Shell Plc 2nd QUARTER 2025 HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| SHELL PLC 2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS | ||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF UNAUDITED RESULTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3,601 | 4,780 | 3,517 | -25 | Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 8,381 | 10,874 | -23 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4,264 | 5,577 | 6,293 | -24 | Adjusted Earnings | A | 9,841 | 14,027 | -30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 13,313 | 15,250 | 16,806 | -13 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 28,563 | 35,517 | -20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 11,937 | 9,281 | 13,508 | +29 | Cash flow from operating activities | 21,218 | 26,838 | -21 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (5,406) | (3,959) | (3,338) | Cash flow from investing activities | (9,365) | (6,866) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6,531 | 5,322 | 10,170 | Free cash flow | G | 11,853 | 19,972 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,817 | 4,175 | 4,719 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 9,993 | 9,211 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 8,265 | 8,575 | 8,950 | -4 | Operating expenses | F | 16,840 | 17,947 | -6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 8,145 | 8,453 | 8,651 | -4 | Underlying operating expenses | F | 16,598 | 17,704 | -6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 9.4% | 10.4% | 12.8% | ROACE | D | 9.4% | 12.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 75,675 | 76,511 | 75,468 | Total debt | E | 75,675 | 75,468 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 43,216 | 41,521 | 38,314 | Net debt | E | 43,216 | 38,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 19.1% | 18.7% | 17.0% | Gearing | E | 19.1% | 17.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,682 | 2,838 | 2,817 | -5 | Oil and gas production available for sale (thousand boe/d) | 2,760 | 2,864 | -4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.55 | -23 | Basic earnings per share ($) | 1.40 | 1.70 | -18 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 0.72 | 0.92 | 0.99 | -22 | Adjusted Earnings per share ($) | B | 1.64 | 2.19 | -25 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0.3580 | 0.3580 | 0.3440 | — | Dividend per share ($) | 0.7160 | 0.6880 | +4 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
Quarter Analysis1
Income attributable to Shell plc shareholders, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected lower trading and optimisation margins and lower realised liquids and gas prices, partly offset by higher Marketing margins and lower operating expenses.
Second quarter 2025 income attributable to Shell plc shareholders also included impairment charges, gains on disposal of assets and favourable movements due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. These items are included in identified items amounting to a net loss of $0.3 billion in the quarter. This compares with identified items in the first quarter 2025 which amounted to a net loss of $0.8 billion.
Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA2 were driven by the same factors as income attributable to Shell plc shareholders and adjusted for the above identified items and the cost of supplies adjustment of $0.3 billion.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was $11.9 billion and primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA. This inflow was partly offset by tax payments of $3.4 billion.
Cash flow from investing activities for the second quarter 2025 was an outflow of $5.4 billion, and included cash capital expenditure of $5.8 billion. This outflow was partly offset by interest received of $0.5 billion.
Net debt and Gearing: At the end of the second quarter 2025, net debt was $43.2 billion, compared with $41.5 billion at the end of the first quarter 2025. This reflects free cash flow of $6.5 billion, more than offset by share buybacks of $3.5 billion, cash dividends paid to Shell plc shareholders of $2.1 billion, lease additions of $1.4 billion and interest payments of $1.2 billion. Gearing was 19.1% at the end of the second quarter 2025, compared with 18.7% at the end of the first quarter 2025, mainly driven by higher net debt.
Shareholder distributions
Total shareholder distributions in the quarter amounted to $5.7 billion comprising repurchases of shares of $3.5 billion and cash dividends paid to Shell plc shareholders of $2.1 billion. Dividends to be paid to Shell plc shareholders for the
SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
second quarter 2025 amount to $0.3580 per share. Shell has now completed $3.5 billion of share buybacks announced in the first quarter 2025 results announcement. Today, Shell announces a share buyback programme of $3.5 billion which is expected to be completed by the third quarter 2025 results announcement.
Half Year Analysis1
Income attributable to Shell plc shareholders, compared with the first half 2024, reflected lower trading and optimisation margins, lower realised liquids and LNG prices, and lower refining and chemical margins, partly offset by lower operating expenses and favourable tax movements.
