)


(36)











Available-for-sale










Gross unrealised gains

201 

428 

445 

70 

386 

11 

1,541 


458 

Gross unrealised losses

(69)

(86)

(32)

(205)

(493)

(2)

(887)


(753)

 

Key points

·

HFT: Holdings of UK and US government bonds, and ABS decreased, reflecting sales and continued focus on balance sheet reduction and capital management in CIB. The increase in other government bonds primarily reflected higher seasonal market activity in bond auctions compared with the year end, partially offset by disposals. The increase in short positions in UK and US government bonds was driven by market conditions and customer demand, while that in other government reflected hedging of higher long positions and customer demand.

·

AFS: Government securities decreased by £4.0 billion. The decreases in UK, US and other government bonds reflected net disposals as gains were realised, as well as transfers of UK government bonds to HTM in Treasury. Holdings in bank issuances fell by £0.5 billion due to maturities and disposals.

·

AFS gross unrealised gains and losses: The UK and US government decreases in unrealised gains reflect exposure reductions. The increases in other government reflect market movements, and increases in banks and other financial institutions reflect maturities, disposals and market movements.

 



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Debt securities (continued)

 

Ratings

The table below analyses debt securities by issuer and external ratings. Ratings are based on the lowest of Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch.

 


Central and local government

Banks 

Other 

Corporate 

Total 



financial 


Of which 

UK 

US 

Other 

institutions 

Total 

ABS 

30 June 2014

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 











AAA

15,694 

1,677 

7,572 

18 

24,967 

22 

6,379 

AA to AA+

14,439 

19,412 

8,666 

262 

15,237 

187 

58,203 

52 

19,200 

A to AA-

7,185 

2,886 

980 

430 

11,481 

10 

1,855 

BBB- to A-

7,146 

2,134 

1,939 

1,142 

12,361 

11 

2,902 

Non-investment grade

373 

358 

2,588 

562 

3,881 

2,591 

Unrated

185 

1,450 

266 

1,901 

1,270 












14,439 

19,418 

39,064 

7,502 

29,766 

2,605 

112,794 

100 

34,197 











31 December 2013




















AAA

18 

13,106 

1,434 

8,155 

162 

22,875 

20 

6,796 

AA to AA+

13,210 

23,812 

7,847 

446 

16,825 

138 

62,278 

55 

21,054 

A to AA-

4,200 

1,657 

1,521 

290 

7,668 

1,470 

BBB- to A-

7,572 

3,761 

2,627 

854 

14,814 

13 

4,941 

Non-investment grade

494 

341 

2,444 

427 

3,706 

2,571 

Unrated

230 

1,647 

397 

2,282 

1,454 












13,210 

23,832 

33,225 

7,869 

33,219 

2,268 

113,623 

100 

38,286 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Derivatives

The table below analyses the bank's derivatives by type of contract. The master netting arrangements and collateral shown below do not result in a net presentation on the balance sheet under IFRS.

 


30 June 2014


31 December 2013



Notional (1)

Assets

Liabilities


Notional (1)

Assets

Liabilities



£bn

£m

£m


£bn

£m

£m











Interest rate (2)

29,061 

223,476 

212,861 


35,589 

218,041 

208,698 


Exchange rate

4,609 

44,151 

47,761 


4,555 

61,923 

65,749 


Credit

278 

4,362 

4,589 


253 

5,306 

5,388 


Equity and commodity

80 

2,917 

4,876 


81 

2,770 

5,692 













274,906 

270,087 



288,040 

285,527 


Counterparty mtm netting


(227,622)

(227,622)



(241,265)

(241,265)

*

Cash collateral


(26,405)

(23,067)



(24,423)

(25,302)

*

Securities collateral


(4,894)

(10,242)



(5,990)

(8,257)

*










Net exposure


15,985 

9,156 



16,362 

10,703 

*










 

*Revised

 

Notes:

(1)

Includes exchange traded contracts of £2,749 billion, (31 December 2013 - £2,298 billion) principally interest rate. Trades are margined daily hence carrying values were insignificant: assets - £72 million (31 December 2013 - £69 million) and liabilities - £265 million (31 December 2013 - £299 million).

(2)

Interest rate notional includes £17,606 billion (31 December 2013 - £22,563 billion) in respect of contracts with central clearing counterparties to the extent related assets and liabilities are offset.

 

Key points 

·

Interest rate contracts: notionals balances were £6.5 trillion lower due to increased participation in trade compression cycles during the first half of 2014, following subdued activity by Tri Optima in 2013. This also resulted in reduced amounts of trades cleared through central clearing counterparties (£5 trillion reduction). The fair value increased due to downward shifts in major yield curves due to volatility in emerging markets at the beginning of the year followed by the European Central Bank's decision to introduce measures to aid economic recovery in June 2014. This was partially offset by decrease due to the strengthening of GBP against the US Dollar and Euro and participation in tear ups.



·

Foreign exchange contracts: decrease in fair value reflects the strengthening of GBP against the US dollar and euro, and the strengthening of Japanese yen against the US dollar, as the portfolio is materially positioned long US dollar and short Japanese yen at 30 June 2014.



·

Credit derivatives fair values decreased reflecting tightening credit spreads and compression cycles.



·

Uncollateralised derivatives predominantly represent those with large corporates with whom RBS may have netting arrangements in place, but whose business models do not support collateral posting capacity and sovereigns and supranational entities with one way collateral agreements in their favour. In addition there are some uncollateralised derivative positions with banks in certain jurisdictions for example Russia, China, Malaysia which are either uncollateralised or the collateral agreements are not deemed legally enforceable and have therefore been reported as uncollateralised.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management (continued)

 

Problem debt management

For a description of early problem identification and problem debt management processes, refer to pages 242 to 251 of the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts.

 

Wholesale forbearance

The table below shows the loans (excluding loans where the bank has initiated recovery procedures) for which forbearance was completed during H1 2014, by sector and between performing and non-performing.

 


Half year ended


Year ended


30 June 2014


31 December 2013



Non-

Provision



Non-

Provision


Performing

performing

coverage (2)


Performing

performing

coverage (2)

Sector

£m

£m

%


£m

£m

%









Property

704 

3,298 

59 


1,759 

4,802 

60 

Transport

192 

218 

36 


1,016 

229 

34 

Retail and leisure

296 

195 

50 


455 

390 

37 

Services

342 

115 

42 


405 

234 

77 

Other

461 

162 

61 


670 

510 

27 










1,995 

3,988 

57 


4,305 

6,165 

55 

 

The table below analyses the incidence of the main types of wholesale forbearance arrangements by loan value.


Half year ended

Year ended


30 June

31 December


2014 

2013 

Arrangement type (3)

%

%




Payment concessions and loan rescheduling

84 

78 

Other (4)

31 

Covenant-only concessions

28 

16 

Forgiveness of all or part of the outstanding debt

Variation in margin

 

Notes:

(1)

The data reflected changes in methodology highlighted in the 2013 Report and Accounts, and also the removal in April of the reporting threshold for forbearance data capture.

(2)

Provision coverage reflects impairment provision as a percentage of non performing loan.

(3)

The total exceeds 100% as an individual case can involve more than one type of arrangement.

(4)

Principally formal standstill agreements and release of security.

 

Key points

·

Forbearance completed on loans decreased during the first half of 2014 compared with the second half of 2013. This was in line both with improving market conditions and the RCR disposal strategy.



·

Forbearance continued to be granted in sectors that have experienced financial stress in recent years. The property sector remained the greatest contributor to the forborne portfolio, while there was a marked fall in the transport sector during the period. Some 70% of completed forbearance in the half year related to RCR loans, of which 60% were originated by Ulster Bank. Of the forbearance granted on non-performing loans, 65% related to loans originated by Ulster Bank.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management (continued)

 

Problem debt management (continued)

 

Key points (continued)

·

Provisions for the non-performing loans disclosed above are individually assessed and therefore not directly comparable across periods. Provision coverage remained stable in H1.



·

At 30 June 2014 loans totalling £5.9 billion (31 December 2013 - £9.4 billion) had been granted credit approval for forbearance but had not yet been formally documented and were not being managed in accordance with the approved forbearance strategy. These loans are referred to as "in process" and are not included in the tables above, but 86% were non-performing (31 December 2013 - 84%) with an associated provision coverage of 54% (31 December 2013 - 44%). The principal types of forbearance offered were consistent with the completed forbearance population. The amount of in-process forbearance fell materially in line with the completion of forbearance during H1 and with disposals in RCR, which were not offset by new in-process cases.

 

Retail forbearance

The table below shows the loans for which forbearance was agreed during H1 2014 split between performing and non-performing by segment.

 



Ulster

Private




UK PBB

Bank

Banking

CFG

Total

Half year ended 30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m







Performing forbearance in the half year

675 

1,487 

106 

2,268 

Non-performing forbearance in the half year

53 

824 

44 

42 

963 







Total forbearance in the half year

728 

2,311 

150 

42 

3,231 







Year ended 31 December 2013












Performing forbearance in the year

1,332 

2,223 

41 

3,596 

Non-performing forbearance in the year

186 

1,213 

22 

101 

1,522 







Total forbearance in the year

1,518 

3,436 

63 

101 

5,118 



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management (continued)

 

Problem debt management: Retail forbearance (continued)

The mortgage arrears information for retail accounts in forbearance and related provision at the end of the period are shown in the tables below.


No missed


1-3 months


>3 months






payments


in arrears


in arrears


Total


Balance

Provision


Balance

Provision


Balance

Provision


Balance

Provision

Forborne balances (1)


£m

£m


£m

£m


£m

£m


£m

£m

%














30 June 2014













UK PBB (2,3)

4,556 

19 


401 

20 


385 

42 


5,342 

81 

5.2 

Ulster Bank (2,3)

1,930 

190 


697 

159 


879 

265 


3,506 

614 

19.3 

Private Banking

105 




114 

1.3 

CFG

302 

29 


21 


51 


374 

30 

2.0 















6,893 

240 


1,122 

180 


1,321 

307 


9,336 

727 

6.3 














31 December 2013


























UK PBB (2,3)

4,596 

17 


426 

23 


424 

51 


5,446 

91 

5.5 

Ulster Bank (2,3)

1,362 

166 


631 

76 


789 

323 


2,782 

565 

14.6 

Private Banking

112 




127 

1.5 

CFG

287 

26 


33 


53 


373 

29 

1.9 















6,357 

212 


1,096 

102 


1,275 

374 


8,728 

688 

6.0 

 

Notes:

(1)

As a percentage of mortgage loans.

(2)

Forbearance in UK PBB and Ulster Bank includes all changes to the contractual payment terms, including those where the customer is up-to-date on payments and there is no evidence of financial difficulty.

(3)

Includes the current stock position of forbearance deals agreed since early 2008 for UK PBB and early 2009 for Ulster Bank.

