Final Results

FBD Holdings PLC 05 March 2008 FBD HOLDINGS PLC PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2007 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2007 2006 % €000s €000s • Gross written premiums 407,953 407,256 +0.2% • Net earned premiums 350,321 345,959 +1.3% • Operating profit* 235,510 158,515 +48.6% • Adjusted operating profit ** 127,883 158,515 -19.3% Cent Cent • Adjusted operating earnings per share** 316.33 376.60 -16.0% • Ordinary dividend per share 79.50 69.00 +15.2% • Special dividend per share (paid) - La Cala land sale - 160.00 n/a • Distribution of Financial Reserves per share (paid) 500.00 - n/a • Net assets per 60c ordinary share 1,154.54 1,424.76 -19.0% * Based on a longer term investment return ** Adjusted to exclude impact of change in reserving policy Commenting on the results, Philip Fitzsimons, Chief Executive said: 'We delivered another strong performance in the year under review. In our insurance business, we increased our market share in what continued to be a very competitive environment. The plans which we have been pursuing to strengthen and broaden our platform for growth are already achieving positive outcomes. Our new Business Support Centre has extended our sales and service capabilities and new e-commerce and business development initiatives are well advanced'. 5th March 2008 For Reference Telephone FBD Philip Fitzsimons, Chief Executive +353 1 4093200 Andrew Langford, Finance Director Murray Consultants Joe Murray +353 1 4980300 FBD HOLDINGS PLC PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT Results for the year ended 31st December 2007 FBD Holdings plc ('FBD' or 'the Group') is pleased to announce solid operating results for the year ended 31st December 2007. RESULTS Operating Profit Group operating profit amounted to €235.5m, which includes a non-recurring credit of €107.6m arising from a revision of the Group's claims reserving policy. (See comments in 'Underwriting' below). Adjusted Operating Profit (Footnote A) The adjusted operating profit amounted to €127.9m. The comparable figure for 2006 was €158.5m. The decline in this figure is mainly attributable to a reduction in the return on the Group's capital fund, which forms part of the Company's non-underwriting activities, as outlined hereunder. Of the €127.9m (2006: €158.5m) adjusted operating profit, €112.7m (2006: €124.6m) is attributable to underwriting activities and €15.2m (2006: €33.9m) to non-underwriting, as detailed below. In relation to underwriting, as anticipated, profit declined compared to 2006 due to lower margins resulting from premium reductions. Notwithstanding falling premium rates, gross written premiums were marginally ahead of 2006 due to continued growth in customer numbers and represents an increase in market share, as total market premium in 2007 reduced by approximately 6% (source: Irish Insurance Federation Statistics). In relation to non-underwriting, the decline in profit compared to 2006 is mainly attributable to the reduction in the return on the capital fund. The reduction results from utilising a major portion of the fund for the distribution of €176m of reserves to shareholders in June 2007 and from the fall in the value of equities that remained in the fund at year end. All of the Group's non-underwriting operating businesses delivered performances ahead of 2006. Profit before Tax Short term fluctuations in investment returns of €69.2m, negative (2006: €61.4m, positive) offset the positive impact of operating profit on the profit before tax figure. These fluctuations reflect the weakness in government bond markets in the first half year and the major downturn in equity markets in the second half year. After finance costs of €4.1m (2006: €4.8m), the profit before tax amounted to €162.2m (2006: €296.8m, which included the profit of €81.8m from the La Cala Tranche I land sale). Earnings per share (Footnote A) Adjusted operating earnings per share, based on longer term investment returns, amounted to 316.33c, enhanced by the share buybacks which the Group has undertaken. The comparable 2006 figure is 376.60c. UNDERWRITING Insurance underwriting (FBD Insurance) is the Group's primary business activity. Gross written premiums (i.e. before reinsurance) amounted to €407.9m, compared to €407.3m in 2006. Reductions in average premiums which prevailed throughout 2007 were offset by the growth in customer numbers achieved in the period. Net earned premiums amounted to €350.3m (2006: €346.0m). The adjusted net claims incurred charge (Footnote A) amounted to €239.1m (2006: €224.7m) comprised of net claims paid of €230.9m (2006: €193.6m) and an increase in net outstanding reserves of €8.1m (2006: €31.0m increase). The increased adjusted claims charge reflects the increase in exposures underwritten. The underwriting result benefited by €107.6m arising from the change in reserving policy. The decision to reduce the outstanding claims reserves was arrived at following a comprehensive review at year end. This review concluded that sufficient evidence has now emerged that the positive impact of the reform measures undertaken in recent years to improve the claims environment has been maintained and consequently that the Company's reserving policy should be altered to reflect this. Net operating expenses amounted to €51.9m (2006: €44.7m). The increase is attributable to our programme of investment in staffing, technology and facilities in order to achieve our development objectives. The foregoing premium/claim/expenses figures resulted in an underwriting profit of €166.9m (2006: €76.6m). The 2007 adjusted net operating ratios (Footnote A) were: loss ratio 68.2% (2006: 65.0%); expense ratio 14.8% (2006: 12.9%); combined ratio 83.0% (2006: 77.9%). After crediting longer term investment income of €53.4m (2006: €48.0m), the operating profit of FBD's underwriting business amounted to €220.3m (2006: €124.6m). NON-UNDERWRITING The Group's non-underwriting activities include leisure interests (hotels/golf) and leisure property development, financial services and the investment in equities of non-allocated capital ('the capital fund'). The contribution to operating profit from these activities amounted to €15.2m (2006: €33.9m). Leisure and property interests, which include the La Cala and Sunset Beach resorts in Spain and the Tower Hotel Group in Ireland, contributed €16.1m (2006: €10.1m) to operating profits. A higher level of property handovers at La Cala, combined with above budget results at Sunset Beach Resort and the Tower Hotel Group delivered the improved performance. The Group's financial service businesses, which embrace general insurance broking (FBD Brokers), life assurance/pension broking/investment advice (FBD Life) and instalment finance contributed €5.9m (2006: €4.3m) to operating profits. This increase was achieved through new business growth. The capital fund recorded a negative return of €6.8m (2006: positive return of €19.5m). The fund constitutes the remaining portion of non-allocated capital that had been invested in equities. At 1st January 2007 this fund amounted to €92m. As referred to earlier, the major portion of this fund was realised in connection with the special €176m payout to shareholders. The downturn in the value of the equities that remained in the fund, post the distribution, is reflected in the €6.8m negative return figure. BALANCE SHEET Total assets at year end amounted to €1,387.1m (2006: €1,686.6m). Ordinary shareholders' funds amounted to €383.6m (2006: €497.5m). Net Assets per share amounted to 1,154.54c (2006: 1,424.76c). The balance sheet reductions reflect the distribution of reserves (€176m) and share buybacks (€52.6m) during the year, in addition to the negative short term fluctuations in investments (€69.2m). FINAL ORDINARY DIVIDEND In view of the Group's strong results and the Board's commitment to increase the dividend/earnings payment ratio, a final ordinary dividend of 52.0c (2006: 45.0c) per share is being recommended by the Directors. This will bring the total ordinary dividend for the year to 79.5c (2006: 69.0c) an increase of 15.2%. The final ordinary dividend will be paid on the 2nd May 2008 to shareholders on the Company's Register at close of business on 25th March 2008. The final ordinary dividend is subject to withholding tax ('DWT') except for shareholders who are exempt from DWT and who have furnished a properly completed declaration of exemption to the Company's Registrar, from whom further details may be obtained. SPECIAL DISTRIBUTION The after tax impact on earnings arising from the change in reserving policy amounted to €94.2m. It is the Board's intention to distribute this amount to shareholders by way of a special distribution as soon as practical after shareholder approval has been obtained. It is also the intention of the Board to allow shareholders the option of choosing to receive this return in either of the ways specified in the Resolutions approved by shareholders in May 2007. These Resolutions provided for the issue and subsequent purchase of 'A' ordinary shares by the Company, or for the receipt of a special dividend. OUTLOOK