Our continued focus on performance, discipline and simplification has helped deliver $3.9 billion of pre-tax structural cost reductions3 since 2022. Of these reductions, $0.8 billion was delivered in the first half 2025.
First half 2025 income attributable to Shell plc shareholders also included impairment charges, a charge related to the UK Energy Profits Levy and favourable movements due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. These items are included in identified items amounting to a net loss of $1.2 billion. This compares with identified items in the first half 2024 which amounted to a net loss of $3.3 billion.
Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA2 for the first half 2025 were driven by the same factors as income attributable to Shell plc shareholders and adjusted for identified items and the cost of supplies adjustment of $0.3 billion.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was $21.2 billion, and primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA. This inflow was partly offset by tax payments of $6.3 billion and working capital outflows of $3.0 billion.
Cash flow from investing activities for the first half 2025 was an outflow of $9.4 billion and included cash capital expenditure of $10.0 billion, and net other investing cash outflows of $0.9 billion, which included the drawdowns on loan facilities provided at completion of the sale of The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) in Nigeria. These outflows were partly offset by interest received of $1.0 billion.
This Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report, together with supplementary financial and operational disclosure for this quarter, is available at www.shell.com/investors 4.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation, exploration well write-offs and depreciation, depletion and amortisation (DD&A) expenses.
3.Structural cost reductions describe decreases in underlying operating expenses as a result of operational efficiencies, divestments, workforce reductions and other cost-saving measures that are expected to be sustainable compared with 2022 levels.
4.Not incorporated by reference.
PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENTS
Integrated Gas
In June 2025, we announced that the first cargo of liquefied natural gas (LNG) had left the LNG Canada facility on the west coast of Canada. Shell has a 40% working interest in the LNG Canada joint venture. Located in Kitimat, British Columbia, the facility will export LNG from two processing units or “trains” with a total capacity of 14 million tonnes per annum (mtpa).
Upstream
In May 2025, we completed the previously announced agreement to increase our working interest in the Shell-operated Ursa platform in the Gulf of America from 45.39% to 61.35%.
In May 2025, we announced the start of production at the floating production storage and offloading facility (FPSO) Alexandre de Gusmão in the Mero field in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil. The unitized Mero field is operated by Petrobras (38.6%), in partnership with Shell Brasil (19.3%), TotalEnergies (19.3%), CNPC (9.65%), CNOOC (9.65%) and Pré-Sal Petróleo S.A. (PPSA) (3.5%) representing the Government in the non-contracted area.
In May 2025, we signed an agreement to acquire a 12.5% interest in the OML 118 Production Sharing Contract (OML 118 PSC) from TotalEnergies EP Nigeria Limited. Upon completion, Shell's working interest in the OML 118 PSC is expected to increase from 55% to a maximum of 67.5%.
Chemicals and Products
In April 2025, we completed the previously announced sale of our Energy and Chemicals Park in Singapore to CAPGC Pte. Ltd. (CAPGC), a joint venture between Chandra Asri Capital Pte. Ltd. and Glencore Asian Holdings Pte. Ltd.
In April 2025, we agreed to sell our 16.125% interest in Colonial Enterprises, Inc. (“Colonial”) to Colossus AcquireCo LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. and its institutional partners (collectively, “Brookfield”), for $1.45 billion. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
PERFORMANCE BY SEGMENT
| INTEGRATED GAS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1,838 | 2,789 | 2,454 | -34 | Income/(loss) for the period | 4,627 | 5,215 | -11 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | 306 | (220) | Of which: Identified items | A | 407 | (1,139) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,737 | 2,483 | 2,675 | -30 | Adjusted Earnings | A | 4,220 | 6,354 | -34 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3,875 | 4,735 | 5,039 | -18 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 8,610 | 11,175 | -23 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3,629 | 3,463 | 4,183 | +5 | Cash flow from operating activities | A | 7,092 | 8,895 | -20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1,196 | 1,116 | 1,151 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 2,313 | 2,192 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 129 | 126 | 137 | +2 | Liquids production available for sale (thousand b/d) | 128 | 137 | -7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4,545 | 4,644 | 4,885 | -2 | Natural gas production available for sale (million scf/d) | 4,594 | 4,919 | -7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 913 | 927 | 980 | -2 | Total production available for sale (thousand boe/d) | 920 | 986 | -7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 6.72 | 6.60 | 6.95 | +2 | LNG liquefaction volumes (million tonnes) | 13.32 | 14.53 | -8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 17.77 | 16.49 | 16.41 | +8 | LNG sales volumes (million tonnes) | 34.26 | 33.28 | +3 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
Integrated Gas includes liquefied natural gas (LNG), conversion of natural gas into gas-to-liquids (GTL) fuels and other products. It includes natural gas and liquids exploration and extraction, and the operation of the upstream and midstream infrastructure necessary to deliver these to market. Integrated Gas also includes the marketing, trading and optimisation of LNG.