 

The incidence of the main types of retail forbearance on the balance sheet are analysed below.

 



Ulster

Private




UK PBB

Bank

Banking

CFG

Total (1)

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m







Interest only conversions - temporary and permanent

1,705 

448 

2,154 

Term extensions - capital repayment and interest only

2,529 

447 

33 

51 

3,060 

Payment concessions

255 

1,934 

11 

237 

2,437 

Capitalisation of arrears

907 

1,089 

1,996 

Other

307 

69 

86 

462 








5,703 

3,918 

114 

374 

10,109 







31 December 2013












Interest only conversions - temporary and permanent

1,784 

512 

2,296 

Term extensions - capital repayment and interest only

2,478 

325 

29 

35 

2,867 

Payment concessions

241 

1,567 

12 

246 

2,066 

Capitalisation of arrears

907 

494 

1,401 

Other

366 

86 

92 

544 








5,776 

2,898 

127 

373 

9,174 

 

Note:

(1)

As an individual case can include more than one type of arrangement. The analysis in the forbearance arrangements table exceeds the total value of cases subject to forbearance.



 

 

Problem debt management: Retail forbearance (continued)

 

Key points

 

UK PBB

·

The flow of new forbearance, £341 million in the second quarter of 2014, continued on a downward trend compared with the average of £409 million per quarter in the preceding four quarters. The flow for H1 2014 was £728 million.



·

The 24 month rolling stock of forbearance (where it was provided in the previous 24 months) fell by 13% to £1.7 billion at 30 June 2014 from £2.0 billion at 31 December 2013.



·

5.2% of total mortgage assets (£5.3 billion) were subject to a forbearance arrangement from January 2008. This represented a decrease of 1.9% from 31 December 2013 (£5.4 billion).



·

Approximately 85% of forbearance loans (31 December 2013 - 84%) were up-to-date with payments compared with approximately 98% of assets not subject to forbearance activity.



·

The majority (96%) of UK PBB forbearance was permanent in nature (term extensions, capitalisation of arrears, historical conversions to interest only). Temporary forbearance comprises payment concessions, such as reduced or deferred payments, with arrangements typically agreed for a period between three and six months.



·

The most frequently occurring forbearance types were term extensions (44% of forbearance loans at 30 June 2014), interest only conversions (30%) and capitalisations of arrears (16%). Conversions to interest only have only been permitted on a very exceptional basis since the fourth quarter of 2012 and have not been permitted for customers in financial difficulty since 2009.



·

The impairment provision cover on forbearance mortgages remained significantly higher than that on assets not subject to forbearance.

 

Ulster Bank

·

At 30 June 2014, 19.3% (£3.5 billion) of Ulster Bank's mortgage loans were subject to forbearance arrangements, an increase from 14.6% (£2.8 billion) at 31 December 2013. This reflected Ulster Bank's strategy of seeking to help customers facing financial difficulties.

·

The increase in forbearance stock from 31 December 2013 to 30 June 2014 is attributable to customers entering forbearance for the first time (48%), customers re-entering forbearance (33%) and methodology refinements primarily relating to exit criteria (19%). The number of customers approaching Ulster Bank for assistance for the first time fell in Q2 2014 compared with Q4 2013.

·

There was continued increase in the proportion of longer-term forbearance solutions granted by Ulster Bank. As a percentage of the total, 55% of forbearance loans were subject to a longer term arrangement at 30 June 2014 (31 December 2013 - 41%). Capitalisations represented 28% (December 2013 - 17%), term extensions 11% (31 December 2013 - 11%) and interest rate discounts 16% (31 December 2013 - 13%) of the total forbearance portfolio at 30 June 2014. Interest rate discounts are offered for periods of up to eight years and incorporate a payment concession based on the customer's ability to pay.

·

The remaining forbearance loans were temporary concessions accounting for 45% of the total forborne population, (31 December 2013 - 59%). Interest only arrangements decreased during 2014 to 11% of forbearance loans at 30 June 2014 (31 December 2013 - 18%). Payment concessions (excluding interest rate discounts) represented the remaining 34% (31 December 2013 - 41%). 

·

The proportion of forbearance arrangements that were less than 90 days in arrears increased from 72% (31 December 2013) to 75% (30 June 2014).

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios

 

Commercial real estate*

The commercial real estate sector comprises exposures to entities involved in the development of, or investment in, commercial and residential properties (including house builders). The analysis of lending utilisations below is gross of impairment provisions and excludes rate risk management and contingent obligations.


30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Investment 

Development 

Total 


Investment 

Development 

Total 

By franchise (1)

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 









PBB

4,904 

886 

5,790 


7,350 

1,228 

8,578 

CPB

16,639 

2,844 

19,483 


16,616 

2,957 

19,573 

CIB

1,158 

227 

1,385 


898 

183 

1,081 










22,701 

3,957 

26,658 


24,864 

4,368 

29,232 

CFG

4,270 

4,270 


4,018 

4,018 

RCR/Non-Core

10,700 

7,564 

18,264 


11,624 

7,704 

19,328 









Total

37,671 

11,521 

49,192 


40,506 

12,072 

52,578 

 


Investment


Development



Commercial

Residential

Total 


Commercial

Residential

Total 

Total

By geography (1)

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m










30 June 2014









UK (excluding NI (2))

20,384 

5,199 

25,583 


614 

3,700 

4,314 

29,897 

Ireland (ROI and NI (2))

3,431 

936 

4,367 


1,814 

4,925 

6,739 

11,106 

Western Europe (other)

2,296 

120 

2,416 


220 

28 

248 

2,664 

US

3,796 

1,140 

4,936 


13 

13 

4,949 

RoW (2)

365 

369 


207 

207 

576 











30,272 

7,399 

37,671 


2,648 

8,873 

11,521 

49,192 










31 December 2013


















UK (excluding NI (2))

20,861 

5,008 

25,869 


678 

3,733 

4,411 

30,280 

Ireland (ROI and NI (2))

4,405 

1,028 

5,433 


1,919 

5,532 

7,451 

12,884 

Western Europe (other)

4,068 

183 

4,251 


22 

17 

39 

4,290 

US

3,563 

1,076 

4,639 


4,647 

RoW (2)

314 

314 


30 

133 

163 

477 











33,211 

7,295 

40,506 


2,649 

9,423 

12,072 

52,578 










For the notes to these tables refer to the following page.






 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Commercial real estate* (continued)

 

By sub-sector (1)


Ireland 

Western 




UK 

(ROI and 

Europe 




(excl NI (2))

 NI (2))

(other)

US 

RoW (2)

Total 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 








30 June 2014







Residential

8,899 

5,860 

149 

1,153 

211 

16,272 

Office

3,972 

727 

1,009 

57 

89 

5,854 

Retail

6,699 

918 

367 

215 

78 

8,277 

Industrial

2,892 

423 

22 

14 

3,352 

Mixed/other

7,435 

3,178 

1,117 

3,523 

184 

15,437 









29,897 

11,106 

2,664 

4,949 

576 

49,192 








31 December 2013









Residential

8,740 

6,560 

200 

1,085 

133 

16,718 

Office

4,557 

813 

1,439 

32 

121 

6,962 

Retail

6,979 

1,501 

967 

84 

73 

9,604 

Industrial

3,078 

454 

43 

30 

13 

3,618 

Mixed/other

6,926 

3,556 

1,641 

3,416 

137 

15,676 









30,280 

12,884 

4,290 

4,647 

477 

52,578 

 

Notes:

(1)

Data at 30 June 2014 includes commercial real estate lending from Private Banking in CPB of £1.3 billion that was excluded from the tables showing 31 December 2013 data.

(2)

ROI: Republic of Ireland; NI: Northern Ireland; RoW: Rest of World.

 

Key points

·

In line with the bank's strategy, overall gross lending exposure to commercial real estate fell by £3.4 billion, or 6% during the first half of 2014. Most of the decrease occurred in RCR exposure originated by Ulster Bank and CIB and was due to repayments, asset sales and write-offs.



·

The RCR portfolio totalled £18.3 billion, representing 37% of the bank's portfolio at 30 June 2014. Geographically, 54% of the portfolio was held in Ireland, 31% in the UK, and 14% in Western Europe.



·

Following disposals in the RCR portfolio which were concentrated in Ireland and western Europe (mainly in Germany), the commercial real estate portfolio was more focused on the UK market which represented 61% of the CRE portfolio (31 December 2013 - 58%). Approximately 45% of the UK portfolio was held in London and the south east of England at 30 June 2014 (31 December 2013 - 47%). The overall mix of sub-sector and investments and development remained broadly unchanged. A significant increase in new business in UK residential development during the first half of 2014 to support new housing construction was offset by repayments of maturing loans, in addition to timing issues with recently agreed loans expected to be drawn as construction progressed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Commercial real estate* (continued)


RCR


Rest of the Bank


Bank

Loan-to-value ratio


Non-




Non-




Non-


Performing

 performing

Total

 Performing

 performing

Total

 Performing

 performing

Total

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m













30 June 2014












<= 50%

435 

67 

502 


8,675 

179 

8,854 


9,110 

246 

9,356 

> 50% and <= 70%

861 

302 

1,163 


9,657 

335 

9,992 


10,518 

637 

11,155 

> 70% and <= 90%

836 

673 

1,509 


2,297 

420 

2,717 


3,133 

1,093 

4,226 

> 90% and <= 100%

137 

214 

351 


490 

165 

655 


627 

379 

1,006 

> 100% and <= 110%

88 

761 

849 


248 

127 

375 


336 

888 

1,224 

> 110% and <= 130%

142 

842 

984 


327 

215 

542 


469 

1,057 

1,526 

> 130% and <= 150%

20 

875 

895 


166 

215 

381 


186 

1,090 

1,276 

> 150%

88 

6,685 

6,773 


244 

565 

809 


332 

7,250 

7,582 













Total with LTVs

2,607 

10,419 

13,026 


22,104 

2,221 

24,325 


24,711 

12,640 

37,351 

Minimal security (1)

3,394 

3,401 


31 

40 


16 

3,425 

3,441 

Other (2)

233 

1,604 

1,837 


5,928 

635 

6,563 


6,161 

2,239 

8,400 













Total

2,847 

15,417 

18,264 


28,041 

2,887 

30,928 


30,888 

18,304 

49,192 













Total portfolio












  average LTV (3)

77%

300%

255%


58%

141%

65%


60%

273%

132%

 


Non-Core


Rest of the Bank


Bank



Non- 




Non- 




Non- 



Performing 

performing 

Total 


Performing 

performing 

Total 


Performing 

performing 

Total 

31 December 2013

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m













<= 50%

419 

142 

561 


7,589 

143 

7,732 


8,008 

285 

8,293 

> 50% and <= 70%

867 

299 

1,166 


9,366 

338 

9,704 


10,233 

637 

10,870 

> 70% and <= 90%

1,349 

956 

2,305 


2,632 

405 

3,037 


3,981 

1,361 

5,342 

> 90% and <= 100%

155 

227 

382 


796 

295 

1,091 


951 

522 

1,473 

> 100% and <= 110%

168 

512 

680 


643 

327 

970 


811 

839 

1,650 

> 110% and <= 130%

127 

1,195 

1,322 


444 

505 

949 


571 

1,700 

2,271 

> 130% and <= 150%

13 

703 

716 


356 

896 

1,252 


369 

1,599 

1,968 

> 150%

69 

7,503 

7,572 


400 

1,864 

2,264 


469 

9,367 

9,836 













Total with LTVs

3,167 

11,537 

14,704 


22,226 

4,773 

26,999 


25,393 

16,310 

41,703 

Minimal security (1)

51 

3,069 

3,120 


88 

97 


60 

3,157 

3,217 

Other (2)

108 

1,396 

1,504 


5,266 

888 

6,154 


5,374 

2,284 

7,658 













Total

3,326 

16,002 

19,328 


27,501 

5,749 

33,250 


30,827 

21,751 

52,578 













Total portfolio












  average LTV (3)

75%

292%

245%


64%

187%

85%


65%

261%

142%

 

Notes:

(1)

Total portfolio average LTV is quoted net of loans with minimal security given that the anticipated recovery rate is less than 10%. Provisions are marked against these loans where required to reflect the relevant asset quality and recovery profile.