The Board is confident that the Group will continue to progress this year and into the future. Underwriting Price reductions have been a continuous feature of the Irish Insurance market for the past five years, arising from reforms in the claims environment and competition. These have resulted in Irish combined ratios converging to European norms. In the knowledge of this inevitability, we have been pursuing plans focused on broadening and strengthening our platform for medium and long term growth, whilst maximising short term opportunities. These plans require ongoing investment in human and capital resources and leave us well positioned for the future. While such investment, by its nature, is not designed to deliver significant, immediate returns, positive outcomes are already evident. In recent weeks we launched a new stand-alone car insurance brand aimed at the budget market, a market which FBD's premium brand is not designed for. This new product, 'No Nonsense Car Insurance', is an internet-only offering. It is being marketed in conjunction with Ryanair Money, targeting car owners who wish to comply with basic legal insurance requirements only, with limited add-ons available at additional per item costs, should the purchaser so wish. Our Business Support Centre, which commenced operations in February 2007 and now has a complement of 150 staff, is providing additional sales capacity and service support for personal lines business. Branch office staff now have additional time available to pursue commercial insurance and related business opportunities. Significant new e-commerce developments and other initiatives to extend our customer reach and engagement are well advanced and we are confident that they will enhance our sales potential and our customer service levels. Price reductions have continued in the market in the current year. The sustainability of such pricing is questionable, given the cost/income ratios that insurers are reporting. It is the widespread view of industry analysts, however, that the downward trend is about to be reversed. In January of this year, we implemented single-digit price increases on specific products where ratios warranted rate changes. While this action has impacted policy growth, we do not regard increasing our customer numbers at uneconomic premium levels as a viable option. Gross premiums written are in line with the 2007 corresponding period. Non-Underwriting: The particular challenges which our leisure, property and financial services businesses faced in 2007 have continued in 2008. On the property/leisure front, oversupply of product in the marketplace is the key challenge facing our businesses, both in Ireland and in Spain. Management are focusing on new marketing/sales initiatives and operational cost efficiencies in meeting targets. As regards the La Cala Tranche II land sale agreement, we advised in our pre-close trading statement in December 2007 that, in addition to awaiting the outcome of the Andalucian Regional Planning process, which has been delayed by issues not associated with La Cala, our planning advisors were undertaking an additional parallel approach at local/municipal level aimed at finalising planning on the land. We reiterate their advices that, whilst delivery of the planning ultimately remains outside their control, they believe this will be obtained within the sale agreement deadline of June 2009. In financial services, management are targeting to build on the successes achieved in 2007 in developing new market segments to overcome lower commercial premium levels (FBD Brokers) and the difficult investment climate (FBD Life). Capital: In June 2007, the Group returned €176m, i.e. €5 per share, of surplus capital to shareholders. In addition, the Group undertook share buybacks amounting to €52.6m. The 2007 payouts bring the total for capital repatriations to shareholders since March 2005 to €496m. As previously stated, it is the Board's intention to distribute the after tax earnings of €94.2m specifically attributable to the claims reserves releases as soon as practical after AGM approval has been obtained. This decision further illustrates the Board's ongoing commitment to efficient capital management. It also reaffirms that the utilisation of capital generated by the Group will be determined in the light of the capital needs associated with the Group's development plans and consistent with maximising returns to shareholders. Footnote A Adjusted operating profit, adjusted operating earnings per share, adjusted net claims incurred charge and adjusted