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected the combined effect of lower contributions from trading and optimisation and lower realised prices (decrease of $589 million), and higher depreciation, depletion and amortisation expenses (increase of $162 million).
Identified items in the second quarter 2025 included favourable movements of $454 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives, partly offset by impairment charges of $423 million. These favourable movements and impairment charges compare with the first quarter 2025 which included favourable movements of $362 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. As part of Shell's normal business, commodity derivative contracts are entered into as hedges for mitigation of economic exposures on future purchases, sales and inventory.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, net cash inflows related to derivatives of $542 million and working capital inflows of $352 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $967 million.
Total oil and gas production, compared with the first quarter 2025, decreased by 2% mainly due to higher planned maintenance across the portfolio. LNG liquefaction volumes increased by 2% mainly due to ramp-up in Australia, following unplanned maintenance and weather constraints in the first quarter, partly offset by higher planned maintenance across the portfolio.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, reflected the combined effect of lower contributions from trading and optimisation and lower realised prices (decrease of $1,894 million), lower volumes (decrease of $373 million), and higher depreciation, depletion and amortisation expenses (increase of $120 million), partly offset by lower operating expenses (decrease of $107 million), and favourable deferred tax movements ($99 million).
Identified items in the first half 2025 included favourable movements of $817 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives, partly offset by impairment charges of $423 million. These favourable movements and charges are part of identified items and compare with the first half 2024 which included unfavourable movements of $985 million due
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. As part of Shell's normal business, commodity derivative contracts are entered into for mitigation of economic exposures on future purchases, sales and inventory.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, and net cash inflows related to derivatives of $1,084 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $1,741 million and working capital outflows of $335 million.
Total oil and gas production, compared with the first half 2024, decreased by 7% mainly due to higher maintenance across the portfolio and weather constraints in Australia. LNG liquefaction volumes decreased by 8% mainly due to higher maintenance across the portfolio.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation, exploration well write-offs and DD&A expenses.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| UPSTREAM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2,008 | 2,080 | 2,179 | -3 | Income/(loss) for the period | 4,088 | 4,451 | -8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 276 | (257) | (157) | Of which: Identified items | A | 19 | 182 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,732 | 2,337 | 2,336 | -26 | Adjusted Earnings | A | 4,068 | 4,270 | -5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 6,638 | 7,387 | 7,829 | -10 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 14,024 | 15,717 | -11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 6,500 | 3,945 | 5,739 | +65 | Cash flow from operating activities | A | 10,445 | 11,466 | -9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2,826 | 1,923 | 1,829 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 4,749 | 3,839 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,334 | 1,335 | 1,297 | — | Liquids production available for sale (thousand b/d) | 1,334 | 1,314 | +2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2,310 | 3,020 | 2,818 | -24 | Natural gas production available for sale (million scf/d) | 2,663 | 2,977 | -11 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1,732 | 1,855 | 1,783 | -7 | Total production available for sale (thousand boe/d) | 1,793 | 1,828 | -2 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
The Upstream segment includes exploration and extraction of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. It also markets and transports oil and gas, and operates the infrastructure necessary to deliver them to the market.
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected lower realised liquids and gas prices (decrease of $594 million) and higher depreciation, depletion and amortisation expenses (increase of $154 million), partly offset by higher volumes (increase of $112 million).