(2)

Other non-performing loans of £2.2 billion (31 December 2013 - £2.3 billion) were subject to standard provisioning policies. Other performing loans of £6.2 billion (31 December 2013 - £5.4 billion) included general corporate loans, typically unsecured, to commercial real estate companies, and major UK house builders in addition to facilities supported by guarantees. The credit quality of these exposures was consistent with that of the performing portfolio overall.

(3)

Weighted average by exposure.

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Commercial real estate* (continued)

 

Key points

·

The average LTV for the performing book improved from 65% to 60% during the last six months. The performing book in the UK had a slightly better LTV at 56%. The reductions in the higher LTV buckets occurred mainly in the RCR book originated by Ulster Bank and CIB, reflecting reductions through repayments, asset sales and write-offs. The reductions were also reflected in the greater than 150% LTV bucket, occurring mainly in Ireland and Western Europe. RCR-Ulster Bank accounted for the growth in minimal security which was at the final stage of a reduction strategy - these are fully provided for.



·

Interest payable on outstanding performing investment property secured loans was covered 1.4x and 2.9x within RCR and RBS excluding RCR, respectively.



·

The proportion of the portfolio managed within the bank's standard credit processes increased from 47% at 31 December 2013 to 54% at 30 June 2014, while the proportion of the portfolio in AQ10 decreased from 22% to 18% during the period.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios

 

Residential mortgages

Total gross mortgage lending of £148.2 billion (31 December 2013 - £148.5 billion) comprised 36% of gross lending of £408.9 billion (31 December 2013 - £417.8 billion). The table below shows LTVs for the bank's major residential mortgage portfolio totalling £147.7 billion (31 December 2013 - £146.7 billion) split between performing (AQ1-AQ9) and non-performing (AQ10), with the average LTV calculated on a weighted value basis. Loan balances are shown at the end of the period whereas property values are calculated using property index movements since the last formal valuation.

 


UK PBB


Ulster Bank


Private Banking


CFG

Loan-to-value ratio by value


Non-




Non-




Non-




Non-


Performing

 performing

Total

 Performing

 performing

Total

 Performing

 performing

Total

 Performing 

performing

Total

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

















30 June 2014
















<= 50%

28,641 

321 

28,962 


2,078 

163 

2,241 


3,486 

3,494 


4,532 

91 

4,623 

> 50% and <= 70%

36,288 

661 

36,949 


1,885 

175 

2,060 


3,546 

15 

3,561 


5,489 

81 

5,570 

> 70% and <= 90%

27,961 

814 

28,775 


2,416 

257 

2,673 


1,344 

39 

1,383 


5,559 

103 

5,662 

> 90% and <= 100%

4,352 

269 

4,621 


1,248 

142 

1,390 


86 

95 


1,212 

36 

1,248 

> 100% and <= 110%

1,344 

149 

1,493 


1,313 

174 

1,487 


70 

10 

80 


680 

23 

703 

> 110% and <= 130%

399 

72 

471 


2,397 

428 

2,825 


24 

30 


530 

14 

544 

> 130% and <= 150%

29 

34 


2,139 

525 

2,664 


12 

16 


127 

130 

> 150%


1,777 

1,020 

2,797 


39 

46 


60 

63 

















Total with LTVs

99,014 

2,291 

101,305 


15,253 

2,884 

18,137 


8,607 

98 

8,705 


18,189 

354 

18,543 

Other (2)

506 

27 

533 



46 

47 


382 

385 

















Total

99,520 

2,318 

101,838 


15,253 

2,884 

18,137 


8,653 

99 

8,752 


18,571 

357 

18,928 

















Total portfolio average LTV (3)

61%

73%

61%


99%

128%

104%


52%

80%

53%


66%

69%

66%

















Average LTV on new originations
















  during the half year (3)



71%




70%




59%




68%

















For the notes to this table refer to the following page.















 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Residential mortgages (continued)

 


UK PBB


Ulster Bank


Private Banking


CFG

Loan-to-value ratio by value


Non-




Non-




Non-




Non-


Performing

performing

Total

Performing

performing

Total

Performing

performing

Total

Performing

performing

Total

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

£m

 £m

£m

















31 December 2013
















<= 50%

26,392 

313 

26,705 


2,025 

170 

2,195 


3,400 

16 

3,416 


4,669 

98 

4,767 

> 50% and <= 70%

34,699 

591 

35,290 


1,837 

195 

2,032 


3,397 

20 

3,417 


5,529 

89 

5,618 

> 70% and <= 90%

28,920 

854 

29,774 


2,326 

288 

2,614 


1,337 

44 

1,381 


5,553 

110 

5,663 

> 90% and <= 100%

4,057 

315 

4,372 


1,214 

162 

1,376 


87 

94 


1,309 

39 

1,348 

> 100% and <= 110%

1,790 

182 

1,972 


1,302 

182 

1,484 


87 

15 

102 


752 

22 

774 

> 110% and <= 130%

552 

100 

652 


2,509 

461 

2,970 


27 

33 


637 

17 

654 

> 130% and <= 150%

37 

42 


2,202 

549 

2,751 



183 

188 

> 150%


2,385 

1,227 

3,612 


24 

30 


102 

106 

















Total with LTVs

96,447 

2,360 

98,807 


15,800 

3,234 

19,034 


8,363 

118 

8,481 


18,734 

384 

19,118 

Other (2)

511 

20 

531 



215 

220 


463 

466 

















Total

96,958 

2,380 

99,338 


15,800 

3,234 

19,034 


8,578 

123 

8,701 


19,197 

387 

19,584 

















Total portfolio average LTV (3)

62%

75%

62%


103%

130%

108%


51%

77%

51%


67%

69%

67%

















Average LTV on new originations
















  during the year (3)



67%




73%




52%




68%

 

Notes:

(1)

Includes residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines (refer to page 46 for a breakdown of balances).

(2)

Where no indexed LTV is held.

(3)

Average LTV weighted by value is calculated using the LTV on each individual mortgage and applying a weighting based on the value of each mortgage.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Residential mortgages* (continued)

 

Key points

 

UK PBB

·

The UK PBB mortgage portfolio was £101.8 billion at 30 June 2014. This showed an increase of 2.5% from 31 December 2013. The portfolio included £10.0 billion (31 December 2013 - £9.1 billion) of residential buy-to-let lending.



·

At 30 June 2014, approximately 51% of the portfolio consisted of fixed rate mortgages. Mortgages featuring a combination of fixed and variable rates made up 4% of the portfolio. The remainder were variable rate mortgages (including those on managed rates). The interest only proportion of the total portfolio was 24%. A further 7% of mortgages were on a combination of interest only plus capital and interest repayments.



·

Based on the Halifax Price Index at March 2014, the portfolio average indexed LTV by volume was 53.4% (31 December 2013 - 54.1%) and 61.0% by weighted value of debt outstanding (31 December 2013 - 62.0%). The ratio of total outstanding balances to total indexed property valuations was 44.5% (31 December 2013 - 45.1%).



·

Gross new mortgage lending amounted to £9.8 billion in H1 2014 and included £873 million of lending with an LTV of greater than 90% under the government-guaranteed Help To Buy scheme. The new mortgage business average LTV by volume was 68.2% compared to 62.7% at 31 December 2013, including the effect of the Help-to-Buy scheme. The average LTV calculated by weighted value was 70.8% (31 December 2013 - 66.6%).



·

All new mortgage business was subject to a comprehensive assessment. This included: i) an affordability test which featured a stressed interest rate that is higher than the customer pay rate; ii) loan to income ratio caps; iii) credit scoring; iv) a maximum loan-to-value of 90% with the exception of the government-backed Help-To-Buy mortgages (from the fourth quarter of 2013), New Buy and My New Home products where lending of up to 95% is provided; and v) a range of policy rules that restricted the availability of credit to borrowers with higher risk characteristics, for example those exhibiting a high level of indebtedness or adverse payment behaviour on previous borrowings.



·

The arrears rate (defined as more than three payments in arrears, excluding repossessions and shortfalls post property sale), fell to 1.1% (31 December 2013 - 1.3%). The number of properties repossessed in H1 2014 was 657 compared with 796 in H2 2013. Arrears rates remained sensitive to economic developments and the interest rate environment.



·

The impairment charge for mortgage loans was £5 million in H1 2014 compared with £26 million in H1 2013 and £5 million in H2 2013. The decline reflected stable default rates and one-off reductions in loss rates as valuations improved on properties held as security on defaulted debt.

 

Ulster Bank

·

Ulster Bank's residential mortgage portfolio was £18.1 billion at 30 June 2014, with 88% held in the Republic of Ireland and 12% in Northern Ireland. At constant exchange rates, the portfolio decreased 1.4 % from 31 December 2013 (£19.0 billion) as a result of amortisations exceeding the value of new business in the period. The portfolio included £2.1 billion (12%) of residential buy-to-let loans.



·

Approximately 66% of the portfolio consisted of tracker rate loans, 23% variable rate loans and 11% fixed rate loans. Interest only represented the remaining 8% of the portfolio.



 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Residential mortgages* (continued)

 

Key points (continued)

 

Ulster Bank (continued)

·

The portfolio average indexed LTV fell 4% during H1 2014 to 104% (31 December 2013 - 108%) reflecting positive house price index trends over the previous 12 months.



·

The average individual LTV on new originations was 70% in 2014 (31 December 2013 - 73%).