net operating ratios are arrived at by adjusting for the impact of the change in the Group's reserving policy. Footnote B Management will present these results to analysts at 9.30 a.m today. A copy of the presentation will be posted on the Group's website, www.fbd.ie at that time. FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP INCOME STATEMENT For year ended 31st December 2007 2007 2006 €000's €000's Turnover 567,381 693,926 ======= ======= Income Net premiums earned 350,321 345,959 Non underwriting operating income 15,175 33,919 Investment income - longer term rate of return 53,369 48,054 ------- ------- 418,865 427,932 Expenses Changes in insurance liabilities net of reinsurance Note 2 99,480 (31,064) Claims paid, net of recoveries from reinsurers (230,907) (193,648) Other operating expenses (51,928) (44,705) ------ ------ Operating profit Note 1 235,510 158,515 Profit on the sale of land at La Cala - 81,774 Investment income - short term fluctuation (69,253) 61,350 Finance costs (4,089) (4,859) ------ ------ Profit before tax 162,168 296,780 Income tax expense (22,093) (49,948) ------- ------- Profit for the year 140,075 246,832 ======= ======= Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent 139,874 246,641 Minority interest 201 191 ------- ------- 140,075 246,832 ======= ======= Cent Cent Basic earnings per 60c ordinary share 405.71 678.82 ====== ====== Diluted earnings per 60c ordinary share 402.77 671.30 ====== ====== FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP BALANCE SHEET - ASSETS As at 31st December 2007 2007 2006 €000's €000's ASSETS Property and equipment Land and buildings 225,158 213,564 Fixtures and fittings 18,186 16,815 ------- ------- 243,344 230,379 ------- ------- Intangible assets Deferred acquisition costs 15,271 13,517 ------- ------- Investments Investment property 83,019 81,181 Investments held for trading 183,970 558,850 Investments held to maturity 479,902 171,799 Available for sale investments 9,542 3,727 Deposits with banks 73,034 327,973 ------- -------- 829,467 1,143,530 ------- --------- Inventories 65,745 66,433 ------- ------- Loans and receivables 147,137 122,762 ------- ------- Reinsurers' share of technical provisions Provision for unearned premiums 21,994 21,953 Claims outstanding 28,489 50,600 ------- ------- 50,483 72,553 ------- ------- Cash and cash equivalents 35,618 37,423 --------- --------- Total assets 1,387,065 1,686,597 ========= ========= FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP BALANCE SHEET - EQUITY AND LIABILITIES As at 31st December 2007 2007 2006 €000's €000's EQUITY Ordinary share capital Note 4 21,277 21,277 Capital reserves 12,956 12,605 Revaluation reserves 29,986 27,540 Translation reserves 389 162 Retained earnings 318,981 435,935 ------- ------- Shareholders' funds - equity interests 383,589 497,519 Preference share capital 2,923 2,923 ------- ------- Total shareholders' funds 386,512 500,442 Minority interest 5,689 6,476 ------- ------- Total equity 392,201 506,918 ------- ------- LIABILITIES Technical provisions Provision for unearned premiums 199,074 197,507 Claims outstanding 612,852 734,439 ------- ------- 811,926 931,946 ------- ------- Bank and other loans 60,406 112,350 ------- ------- Creditors 74,483 90,841 ------- ------- Current tax 14,070 7,728 ------- ------- Deferred tax 27,738 33,227 ------- ------- Retirement benefit obligation 6,241 3,587 ------- ------- Total liabilities 994,864 1,179,679 -------- --------- Total equity and liabilities 1,387,065 1,686,597 ========= ========= FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT For year ended 31st December 2007 2007 2006 €000's €000's Operating activities Profit before tax for the year 162,168 296,780 Adjustments for: Losses (gains) on investments held for trading and held to maturity 77,744 (30,128) Depreciation of property and equipment 4,547 3,525 Share-based payment expense - 512 Decrease (increase) in fair value of investment property 5,416 (4,200) (Decrease) increase in technical provisions (97,953) 37,077 Profit on sale of land at La Cala - (81,774) ------- ------- Operating cash flows before movement in working capital 151,922 221,792 Decrease (increase) in receivables 13,975 (26,261) (Decrease) increase in payables (23,659) 29,326 ------- ------- Cash generated from operations 142,238 224,857 Income taxes paid (20,975) (44,348) ------- ------- Net cash from operating activities 121,263 180,509 ------- ------- Investing activities Investments held for trading 294,057 (51,495) Investments held to maturity (305,024) (157,976) Investments