Identified items in the second quarter 2025 included gains of $350 million from disposal of assets. These favourable movements compare with the first quarter 2025 which included a charge of $509 million related to the UK Energy Profits Levy, partly offset by gains of $159 million from disposal of assets and gains of $95 million related to the impact of the strengthening Brazilian real on a deferred tax position.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, dividends (net of profits) from joint ventures and associates of $1,542 million and working capital inflows of $655 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $1,948 million.
Total production, compared with the first quarter 2025, decreased mainly due to the SPDC divestment and higher planned maintenance, partly offset by new oil production.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, reflected lower realised prices (decrease of $1,262 million) and the comparative unfavourable impact of gas storage effects (decrease of $499 million), partly offset by lower exploration well write-offs (decrease of $574 million), lower depreciation, depletion and amortisation expenses (decrease of $375 million), lower operating expenses (decrease of $245 million) and favourable tax movements ($143 million).
Identified items in the first half 2025 included gains of $509 million from disposal of assets and a gain of $168 million related to the impact of the strengthening Brazilian real on a deferred tax position, offset by a charge of $509 million related to the UK Energy Profits Levy. These favourable movements and charges compare with the first half 2024 which included gains of $599 million related to the impact of inflationary adjustments in Argentina on a deferred tax position, partly offset by a loss of $191 million related to the impact of the weakening Brazilian real on a deferred tax position and impairment charges of $169 million.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA and dividends (net of profits) from joint ventures and associates of $1,384 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $3,946 million.
Total production, compared with the first half 2024, decreased mainly due to the SPDC divestment and field decline largely offset by new oil production.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation, exploration well write-offs and DD&A expenses.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| MARKETING | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| 766 | 814 | 202 | -6 | Income/(loss) for the period | 1,580 | 1,099 | +44 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (354) | (49) | (825) | Of which: Identified items | A | (402) | (832) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,199 | 900 | 1,082 | +33 | Adjusted Earnings | A | 2,100 | 1,863 | +13 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2,181 | 1,869 | 1,999 | +17 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 4,049 | 3,686 | +10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2,718 | 1,907 | 1,958 | +43 | Cash flow from operating activities | A | 4,625 | 3,277 | +41 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 429 | 256 | 644 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 684 | 1,109 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,813 | 2,674 | 2,868 | +5 | Marketing sales volumes (thousand b/d) | 2,744 | 2,816 | -3 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
The Marketing segment comprises the Mobility, Lubricants, and Sectors and Decarbonisation businesses. The Mobility business operates Shell’s retail network including electric vehicle charging services and the Wholesale commercial fuels business which provides fuels for transport and industry. The Lubricants business produces, markets and sells lubricants for road transport, and machinery used in manufacturing, mining, power generation, agriculture and construction. The Sectors and Decarbonisation business sells fuels, speciality products and services including low-carbon energy solutions to a broad range of commercial customers including the aviation, marine, and agricultural sectors.
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected higher Marketing margins (increase of $282 million) mainly due to higher Mobility unit margins and seasonal impact of higher volumes, stable Lubricants margins and Sectors and Decarbonisation margins, and favourable tax movements ($92 million). These net gains were partly offset by higher operating expenses (increase of $41 million).
Identified items in the second quarter 2025 included net impairment charges and reversals of $285 million, net losses of $44 million related to the sale of assets, and charges of $44 million related to redundancy and restructuring. These charges and net losses compare with the first quarter 2025 which included net losses of $61 million related to the sale of assets.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, inflows relating to the timing impact of payments related to emission certificates and biofuel programmes of $515 million, dividends (net of profits/losses) from joint ventures and associates of $161 million and working capital inflows of $67 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $132 million, and non-cash cost of supplies adjustment of $104 million.
Marketing sales volumes (comprising hydrocarbon sales), compared with the first quarter 2025, increased mainly due to seasonality.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, reflected lower operating expenses (decrease of $199 million) and higher Marketing margins (increase of $71 million) including higher Mobility and Lubricants margins due to improved unit margins, partly offset by lower Sectors and Decarbonisation margins.