·

The arrears rate (defined as more than three payments in arrears, excluding repossessions and shortfalls after property sale), fell to 15.9% (31 December 2013 - 17.0%). The number of properties repossessed in H1 2014 was 169 compared with 262 for the full year of 2013. Arrears rates remained sensitive to economic developments.



·

The impairment charge for mortgage loans for H1 was £36 million for H1 2014, compared with £91 million at H1 2013.

 

CFG

·

CFG's real estate portfolio consisted of £6.4 billion (31 December 2013 - £5.9 billion) of residential mortgages (1% in second lien position) and £12.5 billion (31 December 2013 - £13.5 billion) of home equity loans and lines (first and second liens). Home equity loans and lines included 44% in first lien position. CFG continued to focus on its 'footprint states' of New England, Mid Atlantic and Mid West regions. At 30 June 2014, 82% of the portfolio was within footprint (31 December 2013 - 84%).



·

The serviced-by-others (SBO) book decreased from £1.4 billion at 31 December 2013 to £1.3 billion at 30 June 2014. The arrears rate of the SBO portfolio remained stable at 1.5% during the period. The reduction in the charge-off rate from 4.4% annualised during the fourth quarter of 2013 to 2.3% during the second quarter of 2014 was driven by better than expected recoveries.



·

The weighted average LTV of the portfolio was broadly stable during the period. The weighted average LTV of the portfolio, excluding the SBO portfolio, was 59% (31 December 2013 - 64%).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios (continued)

 

Interest only retail loans*

The bank's interest only retail loan portfolios include interest only mortgage lending in PBB, CPB and CFG portfolios of home equity lines of credit (HELOC) and interest only mortgage portfolios.

 


30 June 2014


31 December 2013


Mortgages 

Other loans 


Mortgages 

Other loans 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 







Variable rate

32.2 

1.9 


34.8 

1.3 

Fixed rate

9.3 

0.1 


8.0 

0.1 







Interest only loans

41.5 

2.0 


42.8 

1.4 

Mixed repayment (1)

8.5 


8.3 







Total

50.0 

2.0 


51.1 

1.4 

 

Note:

(1)

Mortgages with partial interest only and partial capital repayments.

 

Key points

·

The bank continued to reduce its exposure to interest only mortgages in H1. UK PBB ceased offering interest only mortgages to residential owner occupied customers with effect from 1 December 2012. Interest only repayment terms remain an option for buy-to-let mortgages.



·

Ulster Bank withdrew interest only as a standard mortgage offering for new lending in the Republic of Ireland in 2010 and in Northern Ireland in 2012. Interest only mortgages are now granted on a very limited basis to high net worth customers or those granted forbearance.



·

CFG offers its customers interest only mortgages and conventional HELOC which enter an amortising repayment period after the interest only period.



·

CPB offers interest only mortgages to its high net worth customers.

 

Based on its historical analyses of customers' behaviour, the bank recognises impairment provisions in respect of loans in its interest only portfolios (PBB - two years; CFG - one year) that are approaching their contractual maturity. These impairment provisions are reassessed as new trends and data become available.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Interest only retail loans* (continued)

The tables below analyse the bank's interest only mortgage and HELOC portfolios (excluding mixed repayment mortgages) by originating business, by type, and by contractual year of maturity.

 


Bullet 


Total 

Proportion of

principal 

Conversion 

 mortgage 

 repayment 

 to amortising 

 lending 

30 June 2014

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 






UK PBB

24.6 

24.6 

24.2 

Ulster Bank

0.7 

0.9 

1.6 

8.8 

Private Banking

6.0 

6.0 

68.6 

CFG

0.2 

9.1 

9.3 

49.1 






Total

31.5 

10.0 

41.5 







31 December 2013










UK PBB

25.4 

25.4 

25.6 

Ulster Bank

0.7 

1.4 

2.1 

11.0 

Private Banking

6.0 

6.0 

69.0 

CFG

0.4 

8.9 

9.3 

47.5 






Total

32.5 

10.3 

42.8 


 


 2014 (1)

2015-16 

2017-21 

2022-26 

2027-31 

2032-41 

After 

Total 

2041

30 June 2014

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 










Bullet principal repayment (2)

1.0 

2.7 

6.7 

5.7 

7.6 

7.4 

0.4 

31.5 

Conversion to amortising (2,3)

0.5 

2.3 

5.0 

2.2 

10.0 










Total

1.5 

5.0 

11.7 

7.9 

7.6 

7.4 

0.4 

41.5 











 2014 (1)

2015-16 

2017-21 

2022-26 

2027-31 

2032-41 

After 

Total 


 2041 

31 December 2013

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 










Bullet principal repayment (2)

0.9 

2.1 

6.0 

7.6 

7.9 

7.5 

0.5 

32.5 

Conversion to amortising (2,3)

1.9 

6.0 

2.2 

0.1 

0.1 

10.3 










Total

2.8 

8.1 

8.2 

7.7 

7.9 

7.6 

0.5 

42.8 

 

Notes:

(1)

2014 includes pre-2014 maturity exposure.

(2)

Includes £2.2 billion (31 December 2013 - £2.3 billion) of repayment mortgages that have been granted interest only concessions (forbearance).

(3)

Maturity date relates to the expiry of the interest only period.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Interest only retail loans* (continued)

 

UK PBB

·

UK PBB's interest only mortgages require full principal repayment (a 'bullet' payment) at the time of maturity. Typically such loans have remaining terms of between 14 and 19 years. Customers are reminded of the need to have an adequate repayment vehicle in place during the mortgage term.



·

Of the bullet loans that matured in the six months to 31 December 2013, 63% had been fully repaid by 30 June 2014. The unpaid balance totalled £48 million, of which 96% of loans continued to meet agreed payment arrangements (including balances with a term extension agreed on either a capital and interest or interest only basis). Of the £48 million unpaid balance, 66% of the loans had an indexed LTV of 70% or less with 10% above 90%. Customers may be offered an extension to the term of an interest only mortgage or a conversion of such a mortgage to a capital and interest mortgage, subject to affordability and characteristics such as their income and ultimate repayment vehicle. The majority of term extensions in UK PBB are classified as forbearance and subject to the associated higher provision cover.

 

Ulster Bank

·

Ulster Bank's interest only mortgages require full principal repayment (a 'bullet' payment) at the time of maturity; or payment of both capital and interest from the end of the interest only period - typically seven years - so that customers meet their contractual repayment obligations. Contact strategies are in place for appropriate customers to remind them of the need to repay the principal at the end of the mortgage term.



·

Of the bullet mortgages that matured in the six months to 31 December 2013 (£2.3 million), 36% had fully repaid by 30 June 2014 leaving residual balances of £1.5 million, 80% of which were meeting the terms of a revised repayment schedule. Of the amortising loans that matured in the six months to 31 December 2013 (£109 million), 64% were either fully repaid or meeting the terms of a revised repayment schedule.

 

CFG

·

CFG had a closed book of interest only HELOC loans at 30 June 2014 of £0.3 billion at 30 June 2014, for which repayment of principal is due at maturity. It also had an interest only portfolio comprising loans that convert to amortising after an interest only period that is typically 10 years (£10.0 billion at 30 June 2014 of which £9.1 billion were HELOCs). The majority of the bullet loans are due to mature between 2014 and 2015.



·

Of the bullet loans that matured in the six months to 31 December 2013, 74% had fully been refinanced or repaid by 30 June 2014 with residual balances of £22 million. 65% (of £22 million) of which were up-to-date with their payments. For those loans that convert to amortising, the typical uplift in payments was 169% (average uplift calculated at £139 per month).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Key loan portfolios: Interest only retail loans* (continued)

The tables below analyse the bank's retail mortgage and HELOC portfolios split between interest only mortgages (excluding mixed repayment mortgages) and other mortgage loans.







Interest only



30 June 2014

Bullet principal

Conversion



repayment

to amortising

Other

Total

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 






Arrears status





Current

30.4 

9.4 

99.5 

139.3 

1 to 90 days in arrears

0.6 

0.4 

2.9 

3.9 

90+ days in arrears

0.5 

0.2 

3.8 

4.5 






Total

31.5 

10.0 

106.2 

147.7 

 

31 December 2013










Arrears status





Current

31.2 

9.6 

97.0 

137.8 

1 to 90 days in arrears

0.7 

0.4 

2.8 

3.9 

90+ days in arrears

0.6 

0.3 

4.1 

5.0 






Total

32.5 

10.3 

103.9 

146.7 

 

30 June 2014

Interest 



 only 

Other 

Total

£bn 

£bn 

£bn 





Current LTV




<= 50%

12.1 

27.2 

39.3 

> 50% and <= 70%

14.7 

33.4 

48.1 

> 70% and <= 90%

9.5 

29.0 

38.5 

> 90% and <= 100%

2.3 

5.1 

7.4 

> 100% and <= 110%

1.3 

2.5 

3.8 

> 110% and <= 130%

0.8 

3.1 

3.9 

> 130% and <= 150%

0.4 

2.4 

2.8 

> 150%

0.4 

2.5 

2.9 





Total with LTVs

41.5 

105.2 

146.7 

Other

1.0 

1.0 





Total

41.5 

106.2 

147.7 

 

31 December 2013








Current LTV




<= 50%

10.8 

26.3 

37.1 

> 50% and <= 70%

14.6 

31.8 

46.4 

> 70% and <= 90%

10.8 

28.6 

39.4 

> 90% and <= 100%

2.6 

4.6 

7.2 

> 100% and <= 110%

1.5 

2.8 

4.3 

> 110% and <= 130%

0.9 

3.4 

4.3 

> 130% and <= 150%

0.5 

2.5 

3.0 

> 150%

0.7 

3.1 

3.8 





Total with LTVs

42.4 

103.1 

145.5 

Other

0.4 

0.8 

1.2 





Total

42.8 

103.9 

146.7 









*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report





 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk assets*

RBS uses a range of measures for credit risk exposures. The internal measure used is credit risk assets. The balance sheet related credit risk analyses on pages 23 to 50 supplement this material. Credit risk assets (CRA) consist of lending, counterparty exposure and contingent obligations. Refer to page 230 of the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts for a full description.





30 June

31 December


2014 

2013 

Analysis by business unit

£m

£m




UK PBB

129,027 

127,586 

Ulster Bank

29,647 

33,129 




PBB

158,674 

160,715 




Commercial Banking

79,483 

81,142 

Private Banking

19,297 

19,819 




CPB

98,780 

100,961 




CIB

141,984 

147,784 

Central items

56,297 

66,745 

CFG

56,756 

53,411 

RCR  

39,150 

n/a

Non-Core

n/a

43,340 





551,641 

572,956 

 

Key points

There was an overall reduction of 4% in CRA. This was driven by falls in exposure to sovereigns (£11.6 billion), property (£5.2 billion) and other FIs (£4 billion).



CIB CRAs fell 4%, driven by a reduction in exposure to the sovereigns and other FI sectors.