available for sale (5,815) 13,456 (Purchase) sale of land, buildings and inventory (5,452) 69,469 Purchase of fixtures & fittings (5,919) (7,038) Purchase of investment property (7,253) (28,125) Loans and advances (39,743) 43,504 Deposits invested with financial institutions 254,939 115,069 ------- ------- Net cash generated from (used in) investing activities 179,790 (3,136) ------- ------- Financing activities Ordinary and preference dividends paid (25,430) (22,693) Special dividend on ordinary shares (439) - Special dividend on 'A' ordinary shares (79,684) - Buyback of 'A' ordinary shares (95,873) - Special dividends - La Cala land sale - (54,979) Buyback of ordinary shares (52,606) (129,213) Proceeds of re-issue of ordinary shares 1,881 5,432 (Decrease) increase in bank loans (50,934) 19,879 ------- ------- Net cash used in financing activities (303,085) (181,574) ------- ------- Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,032) (4,201) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 37,423 41,897 Effect of foreign exchange rate changes 227 (273) ------ ------ Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 35,618 37,423 ====== ====== FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP STATEMENT OF RECOGNISED INCOME AND EXPENSE For year ended 31st December 2007 2007 2006 €000's €000's Income recognised directly in equity Gain on available for sale investments - 806 Revaluation of owner occupied property 2,743 8,476 Actuarial loss (4,677) (3,869) Taxation on income/expense recognised directly in equity (400) (2,400) ------- ------- Net (expense) income recognised directly in equity (2,334) 3,013 ------- ------- Transfers Transfers to income statement on sale of available for sale investments - (30,913) Transfer to income statement on sale of land and buildings (434) - Taxation on transfers to income statement 87 3,865 ------- ------- (347) (27,048) ------- ------- Profit after taxation 140,075 246,832 ------- ------- Total recognised income and expense 137,394 222,797 ======= ======= Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent 137,193 222,744 Minority interest 201 53 ------- ------- 137,394 222,797 ======= ======= FBD HOLDINGS PLC GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY For year ended 31st December 2007 Revaluation Attributable Preference 2006 Share Capital And Other Translation Retained to Ordinary Share Minority Capital Reserves Reserves Reserve Earnings Shareholders Capital Interest Total €000's €000's €000's €000's €000's €000's €000's €000's €000's Balance at 1 January 2006 23,557 9,813 47,706 435 394,616 476,127 2,923 6,423 485,473 Profit after taxation - - - - 246,641 246,641 - 191 246,832 Exchange translation adjustment - - - (273) - (273) - - (273) Dividends paid on ordinary and preference shares - - - - (77,672) (77,672) - - (77,672) Buyback of ordinary shares - - - - (129,213) (129,213) - - (129,213) Cancellation of ordinary shares (2,280) 2,280 - - - - - - - Reissue of ordinary shares - - - - 5,432 5,432 - - 5,432 Recognition of share based payments - 512 - - - 512 - - 512 Transfer to income statement on sale of available-for- sale investments - - (27,048) - - (27,048) - - (27,048) Gain on available-for- sale investments - - 706 - - 706 - - 706 Actuarial loss on pension fund valuation - - - - (3,869) (3,869) - - (3,869) Revaluation of owner occupied property - - 6,176 - - 6,176 - (138) 6,038 ------ ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ----- ------ ------- Balance at 31st December 2006 21,277 12,605 27,540 162 435,935 497,519 2,923 6,476 506,918 2007 Profit after taxation - - - - 139,874 139,874 - 201 140,075 Exchange translation adjustment - - - 227 - 227 - - 227 Dividends paid on ordinary and preference shares - - - - (25,430) (25,430) - - (25,430) Special dividend paid on ordinary shares - - - - (439) (439) - - (439) Special dividend paid on 'A' ordinary shares - - - - (79,684) (79,684) - - (79,684) Buyback of ordinary shares - - - - (52,606) (52,606) - - (52,606) Buyback of 'A' ordinary shares - - - - (95,873) (95,873) - - (95,873) Cancellation of 'A' ordinary shares (351) 351 - - - - - - - Reissue of ordinary shares - - - - 1,881 1,881 - - 1,881 Issue of 'A' ordinary shares 351 - - - - 351 - - 351 Actuarial loss on pension fund valuation - - - - (4,677) (4,677) - - (4,677) Revaluation of owner occupied property - - 2,446 - - 2,446 - (988) 1,458 ------ ------ ------ --- ------- ------- ----- ----- ------- Balance at 31st December 2007 21,277 12,956 29,986 389 318,981 383,589 2,923 5,689 392,201 ====== ====== ====== === ======= ======= ===== ===== ======= FBD HOLDINGS PLC SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION For year ended 31st December 2007 Note 1 - Operating profit by activity 2007 2006 €000's €000's Underwriting 220,335 124,598 Non-underwriting 15,175 33,917 ------- ------- 235,510 158,515 ======= ======= Non underwriting profit is analysed as follows: 2007 2006 €000's €000's Leisure and leisure property development 16,101 10,092 Financial Services/Other 5,882 4,279 Capital fund (6,808) 19,548 ------ ------ 15,175 33,919 ====== ====== Note 2 - Underwriting result 2007 2006 €000's €000's Gross written premiums 407,953 407,256 ======= ======= Net earned premiums 350,321 345,959 Adjusted net claims incurred** (239,054) (224,712) Net operating expenses (51,928) (44,705) ------- ------- 59,339 76,542 Change of reserving policy 107,627 - ------- ------- 166,966 76,542 ======= ======= ** Excludes impact of change in reserving policy. The Irish insurance industry has undergone a period of structural reform in recent years. Measures including the introduction of penalty points, the Civil Liability and Courts Acts, Random Breath testing and the establishment of the Personal Injuries Assessment Board have resulted in reduced incidence and average costs of claims. The reform measures were introduced in the period 2002 to 2006 and as the success and sustainability of the measures were uncertain, the Group deemed it prudent to continue to provide for outstanding claims on the basis of its historical reserving policy (i.e: on the basis of claims costs that obtained prior to the introduction of the reform measures). This reserving policy has been kept under regular review. During the review at 31st December 2007, the Group concluded that, sufficient evidence has now emerged through claims settlement that the positive impact arising from the measures on the claims environment has been maintained and has decided to revise its reserving policy to reflect this. The decision has resulted in a non-recurring credit to claims costs in the Income Statement of €107,627,000 and an increase in shareholders' funds of €94,174,000. FBD HOLDINGS PLC SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION For year ended 31st December 2007 Note 3 - Dividends DIVIDENDS 2007 2006 Paid in period: €000s €000s Dividend of 4.8c (2006: 4.8c) per share on 8% non-cumulative preference shares of 60c each 169 169 Dividend of 8.4c (2006: 8.4c) per share on 14% non-cumulative preference shares of 60c each 113 - 2006 Final dividend of 45.0c (2005: 37.5c) per share on ordinary shares of 60c each 15,753 14,277 2007 Interim dividend of 27.5c (2006: 24.0c) per share on ordinary shares of 60c each 9,395 8,247 Special dividend of nil (2006: 160.0c) per share on ordinary shares of 60c each - 54,979 Special dividend of 1.25c (2006: nil) on ordinary shares of 60c each 439 - Special dividend of 499.0c (2006: nil) on 'A' ordinary shares of 1c each 79,684 - ------- ------- 105,553 77,672 ======= ======= Proposed: Dividend of nil (2006: 8.4c) per share on 14% non-cumulative preference shares of 60c each - 113 Dividend of 4.8c (2006: 4.8c) per share on 8% non-cumulative preference shares of 60c each 169 169 Final dividend of 52.0c (2006: 45.0c) per share on ordinary shares of 60c each 17,277 15,714 ------- ------- 17,446 15,996 ======= ======= Note 4 - Ordinary share capital 2007 2006 Number €000's €000's Share Capital: (i) Ordinary shares of €0.60 each Authorised: At beginning and end of the year 51,326,000 30,796 30,796 ========== ====== ====== Issued and fully paid: At beginning of the year 35,461,206 21,277 23,557 Cancellation of shares - - (2,280) ---------- ------ ------ At end of year 35,461,206 21,277 21,277 ========== ====== ====== ii) 'A' Ordinary shares of €0.01 each Authorised: At beginning of the year - - - ----------- ------ ------ Authorised during the year 120,000,000 1,200 - ----------- ------ ------ At the end of the year 120,000,000 1,200 - =========== ====== ====== Issued and fully paid: At the beginning of the year - - - ----------- ------ ------ Issued during the year 35,111,399 351 - Cancellation of shares (35,111,399) (351) - ----------- ------ ------ At the end of the year - - - =========== ====== ====== The Company has two classes of ordinary shares which carry no right to fixed income. In the event of the Company being wound up, ordinary shareholders rank behind preference shareholders. ENDS This information is provided by RNS The company news service from the London Stock Exchange EAPDLEDKPEFE
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