Identified items in the first half 2025 included net impairment charges and reversals of $278 million and net losses of $105 million related to sale of assets. These charges and net losses compare with the first half 2024 which included impairment charges of $786 million mainly relating to an asset in the Netherlands, charges of $65 million related to redundancy and restructuring, and net losses of $56 million related to the sale of assets, partly offset by favourable movements of $50 million relating to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, inflows relating to the timing impact of payments related to emission certificates and biofuel programmes of $1,055 million, dividends (net of
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
profits/losses) from joint ventures and associates of $365 million. These inflows were partly offset by tax payments of $306 million, working capital outflows of $277 million and non-cash cost of supplies adjustment of $156 million.
Marketing sales volumes (comprising hydrocarbon sales), compared with the first half 2024, decreased mainly in Mobility due to portfolio changes and in Sectors and Decarbonisation.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation and DD&A expenses.
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| CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (174) | (77) | 545 | -125 | Income/(loss) for the period | (252) | 1,856 | -114 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (51) | (581) | (499) | Of which: Identified items | A | (631) | (956) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 118 | 449 | 1,085 | -74 | Adjusted Earnings | A | 567 | 2,700 | -79 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 864 | 1,410 | 2,242 | -39 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 2,274 | 5,068 | -55 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1,372 | 130 | 2,249 | +956 | Cash flow from operating activities | A | 1,502 | 1,900 | -21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 775 | 458 | 638 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 1,233 | 1,138 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,156 | 1,362 | 1,429 | -15 | Refinery processing intake (thousand b/d) | 1,258 | 1,429 | -12 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2,164 | 2,813 | 3,052 | -23 | Chemicals sales volumes (thousand tonnes) | 4,977 | 5,934 | -16 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
The Chemicals and Products segment includes chemicals manufacturing plants with their own marketing network, and refineries which turn crude oil and other feedstocks into a range of oil products which are moved and marketed around the world for domestic, industrial and transport use. The segment also includes the pipeline business, trading and optimisation of crude oil, oil products and petrochemicals, and Oil Sands activities (the extraction of bitumen from mined oil sands and its conversion into synthetic crude oil).
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected lower Products margins (decrease of $450 million) mainly driven by lower margins from trading and optimisation, partly offset by higher refining margins. Adjusted Earnings also reflected lower Chemicals margins (decrease of $103 million). These net losses were partly offset by favourable tax movements ($96 million) and lower operating expenses (decrease of $58 million).
In the second quarter 2025, Chemicals had negative Adjusted Earnings of $192 million and Products had positive Adjusted Earnings of $310 million.
Identified items in the second quarter 2025 included impairment charges of $62 million. These charges compare with the first quarter 2025 which included impairment charges of $277 million and unfavourable movements of $202 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives that, as part of Shell's normal business, are entered into as hedges for mitigation of economic exposures on future purchases, sales and inventory.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, inflows relating to the timing impact of payments relating to emission certificates and biofuel programmes of $367 million and working capital inflows of $383 million. These inflows were partly offset by non-cash cost of supplies adjustment of $333 million.
Refinery utilisation was 94% compared with 85% in the first quarter 2025, mainly due to lower planned and unplanned maintenance.
Chemicals manufacturing plant utilisation was 72% compared with 81% in the first quarter 2025, mainly due to higher planned maintenance, and unplanned maintenance mainly in Monaca.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, reflected lower Products margins (decrease of $1,960 million), driven mainly by lower margins from trading and optimisation and lower refining margins. Adjusted Earnings also reflected lower Chemicals margins (decrease of $415 million). These net losses were partly offset by lower operating expenses (decrease of $180 million) and favourable tax movements ($70 million).