UK PBB CRA increased by £1.4 billion reflecting a £2.5 billion increase in mortgages offset by decreasing unsecured lending.



CFG CRAs increased by 6%. This was driven by the transfer of personal exposure previously managed by the Non-Core division and an increase in exposure to the sovereign sector.



The RCR portfolio included £21.4 billion of property-related CRAs, £4.3 billion in the transport sector, £2.6 billion to retail & leisure and £2.7 billion to other FIs. Geographically, 43% of the portfolio was located  in Western Europe (excluding the UK), 40% in the UK, 10% in Central and Eastern Europe and the Middle East and Africa, and 7% in the rest of the world. Refer to the RCR section for further information.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk assets*(continued)

 

Sector and geographical regional analyses













Western






RBS




 Europe

North

Asia

Latin



excl.



UK

(excl. UK)

America

Pacific

America

Other (1)

Total

RCR

RCR

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m











Personal

128,592 

17,619 

28,265 

1,553 

67 

797 

176,893 

176,647 

246 

Banks

2,523 

26,415 

4,220 

8,310 

1,220 

1,956 

44,644 

42,699 

1,945 

Other financial institutions

21,626 

8,954 

8,358 

2,383 

1,359 

958 

43,638 

40,977 

2,661 

Sovereign (2)

39,640 

7,371 

23,922 

2,859 

24 

674 

74,490 

73,872 

618 

Property

47,502 

15,491 

6,543 

1,118 

221 

479 

71,354 

49,915 

21,439 

Natural resources

7,536 

4,558 

5,927 

3,647 

406 

2,258 

24,332 

21,974 

2,358 

Manufacturing

9,213 

4,716 

6,348 

2,580 

95 

1,176 

24,128 

23,396 

732 

Transport (3)

10,211 

3,989 

3,860 

1,597 

97 

8,619 

28,373 

24,030 

4,343 

Retail and leisure

16,904 

3,484 

5,036 

896 

52 

514 

26,886 

24,265 

2,621 

Telecommunications, media










  and technology

2,833 

2,470 

3,258 

1,338 

420 

10,328 

9,760 

568 

Business services

16,245 

2,539 

5,545 

728 

1,230 

288 

26,575 

24,956 

1,619 












302,825 

97,606 

101,282 

27,009 

4,780 

18,139 

551,641 

512,491 

39,150 



Western










 Europe

North

Asia

Latin



RBS excl.

Non-


UK

(excl. UK)

America

Pacific

America

Other (1)

Total

Non-Core

Core

31 December 2013

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m











Personal

127,620 

18,751 

28,616 

1,418 

61 

656 

177,122 

174,798 

2,324 

Banks

2,506 

25,085 

3,133 

9,670 

1,192 

1,771 

43,357 

43,010 

347 

Other financial institutions

23,080 

10,363 

9,164 

2,633 

1,320 

1,100 

47,660 

43,849 

3,811 

Sovereign (2)

55,041 

8,685 

18,203 

3,394 

37 

687 

86,047 

84,726 

1,321 

Property

49,639 

18,673 

6,206 

929 

286 

795 

76,528 

53,569 

22,959 

Natural resources

6,698 

4,587 

6,189 

3,669 

214 

2,087 

23,444 

21,412 

2,032 

Manufacturing

8,843 

4,962 

6,208 

2,278 

120 

1,397 

23,808 

23,276 

532 

Transport (3)

10,332 

3,936 

3,959 

1,800 

163 

9,435 

29,625 

24,086 

5,539 

Retail and leisure

16,338 

3,924 

4,977 

738 

91 

517 

26,585 

24,562 

2,023 

Telecommunications, media










  and technology

3,356 

2,591 

3,401 

1,403 

29 

491 

11,271 

9,810 

1,461 

Business services

16,527 

2,733 

6,053 

757 

1,233 

206 

27,509 

26,518 

991 












319,980 

104,290 

96,109 

28,689 

4,746 

19,142 

572,956 

529,616 

43,340 

 

Notes:

(1)

Comprises Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa, and supranationals such as the World Bank.

(2)

Includes central bank exposures.

(3)

Excludes net investment in operating leases in shipping and aviation portfolios as they are accounted for as property, plant and equipment. However, operating leases are included in the monitoring and management of these portfolios.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report

 



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk assets*: Sector and geographical regional analyses (continued)

 

Key points

Market conditions and the development of the bank's strategy had a significant impact on the composition of its portfolios during H1 2014, there was:


An £11.6 billion  decrease in exposures to sovereign counterparties, driven by a decrease in RBS's deposits with central banks;


A £5.2 billion fall in exposures to the property sector; and


A £4.0 billion decline in exposures to other financial institutions.

The sovereign portfolio comprised exposures to central governments, central banks and sub-sovereigns such as local authorities, primarily in the bank's key markets in the UK, Western Europe and the US. Exposure predominantly comprised cash balances placed with central banks such as the Bank of England, the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. Consequently, the asset quality of this portfolio remained high with 92% assigned an internal rating in the AQ1 asset quality band. Exposure to sovereigns fluctuates according to the bank's liquidity requirements and cash positions, which determine the level of cash placed with central banks. 



Exposure to the property sector totalled £71.4 billion at 30 June 2014, the majority of which related to commercial real estate. The remainder comprised lending to housing associations (12%), construction companies (10%), and building material groups (3%), which remained stable during the period. See the commercial real estate section for further details.



The banking sector was one of the largest in the RBS portfolio with exposure totalling £44.6 billion. Exposures were well diversified geographically, largely collateralised, and tightly controlled through the combination of a single name concentration framework and a suite of credit policies specifically tailored to ensure compliance with sector and country limits. The increase in exposure during H1 2014 was primarily due to increased activity with counterparties located in Western Europe. This was offset by falls in exposure to counterparties in the Asia & Pacific region.

Exposure to other financial institutions was made up of exposures to a range of financial companies, the largest of which were funds (24%) securitisation vehicles (22%) and financial intermediaries (13%) including broker dealers and central counterparties (CCPs). The fall in exposure took place across a number of areas, and was caused by idiosyncratic factors and market developments.



Exposure to the transport sector included asset-backed exposure to ocean-going vessels. A £1.3 billion fall in exposure was achieved during the period due to disposals, run-off and foreign exchange movements. Defaulted assets (AQ10) in the shipping sector represented 9% of the total exposure to this sector (31 December 2013 - 9%).

 

 



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk assets* (continued)

 

Asset quality














30 June 2014


31 December 2013



RBS excl.





RBS excl.





Probability of

RCR

RCR

Total

Total


Non-Core

Non-Core

Total

Total

AQ band

default range

£m

£m

£m

%


£m

£m

£m

%












AQ1

0% - 0.034%

117,853 

2,542 

120,395 

21.8 


129,197 

3,319 

132,516 

23.1 

AQ2

0.034% - 0.048%

22,913 

766 

23,679 

4.3 


22,942 

1,485 

24,427 

4.3 

AQ3

0.048% - 0.095%

40,632 

568 

41,200 

7.5 


41,325 

700 

42,025 

7.3 

AQ4

0.095% - 0.381%

127,618 

1,751 

129,369 

23.5 


114,258 

5,737 

119,995 

20.9 

AQ5

0.381% - 1.076%

79,575 

1,837 

81,412 

14.8 


77,676 

2,585 

80,261 

14.0 

AQ6

1.076% - 2.153%

35,610 

2,514 

38,124 

6.9 


44,476 

3,138 

47,614 

8.3 

AQ7

2.153% - 6.089%

28,608 

3,164 

31,772 

5.8 


31,504 

2,060 

33,564 

5.9 

AQ8

6.089% - 17.222%

7,983 

1,575 

9,558 

1.7 


9,492 

899 

10,391 

1.8 

AQ9

17.222% - 100%

4,753 

987 

5,740 

1.0 


6,741 

771 

7,512 

1.3 

AQ10

100%

14,396 

22,891 

37,287 

6.8 


21,814 

20,743 

42,557 

7.4 

Other (1)


32,550 

555 

33,105 

6.0 


30,191 

1,903 

32,094 

5.6 














512,491 

39,150 

551,641 

100 


529,616 

43,340 

572,956 

100 

 

Note:

(1)

Largely comprises assets covered by the standardised approach, for which a probability of default equivalent to those assigned to assets covered by the internal ratings based approach is not available.

 











RCR


RBS excl. RCR


Total



% of



% of



% of



sector



sector



sector



 credit risk



 credit risk



 credit risk


AQ10

 assets


AQ10

 assets


AQ10

 assets

AQ10 credit risk assets by sector

£m

%


£m

%


£m

%










30 June 2014









Property

17,459 

81.4 


3,268 

6.5 


20,727 

29.0 

Personal

223 

90.6 


8,140 

4.6 


8,363 

4.7 

Retail & Leisure

1,658 

63.3 


1,086 

4.5 


2,744 

10.2 

Transport

1,384 

31.9 


295 

1.2 


1,679 

5.9 

Business Services

857 

52.9 


792 

3.2 


1,649 

6.2 

Other

1,310 

14.7 


815 

0.4 


2,125 

1.0 










Total

22,891 

58.5 


14,396 

2.8 


37,287 

6.8 











Non-Core


RBS excl. Non-Core


Total



% of



% of



% of



sector



sector



sector



 credit risk



 credit risk



 credit risk


AQ10

 assets


AQ10

 assets


AQ10

 assets

31 December 2013

£m

%


£m

%


£m

%










Property

17,437 

75.9 


6,907 

12.9 


24,344 

31.8 

Personal

230 

9.9 


8,736 

5.0 


8,966 

5.1 

Retail & Leisure

1,166 

57.6 


1,820 

7.4 


2,986 

11.2 

Transport

553 

10.0 


1,262 

5.2 


1,815 

6.1 

Business Services

298 

30.1 


1,421 

5.4 


1,719 

6.2 

Other

1,059 

11.1 


1,668 

0.7 


2,727 

1.2 










Total

20,743 

47.9 


21,814 

4.1 


42,557 

7.4 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Credit risk assets*: Asset quality (continued)

 

Key points

Changes in asset quality of credit risk exposures in H1 2014 reflected the changes in composition of the portfolio, market conditions and the run-off of RCR assets.



The decrease in the AQ1 band reflected the decrease in exposure to sovereigns. The increase in the AQ4 band was caused by the recalibration of models for UK personal mortgages to reflect continued improvements in observed default rates.



The proportion of exposure in the AQ10 band fell to 6.8% of the total portfolio. This was driven by RCR's accelerated disposal strategy and the economic climate. The proportion of exposure in AQ10 fell in all sectors that have experienced difficult market conditions in the past few years, including the shipping portfolio.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Market risk

Market risk is the risk of losses arising from fluctuations in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign currency rates, equity prices, commodity prices and other factors, such as market volatilities, that may lead to a reduction in earnings, economic value or both. For a description of market risk framework, governance, policies and methodologies, refer to the Risk and balance sheet management - Market risk section in the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts. There were no material changes to market risk methodologies or models during H1 2014.

 

Trading portfolios

 

Value-at-risk

The tables below analyse the internal value-at-risk (VaR) for RBS trading portfolios segregated by type of market risk exposure, and between CIB and RCR or Non-Core.


Half year ended


Year ended


30 June 2014


30 June 2013


31 December 2013


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

Trading VaR (1-day 99%)

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 
















Interest rate

16.7 

14.9 

39.8 

10.9 


40.3 

30.3 

78.2 

24.6 


37.2 

44.1 

78.2 

19.1 

Credit spread

28.3 

24.4 

42.8 

20.9 


72.9 

57.9 

86.8 

55.8 


60.0 

37.3 

86.8 

33.3 

Currency

5.4 

3.0 

8.5 

2.0 


11.2 

9.3 

20.6 

4.6 


8.6 

6.5 

20.6 

3.6 

Equity

3.5 

2.5 

6.0 

2.1 


6.8 

4.8 

12.8 

4.2 


5.8 

4.1 

12.8 

3.2 

Commodity

0.6 

0.7 

1.4 

0.3 


1.3 

0.9 

3.7 

0.5 


0.9 

0.5 

3.7 

0.3 

Diversification (1)


(24.8)





(23.4)





(23.7)


















Total

30.6 

20.7 

58.2 

20.7 


96.4 

79.8 

118.8 

69.5 


79.3 

68.8 

118.8 

42.1 
















CIB

28.2 

21.3 

48.8 

20.5 


80.1 

64.1 

104.6 

57.6 


64.2 

52.4 

104.6 

35.6 

RCR (2)

6.0 

3.5 

16.2 

3.3 


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Non-Core

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a


21.1 

19.2 

24.9 

18.1 


19.3 

15.2 

24.9 

14.9 



 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Market risk: Trading portfolios:Value-at-risk (continued)


Quarter ended


30 June 2014


31 March 2014


31 December 2013


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 


Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 

Trading VaR

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 
















Interest rate

14.3 

14.9 

17.0 

12.0 


19.1 

14.0 

39.8 

10.9 


32.3 

44.1 

44.1 

19.1 

Credit spread

25.0 

24.4 

31.8 

20.9 


31.4 

25.6 

42.8 

24.1 


40.5 

37.3 

48.4 

33.3 

Currency

4.4 

3.0 

8.3 

2.0 


6.4 

3.7 

8.5 

3.7 


5.9 

6.5 

9.6 

3.6 

Equity

3.2 

2.5 

4.9 

2.1 


3.8 

4.5 

6.0 

2.7 


4.3 

4.1 

12.6 

3.2 

Commodity

0.6 

0.7 

1.4 

0.4 


0.5 

0.4 

0.8 

0.3 


0.7 

0.5 

2.5 

0.4 

Diversification (1)


(24.8)





(21.1)





(23.7)


















Total

24.8 

20.7 

28.5 

20.7 


36.3 

27.1 

58.2 

25.8 


58.6 

68.8 

69.7 

42.1 































CIB

23.8 

21.3 

28.7 

20.5 


32.4 

23.6 

48.8 

22.6 


44.1 

52.4 

54.4 

35.6 

RCR (2)

4.0 

3.5 

6.8 

3.3 


8.0 

7.5 

16.2 

3.5 


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Non-Core

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a


15.7 

15.2 

17.7 

14.9 

 

Notes:

(1)

The Group benefits from diversification as it reduces risk by allocating positions across various financial instrument types, currencies and markets. The extent of the diversification benefit depends on the correlation between the assets and risk factors in the portfolio at a particular time. The diversification factor is the sum of the VaR on individual risk types less the total portfolio VaR.

(2)

The detailed RCR perimeter was not finalised at the start of the year. As average, maximum and minimum VaR are measures that require daily data, they have been prepared on a best efforts basis.

 

Key points 

·

The period end and average total VaR were lower in H1 2014 than in H2 2013, driven by continued reductions in credit spread and interest rate VaR, notably during Q1 2014.



·

The reduction in credit spread VaR was primarily driven by credit valuation adjustments (CVA) and funding valuation adjustments being included in the internal VaR measure in February 2014. Previously, only associated hedges were included. This approach reflects a more comprehensive economic view of the risk. Continued risk reduction also contributed to the decline in VaR.



·

The reduction in interest rate VaR was driven by de-risking and repositioning in CIB, primarily in the Rates business.

 


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Market risk: Trading portfolios (continued)

 

Capital charges*

The total market risk minimum capital requirement calculated in accordance with CRD IV, £2,669 million at 30 June 2014, represents 8% of the corresponding RWA amount, £33.4 billion. It comprises a number of regulatory capital requirements split into two categories: (i) the Pillar 1 model-based position risk requirement (PRR) of £1,717 million, which in turn comprises several modelled charges and (ii) the standardised PRR of £952 million, which also has several components.

 

The contributors to the Pillar 1 model-based PRR are presented in the table below.

 

Following the implementation of CRD IV on 1 January 2014, credit hedges eligible for CVA are no longer included in the modelled market risk capital charges, namely VaR, stressed VaR and the incremental risk charge. Such hedges are now included in the CVA capital charge, which forms part of the capital calculation for counterparty credit risk.

 






CRD IV

Basel 2.5






31 March

31 December


CRD IV

2014 

2013 


Average

Maximum

Minimum

Period end

Period end

Period end

Half year ended 30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m








Value-at-risk

372 

527 

264 

264 

367 

576 

Stressed VaR

791 

856 

650 

650 

856 

841 

Incremental risk charge

429 

530 

360 

360 

420 

443 

All price risk

Risk not in VaR (RNIV)

435 

472 

406 

443 

456 

218 








Total




1,717 

2,104 

2,086 

 

Key points 

·

Overall, the Pillar 1 model-based PRR declined 18% to £1.7 billion in H1 2014, driven by reductions in the VaR and Stressed VaR charges, offset somewhat by an increase in the RNIV charge.



·

The decrease in the VaR charge in H1 was primarily driven by the removal of the CVA eligible hedges (as noted above) and ongoing risk reduction.



·

The decreases in the VaR and Stressed VaR charges in Q2 were driven primarily by a reduction of the asset backed product portfolio in line with risk reduction strategy.



·

Given the reduction in the size of the correlation trading portfolio, RBS ceased using an internal model for all price risk during Q2. With the PRA's approval, all remaining open risk is now capitalised under standardised rules.



·

The RNIV charge increased in H1 as, following an agreement with the PRA, the materiality threshold previously in place was removed and all RNIVs are now capitalised.

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Market risk: Non-trading portfolios (continued)

 

Non-trading portfolios

 

Non-trading VaR

The average VaR for the Group's non-trading book, predominantly comprising available-for-sale portfolios, was £4.8 million during H1 2014 compared with £7.8 million during H2 2013. This was largely driven by a decline in the credit spread VaR in Q1, which partly reflected a decision to switch some of the securities that RBS holds as collateral from floating-rate notes issued by financial institutions to government bonds during March as part of efforts to reduce RWAs. The period end VaR decreased from £5.0 million at 31 December 2013 to £3.3 million at 31 March 2014, for the reason explained above. It increased to £5.8 million at 30 June 2014, largely due to data quality improvements that expanded the scope of positions captured in RBS's non-traded VaR metrics.

 

Structured credit portfolio

The structured credit portfolio is measured on a notional and fair value basis because of its illiquid nature. Notional and fair value decreased to £0.5 billion and £0.4 billion respectively (31 December 2013 - £0.7 billion and £0.5 billion), reflecting the sale of underlying assets, primarily consumer ABS (student loans), RMBS and a small amount of CLOs, in line with RCR strategy.

 

Non-trading interest rate risk

Non-traded interest rate risk impacts earnings arising from the Group's banking activities. This excludes positions in financial instruments which are classified as held-for-trading.

 

The methodology relating to interest rate risk is detailed in the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts.

 

Non-traded interest rate risk VaR metrics are based on interest rate repricing gap reports as at the reporting date. These incorporate customer products and associated funding and hedging transactions as well as non-financial assets and liabilities such as property, plant and equipment, capital and reserves. Behavioural assumptions are applied as appropriate.

 

VaR does not provide a dynamic measurement of interest rate risk since static underlying repricing gap positions are assumed. Changes in customer behaviour under varying interest rate scenarios are captured by way of earnings at risk measures. VaR relating to non-traded interest rate risk for RBS's retail and commercial banking activities at a 99% confidence level and a currency analysis at the period end were as follows:







Average 

Period end 

Maximum 

Minimum 


£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 






30 June 2014

64 

68 

79 

45 

31 December 2013

45 

51 

57 

30 









30 June

31 December



2014 

2013 



£m 

£m 






Euro



Sterling



19 

US dollar



73 

44 

Other





 

 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Market risk: Non-trading portfolios (continued)

 

Key points

·

The increase in period end VaR mainly reflects an increase in the duration of the Group's balance sheet, largely due to action taken by CFG to reduce earnings sensitivity to movements in short-term dollar interest rates.



·

The decline in sterling VaR over the period did not reflect a reduction in RBS's underlying exposure to sterling fixed rate assets, which was broadly unchanged. Instead, it reflected reduced volatility in sterling interest rates over the period and a smoother maturity profile of the underlying exposures.



·

These movements remained well within the Group's approved market risk appetite.

 

 

Sensitivity of net interest income*

Earnings sensitivity to rate movements is derived from a central forecast over a twelve month period. Market implied forward rates and new business volume, mix and pricing consistent with business assumptions are used to generate a base case earnings forecast.

 

The following table shows the sensitivity of net interest income, over the next twelve months, to an immediate upward or downward change of 100 basis points to all interest rates. In addition, the table includes the impact of a gradual 400 basis point steepening (bear steepener) and a gradual 300 basis point flattening (bull flattener) of the yield curve at tenors greater than a year.

 

The scenarios represent annualised interest rate stresses of a scale deemed sufficient to trigger a modification in customer behaviour. The asymmetry in the steepening and flattening scenarios reflects the difference in the expected behaviour of interest rates as they approach zero.

 


Euro 

Sterling 

US dollar 

Other 

Total 

30 June 2014

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 

£m 







+ 100 basis point shift in yield curves

27 

413 

140 

23 

603 

- 100 basis point shift in yield curves

(66)

(280)

(53)

(28)

(427)

Bear steepener





387 

Bull flattener





(229)







31 December 2013












+ 100 basis point shift in yield curves

59 

416 

175 

31 

681 

- 100 basis point shift in yield curves

(29)

(333)

(82)

(15)

(459)

Bear steepener





403 

Bull flattener





(273)

 

Key points

·

The Group's interest rate exposure remains asset sensitive, such that rising rates will have a positive impact on its net interest income.