Identified items in the first half 2025 included impairment charges of $339 million and unfavourable movements of $153 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. These charges and unfavourable movements compare with the first half 2024 which included net impairment charges and reversals of $860 million mainly relating to assets in Singapore, and unfavourable movements of $163 million relating to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
In the first half 2025, Chemicals had negative Adjusted Earnings of $329 million and Products had positive Adjusted Earnings of $896 million.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA, inflows related to the timing impact of payments relating to emission certificates and biofuel programmes of $492 million, and dividends (net of profits) from joint ventures and associates of $124 million. These inflows were partly offset by working capital outflows of $698 million, net cash outflows relating to commodity derivatives of $504 million, and non-cash cost of supplies adjustment of $266 million.
Refinery utilisation was 89% compared with 92% in the first half 2024, mainly due to higher planned and unplanned maintenance.
Chemicals manufacturing plant utilisation was 77%, at the same level as in the first half 2024.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation and DD&A expenses.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| RENEWABLES AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| (254) | (247) | (75) | -3 | Income/(loss) for the period | (501) | 478 | -205 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (245) | (205) | 112 | Of which: Identified items | A | (450) | 501 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (9) | (42) | (187) | +78 | Adjusted Earnings | A | (51) | (24) | -116 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 102 | 111 | (91) | -8 | Adjusted EBITDA | A | 213 | 175 | +21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 367 | 847 | -100 | Cash flow from operating activities | A | 368 | 3,313 | -89 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 555 | 403 | 425 | Cash capital expenditure | C | 958 | 863 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 70 | 76 | 74 | -9 | External power sales (terawatt hours)2 | 146 | 151 | -3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 132 | 184 | 148 | -28 | Sales of pipeline gas to end-use customers (terawatt hours)3 | 315 | 338 | -7 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
2.Physical power sales to third parties; excluding financial trades and physical trade with brokers, investors, financial institutions, trading platforms, and wholesale traders.
3.Physical natural gas sales to third parties; excluding financial trades and physical trade with brokers, investors, financial institutions, trading platforms, and wholesale traders. Excluding sales of natural gas by other segments and LNG sales.
Renewables and Energy Solutions includes activities such as renewable power generation, the marketing and trading and optimisation of power and pipeline gas, as well as carbon credits, and digitally enabled customer solutions. It also includes the production and marketing of hydrogen, development of commercial carbon capture and storage hubs, investment in nature-based projects that avoid or reduce carbon emissions, and Shell Ventures, which invests in companies that work to accelerate the energy and mobility transformation.
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected lower operating expenses (decrease of $54 million) and favourable tax movements ($33 million), partly offset by lower margins (decrease of $56 million).
Most Renewables and Energy Solutions activities were loss-making in the second quarter 2025, which was partly offset by positive Adjusted Earnings from trading and optimisation.
Identified items in the second quarter 2025 included unfavourable movements of $217 million due to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and impairment charges of $136 million, partly offset by gains of $108 million on sales of assets. These charges and favourable movements compare with the first quarter 2025 which included a loss of $143 million related to the disposal of assets. As part of Shell's normal business, commodity derivative contracts are entered into as hedges for mitigation of economic exposures on future purchases, sales and inventory.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by Adjusted EBITDA. This inflow was offset by working capital outflows of $128 million.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, reflected lower margins (decrease of $140 million), mainly from trading and optimisation, partly offset by lower operating expenses (decrease of $115 million).
Most Renewables and Energy Solutions activities were loss-making for the first half 2025, which was partly offset by positive Adjusted Earnings from trading and optimisation.
Identified items in the first half 2025 included unfavourable movements of $196 million relating to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and impairment losses of $167 million. These net charges compare with the first half 2024 which included favourable movements of $529 million relating to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives, partly offset by net impairment charges and reversals of $78 million. As part of Shell's normal business, commodity derivative contracts are entered into for mitigation of economic exposures on future purchases, sales and inventory.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by working capital inflows of $252 million and Adjusted EBITDA. These inflows were partly offset by net cash outflows related to derivatives of $235 million.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation and DD&A expenses.
Additional Growth Measures
| Quarters | Half year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | %¹ | 2025 | 2024 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Renewable power generation capacity (gigawatt): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.3 | +10 | – In operation2 | 3.9 | 3.3 | +16 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.8 | -5 | – Under construction and/or committed for sale3 | 3.8 | 3.8 | -1 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.Q2 on Q1 change
2.Shell's equity share of renewable generation capacity post commercial operation date. It excludes Shell's equity share of associates where information cannot be obtained.