·

The reduction in interest income sensitivity over the period largely reflects action taken by CFG to reduce earnings sensitivity to movements in short-term dollar interest rates.

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Country risk

Country risk is the risk of losses occurring as a result of either a country event or unfavourable country operating conditions. As country events may simultaneously affect all or many individual exposures to a country, country event risk is a concentration risk. For other types of concentration risks such as product, sector or single-name concentration, refer to the Credit risk section. For a description of the governance, monitoring and management of RBS's country risk framework and definitions, refer to Risk and balance sheet management - Country risk of RBS's 2013 Annual Report and Accounts.

 

Overview*

The comments below relate to changes in the six months to 30 June 2014 unless indicated otherwise.

·

Net balance sheet and off-balance sheet exposure to most countries shown in the summary tables declined across most broad product categories. RBS maintained a cautious stance, many clients continued to reduce debt levels, and the US dollar and the euro depreciated against sterling by 3.3% and 3.9% respectively.



·

Total eurozone net balance sheet exposure decreased by £4.9 billion or 5% to £97.6 billion. This was caused largely by reductions in cash deposits held with central banks in Germany and the Netherlands, in corporate lending in Ireland and Germany, and in net held-for-trading (HFT) government bond positions in the Netherlands and Spain. CDS net bought protection on eurozone exposure increased by £1.1 billion. Net HFT debt securities in Germany, France, Belgium, Austria and Finland increased while exposure to the Netherlands, Italy and Spain decreased, driven by market opportunities. Net lending in RCR was £4.3 billion for the eurozone as a whole, including £1.4 billion in Germany, £0.8 billion in Spain and £0.6 billion in both France and Ireland. Commercial real estate sector accounted for broadly half of the total.



·

Eurozone periphery net balance sheet exposure decreased by £1.5 billion to £40.3 billion.


Ireland - Ulster Bank Ireland moved £2.0 billion of cash deposits with RBS to the Central Bank of Ireland in anticipation of the new CRD IV liquidity coverage ratio requirements, which will come into effect in 2015. Net lending to corporates and households decreased by £1.4 billion and £0.8 billion respectively, reflecting currency movements, repayments, sales and write-offs.


Spain - net balance sheet exposure decreased by £1.8 billion, largely as a result of reductions in net HFT and AFS debt securities and lower lending to the commercial real estate sector. The reduction in AFS securities reflected the sale of some of the covered bonds ('cedulas') in the RBS NV liquidity buffer.


Italy - net derivatives to banks increased by £1.2 billion, driven by the novation of a portfolio from a counterparty. The novated exposure is fully cash collateralised. Net HFT government bonds exposure declined by £0.8 billion.


Portugal - net HFT debt securities increased by nearly £0.2 billion reflecting greater appetite for Portuguese trading exposure.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Country risk: Overview* (continued)

·

Germany - net balance sheet exposure fell by £3.8 billion, mainly due to a decrease of £2.7 billion in cash deposits with the Bundesbank. Other significant reductions were in commercial real estate lending (£1.3 billion) and in derivatives, notably to banks, by £0.6 billion reflecting market movements. Off-balance exposure decreased by £1.0 billion, mostly owing to a reduction in the insurance sector.



·

France - net balance sheet exposure rose by £0.8 billion, reflecting business fluctuations. Off-balance exposure decreased by £0.4 billion, largely due to reductions in the oil and gas, industrials and insurance sectors.



·

Netherlands - net balance sheet exposure fell by £2.8 billion as a result of a drop in HFT government bonds, a decrease in cash deposits held with the central bank, and reductions in AFS debt securities. RBS NV's liquidity needs have decreased in line with balance sheet reductions, and sales are being executed dependent on market conditions, which were relatively benign in H1. Off-balance sheet exposure increased by £0.2 billion, primarily in the non-bank financial institutions sector.



·

Belgium - net balance sheet exposure increased by £1.0 billion, in HFT government bonds. Off balance exposure decreased by £0.3 billion, mostly in the electricity sector.



·

Other eurozone - net HFT government bonds increased by £0.6 billion reflecting increased long positions.



·

China - lending to banks increased by £0.2 billion, while off-balance sheet exposure to banks fell by a similar amount. The bank undertakes stress testing across both financial institutions and corporate portfolios, with early warning indicators and action plans for a possible economic downturn.



·

Japan - net balance sheet exposure decreased by £0.9 billion as a result of reductions in derivatives exposure to banks and other financial institutions and lower corporate lending.



·

India - net balance sheet exposure fell by £0.9 billion, with reductions in lending and AFS debt exposure to banks and in lending to corporate clients. These reductions in part reflected securities and loans sales to reduce risk-weighted assets in favourable market conditions.



·

Russia - net balance sheet exposure decreased by £0.1 billion to £1.8 billion, including £0.9 billion of corporate lending and £0.6 billion of lending to banks. Nearly half of the latter exposure was fully hedged. Following developments in Ukraine, ratings were reviewed, limits adjusted and additional credit restrictions placed on new business. Exposures are also reviewed against any international sanctions.



·

Turkey - lending to banks increased by £0.3 billion, partly reflecting drawings under committed limits.



·

Funding mismatches - material estimated funding mismatches at risk of redenomination at 30 June 2014 were: Ireland £7.5 billion (up from £6.5 billion at 31 December 2013 largely due to the £2.0 billion increase in cash held with the central bank and reduced central bank funding); Spain £5.0 billion (down from £6.5 billion); Italy £0.5 billion (broadly unchanged as assets fell and a central bank funding line was no longer used); and Portugal £0.5 billion (slightly up due to higher debt trading). The net positions for Greece and Cyprus were minimal. Risks of eurozone break-up (redenomination events) have materially fallen since 2011-2012 owing to major improvements in liquidity conditions, driven by the availability of substantial new tools for the ECB, the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism and member countries' progress on reducing imbalances.

 

 

 

 

*Not within the scope of Deloitte LLP's review report


 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Country risk: Summary of country exposures


Net balance sheet exposure


Of which:


Off-







CDS

Govt

 Central

Other

Other





Net


Debt securities


Net

balance

Total


Lending

AFS


notional less

banks

banks

FI

 Corporate

 Personal

Total

 lending


 AFS/LAR

 HFT (net)


 Derivatives

SFT

sheet

 exposure


 provisions

 reserves


fair value

30 June 2014

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m


£m

£m


£m

£m


£m


£m


£m

£m


£m


























Eurozone

























Ireland

323 

2,082 

741 

510 

7,516 

14,972 

26,144 


24,628 


220 

372 


924 


2,808 


28,952 


10,209 

(1)


(65)

Spain

133 

2,984 

1,479 

2,573 

82 

7,253 


2,309 


3,833 

140 


970 


1,849 


9,102 


181 

(215)


(279)

Italy

896 

16 

2,517 

671 

1,437 

27 

5,564 


1,473 


549 

501 


3,041 


2,152 


7,716 


47 

(24)


(827)

Portugal

136 

362 

130 

254 

891 


213 


90 

215 


373 


317 


1,208 


95 

(2)


(156)

Greece

223 

100 

17 

345 


78 



263 


24 


369 


26 


(13)

Cyprus

107 

12 

131 


103 



19 


15 


146 


43 



























Eurozone

























  periphery

1,497 

2,100 

6,828 

2,797 

11,987 

15,119 

40,328 


28,804 


4,692 

1,241 


5,590 


7,165 


47,493 


10,601 

(242)


(1,340)


























Germany

8,111 

851 

3,948 

4,567 

2,388 

95 

19,960 


3,595 


5,518 

3,002 


6,815 

1,030 


6,195 


26,155 


42 

60 


(1,451)

France

3,203 

6,895 

2,205 

2,235 

92 

14,632 


4,053 


1,749 

2,218 


5,931 

681 


9,393 


24,025 


132 

(27)


(2,326)

Netherlands

(224)

892 

5,055 

5,132 

2,264 

27 

13,146 


3,650 


3,856 

(534)


6,089 

85 


9,985 


23,131 


148 

646 


(552)

Belgium

1,358 

1,928 

96 

402 

23 

3,808 


509 


369 

871 


1,994 

65 


912 


4,720 


(29)


(237)

Luxembourg

268 

586 

465 

578 

1,902 


1,024 


86 

143 


526 

123 


1,201 


3,103 


47 


(100)

Other

1,906 

22 

790 

181 

871 

19 

3,789 


1,082 


500 

954 


1,248 


1,040 


4,829 


(21)


(679)


























Total

























  eurozone

15,851 

4,136 

26,030 

15,443 

20,725 

15,380 

97,565 


42,717 


16,770 

7,895 


28,193 

1,990 


35,891 


133,456 


10,970 

387 


(6,685)


























China

161 

126 

3,013 

282 

1,572 

45 

5,199 


4,882 


130 

12 


175 


1,394 


6,593 



(7)

Japan

565 

1,416 

1,294 

561 

455 

35 

4,326 


2,288 


12 

518 


1,229 

279 


792 


5,118 



(21)

India

470 

77 

486 

129 

1,635 

38 

2,835 


2,304 


366 

121 


44 


764 


3,599 


18 

(2)


(28)

Russia

81 

80 

631 

45 

942 

55 

1,834 


1,738 


81 


15 


216 


2,050 


(1)


(101)

Turkey

97 

67 

423 

110 

1,050 

18 

1,765 


1,654 


44 


57 


169 


1,934 


17 


(40)

South Korea

241 

830 

51 

543 

1,669 


1,192 


131 

138 


208 


520 


2,189 



126 

Brazil

267 

901 

131 

1,310 


966 


274 


70 


206 


1,516 



(3)

 

These tables show RBS exposure, at 30 June 2014 and 31 December 2013 by country of operation of the counterparty, except exposures to governments and individuals which are shown by country of residence. Balance sheet exposures are now shown net of loan impairment provisions and prior period data are shown on the same basis. Countries shown are those where the balance sheet exposure exceeded £1 billion and which had ratings of A+ or below from Standard and Poor's, Moody's or Fitch at 30 June 2014, as well as selected eurozone countries. The exposures are stated before taking into account risk mitigants, such as guarantees, insurance or collateral (with the exception of reverse repos). Exposures relating to ocean-going vessels are not included as they cannot be meaningfully assigned to specific countries from a country risk perspective.



 

Appendix 1 Capital and risk management

 

Country risk: Summary of country exposures

 


Net balance sheet exposure


Of which:


Off-








Govt

 Central

Other

Other





Net


Debt securities


Net

 balance

Total


Lending

AFS


 CDS  notional

banks

banks

FI

 Corporate

 Personal

Total

 lending


 AFS/LAR

 HFT (net)


 Derivatives

SFT

sheet

 exposure


 provisions

 reserves


less fair value

31 December 2013

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m


£m

£m


£m

£m


£m


£m


£m

£m


£m


























Eurozone

























Ireland

188 

116 

688 

561 

8,973 

15,821 

26,347 


24,893 


233 

248 


900 

73 


2,711 


29,058 


10,701 

(9)


(166)

Spain

858 

3,439 

1,405 

3,093 

293 

9,088 


3,084 


4,162 

853 


989 


1,981 


11,069 


177 

(449)


(444)

Italy

1,676 

22 

1,329 

891 

1,171 

26 

5,115 


1,582 


519 

1,240 


1,774 


1,962 


7,077 


46 

(43)


(734)

Portugal

35 

310 

114 

312 

777 


290 


93 

43 


351 


280 


1,057 


99 

(5)


(163)

Greece

228 

105 

14 

349 


89 



260 


38 


387 


38 


(12)

Cyprus

144 

10 

157 


139 



16 


18 


175 


54 



























Eurozone

























2,759 

139 

5,995 

2,972 

13,798 

16,170 

41,833 


30,077 


5,007 

2,386 


4,290 

73 


6,990 


48,823 


11,115 

(506)


(1,519)


























Germany

7,215 

3,588 

5,044 

4,265 

3,520 

90 

23,722 


8,013 


5,168 

2,524 


7,416 

601 


7,189 


30,911 


211 

29 


(1,340)

France

2,806 

6,714 

1,832 

2,427 

79 

13,858 


4,197 


1,692 

1,678 


5,660 

631 


9,807 


23,665 


123 

(32)


(1,747)

Netherlands

1,509 

1,713 

4,604 

5,786 

2,303 

21 

15,936 


4,652 


4,661 

819 


5,697 

107 


9,763 


25,699 


187 

97 


(356)

Belgium

106 

1,995 

267 

431 

2,801 


713 


443 

(480)


2,123 


1,170 


3,971 


26 

(34)


(123)

Luxembourg

(1)

11 

524 

659 

386 

1,583 


741 


75 

98 


581 

88 


1,043 


2,626 


50 


(58)

Other

1,075 

22 

654 

160 

783 

18 

2,712 


879 


510 

331 


918 

74 


1,202 


3,914 


(24)


(476)


























Total

























  eurozone

15,469 

5,473 

25,530 

15,941 

23,648 

16,384 

102,445 


49,272 


17,556 

7,356 


26,685 

1,576 


37,164 


139,609 


11,713 

(470)


(5,619)


























China

345 

200 

2,794 

244 

1,518 

33 

5,134 


4,584 


166 

13 


370 


1,689 


6,823 


16 

(1)


(14)

Japan

(129)

1,600 

2,240 

830 

687 

34 

5,262 


2,795 


72 

(172)


2,365 

202 


352 


5,614 



India

536 

70 

949 

91 

2,050 

36 

3,732 


2,909 


571 

160 


92 


813 


4,545 


18 

(4)


(21)

Russia

152 

37 

754 

949 

53 

1,951 


1,781 


149 


19 


364 


2,315 



(65)

Turkey

173 

59 

169 

126 

1,064 

24 

1,615 


1,404 


50 

67 


94 


324 


1,939 


18 


(32)

South Korea

238 

755 

133 

576 

1,708 


1,125 


179 

154 


250 


681 


2,389 



176 

Brazil

262 

914 

148 

1,329 


977 


268 


84 


245 


1,574 



12 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 2

 

Income statement reconciliations


 

Appendix 2 Income statement reconciliations

 


Half year ended


30 June 2014


30 June 2013


Non-

One-off items

Presentational

Statutory


Non-

One-off items

Presentational

Statutory

statutory

reallocation

adjustments (1)


statutory

reallocation

adjustments (1)

£m

£m 

£m 

£m


£m

£m 

£m 

£m











Interest receivable

7,621 

7,621 


8,560 

8,560 

Interest payable

(2,125)

(3)

(2,128)


(3,118)

(5)

(3,123)











Net interest income

5,496 

(3)

5,493 


5,442 

(5)

5,437 











Fees and commissions receivable

2,605 

2,605 


2,708 

2,708 

Fees and commissions payable

(487)

(487)


(460)

(460)

Income from trading activities

1,482 

11 

1,493 


1,890 

174 

2,064 

Gain on redemption of own debt

20 

20 


191 

191 

Other operating income

882 

154 

1,036 


1,028 

304 

1,332 











Non-interest income

4,482 

185 

4,667 


5,166 

669 

5,835 











Total income

9,978 

182 

10,160 


10,608 

664 

11,272 











Staff costs

(3,340)

(196)

(3,536)


(3,585)

(142)

(3,727)

Premises and equipment

(1,079)

(196)

(1,275)


(1,079)

(25)

(1,104)

Other administrative expenses

(1,292)

(1)

(369)

(1,662)


(1,479)

(704)

(2,181)

Depreciation and amortisation

(551)

(3)

(554)


(716)

(20)

(736)

Restructuring costs

(514)

514 


(271)

271 

Litigation and conduct costs

(250)

250 


(620)

620 

Write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets

(82)

(130)

(212)












Operating expenses

(7,108)

(131)

(7,239)


(7,750)

(7,748)











Profit before impairment losses

2,870 

51 

2,921 


2,858 

666 

3,524 

Impairment losses

(269)

(269)


(2,150)

(2,150)











Operating profit

2,601 

51 

2,652 


708 

666 

1,374 

 

For the notes to this table refer to the following page.



 

Appendix 2 Income statement reconciliations

 


Half year ended


30 June 2014


30 June 2013


Non-

One-off items

Presentational

Statutory


Non-

One-off items

Presentational

Statutory


statutory

reallocation

adjustments (1)


statutory

reallocation

adjustments (1)


£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m











Operating profit

2,601 

51 

2,652 


708 

666 

1,374 

Own credit adjustments (2)

(51)

51 


376 

(376)

Gain on redemption of own debt

20 

(20)


191 

(191)

Write-down of goodwill

(130)

130 


Strategic disposals

191 

(191)


RFS Holdings minority interest

21 

(21)


99 

(99)











Profit before tax

2,652 

2,652 


1,374 

1,374 

Tax charge

(733)

(733)


(678)

(678)











Profit for continuing operations

1,919 

1,919 


696 

696 

Profit from discontinued operations, net of tax

35 

35 


138 

138 











Profit for the period

1,954 

1,954 


834 

834 

Non-controlling interests

(42)

(42)


(117)

(117)

Preference share and other dividends

(487)

(487)


(182)

(182)











Profit attributable to ordinary and B shareholders

1,425 

1,425 


535 

535 

 

Notes:

(1)

Reallocation of restructuring costs and litigation and conduct costs into the statutory operating expense line.

(2)

Reallocation of £11 million gain (2013 - £175 million gain) to income from trading activities and £62 million loss (2013 - £201 million gain) to other operating income.

 



 

 

Appendix 2 Income statement reconciliations

 


Quarter ended


30 June 2014


31 March 2014


30 June 2013


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory

statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)


 statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)


 statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)

£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m
















Interest receivable

3,822 

(1)

3,821 


3,799 

3,800 


4,281 

4,281 

Interest payable

(1,024)

(1,023)


(1,101)

(4)

(1,105)


(1,511)

(3)

(1,514)
















Net interest income

2,798 

2,798 


2,698 

(3)

2,695 


2,770 

(3)

2,767 
















Fees and commissions receivable

1,314 

1,314 


1,291 

1,291 


1,392 

1,392 

Fees and commissions payable

(251)

(251)


(236)

(236)


(250)

(250)

Income from trading activities

626 

(85)

541 


856 

96 

952 


874 

75 

949 

Gain on redemption of own debt


20 

20 


242 

242 

Other operating income

438 

(93)

345 


444 

247 

691 


661 

59 

720 
















Non-interest income

2,127 

(178)

1,949 


2,355 

363 

2,718 


2,677 

376 

3,053 
















Total income

4,925 

(178)

4,747 


5,053 

360 

5,413 


5,447 

373 

5,820 
















Staff costs

(1,693)

(153)

(1,845)


(1,647)

(1)

(43)

(1,691)


(1,764)

(76)

(1,840)

Premises and equipment

(485)

(137)

(622)


(594)

(59)

(653)


(526)

(22)

(548)

Other administrative expenses

(605)

(2)

(344)

(951)


(687)

(25)

(711)


(801)

(618)

(1,418)

Depreciation and amortisation

(282)

(1)

(282)


(269)

(1)

(2)

(272)


(346)

(3)

(349)

Restructuring costs

(385)

385 


(129)

129 


(149)

149 

Litigation and conduct costs

(250)

250 



(570)

570 

Write down of goodwill and other















  intangible assets

(130)

(130)


(82)

(82)

















Operating expenses

(3,700)

(130)

(3,830)


(3,408)

(1)

(3,409)


(4,156)

(4,155)
















Profit before impairment















  losses

1,225 

(308)

917 


1,645 

359 

2,004 


1,291 

374 

1,665 

Impairment losses

93 

93 


(362)

(362)


(1,117)

(1,117)
















Operating profit

1,318 

(308)

1,010 


1,283 

359 

1,642 


174 

374 

548 

 

For the notes to this refer to the following page.



 

Appendix 2 Income statement reconciliations

 


Quarter ended


30 June 2014


31 March 2014


30 June 2013


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory


Non-

One-off items

 Presentational

 Statutory


statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)


 statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)


 statutory

 reallocation

adjustments (1)


£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m


£m

£m

£m

£m
















Operating profit

1,318 

(308)

1,010 


1,283 

359 

1,642 


174 

374 

548 

Own credit adjustments (2)

(190)

190 


139 

(139)


127 

(127)

Gain on redemption of own debt


20 

(20)


242 

(242)

Write-down of goodwill

(130)

130 



Strategic disposals


191 

(191)


(6)

RFS Holdings minority interest

12 

(12)


(9)


(1)
















Profit before tax

1,010 

1,010 


1,642 

1,642 


548 

548 

Tax charge

(371)

(371)


(362)

(362)


(328)

(328)
















Profit from continuing operations

639 

639 


1,280 

1,280 


220 

220 

Profit from discontinued operations,















  net of tax

26 

26 


















Profit for the period

665 

665 


1,289 

1,289 


229 

229 

Non-controlling interests

(23)

(23)


(19)

(19)


14 

14 

Preference share and other dividends

(412)

(412)


(75)

(75)


(101)

(101)
















Profit attributable to ordinary















  and B shareholders

230 

230 


1,195 

1,195 


142 

142 

 

Notes:

(1)

Reallocation of restructuring costs and litigation and conduct costs into the statutory operating expense line.

(2)

Reallocation of £84 million loss (Q1 2014 - £95 million gain; Q2 2013 - £76 million gain) to income from trading activities and £106 million loss (Q1 2014 - £44 million gain; Q2 2013 - £51 million gain) to other operating income.

 


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