3.Shell's equity share of renewable generation capacity under construction and/or committed for sale under long-term offtake agreements (PPA). It excludes Shell's equity share of associates where information cannot be obtained.
| CORPORATE | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | Reference | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| (539) | (483) | (1,656) | Income/(loss) for the period | (1,022) | (2,010) | |||||||||||||||
| (77) | (26) | (1,080) | Of which: Identified items | A | (102) | (1,066) | ||||||||||||||
| (463) | (457) | (576) | Adjusted Earnings | A | (920) | (944) | ||||||||||||||
| (346) | (261) | (213) | Adjusted EBITDA | A | (607) | (304) | ||||||||||||||
| (2,283) | (531) | (1,468) | Cash flow from operating activities | A | (2,814) | (2,013) | ||||||||||||||
The Corporate segment covers the non-operating activities supporting Shell. It comprises Shell’s holdings and treasury organisation, headquarters and central functions, self-insurance activities and centrally managed longer-term innovation portfolio. All finance expense, income and related taxes are included in Corporate Adjusted Earnings rather than in the earnings of business segments.
Quarter Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first quarter 2025, reflected unfavourable tax movements and unfavourable currency exchange rate effects, partly offset by favourable net interest movements.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was mainly driven by unfavourable currency exchange rate effects.
Cash flow from operating activities for the second quarter 2025 was primarily driven by working capital outflows of $1,715 million, which included a reduction in joint venture deposits, and Adjusted EBITDA.
Half Year Analysis1
Income/(loss) for the period was driven by the same factors as Adjusted Earnings and includes identified items.
Adjusted Earnings, compared with the first half 2024, were primarily driven by favourable tax movements, partly offset by unfavourable currency exchange rate effects and unfavourable net interest movements.
Identified items in the first half 2024 included reclassifications from equity to profit and loss of cumulative currency translation differences related to funding structures resulting in unfavourable movements of $1,122 million. These currency
translation differences were previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as part of
accumulated other comprehensive income.
Adjusted EBITDA2 was mainly driven by unfavourable currency exchange rate effects.
Cash flow from operating activities for the first half 2025 was primarily driven by working capital outflows of $1,734 million, which included a reduction in joint venture deposits, and Adjusted EBITDA.
1.All earnings amounts are shown post-tax, unless stated otherwise.
2.Adjusted EBITDA is without taxation and DD&A expenses.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
OUTLOOK FOR THE THIRD QUARTER 2025
Full year 2024 cash capital expenditure was $21 billion. Our cash capital expenditure range for the full year 2025 is expected to be within $20 - $22 billion.
Integrated Gas production is expected to be approximately 910 - 970 thousand boe/d. LNG liquefaction volumes are expected to be approximately 6.7 - 7.3 million tonnes.
Upstream production is expected to be approximately 1,700 - 1,900 thousand boe/d.
Marketing sales volumes are expected to be approximately 2,600 - 3,100 thousand b/d.
Refinery utilisation is expected to be approximately 88% - 96%. Chemicals manufacturing plant utilisation is expected to be approximately 78% - 86%.
Corporate Adjusted Earnings1 were a net expense of $463 million for the second quarter 2025. Corporate Adjusted Earnings are expected to be a net expense of approximately $500 - $700 million in the third quarter 2025.
1.For the definition of Adjusted Earnings and the most comparable GAAP measure see Reference A.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
| Date | Event | ||||
| October 30, 2025 | Third quarter 2025 results and dividends | ||||
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 65,406 | 69,234 | 74,463 | Revenue1 | 134,640 | 146,942 | ||||||||||||
| 712 | 615 | 898 | Share of profit/(loss) of joint ventures and associates | 1,327 | 2,216 | ||||||||||||
| 326 | 302 | (305) | Interest and other income/(expenses)2 | 628 | 602 | ||||||||||||
| 66,443 | 70,152 | 75,057 | Total revenue and other income/(expenses) | 136,596 | 149,760 | ||||||||||||
| 44,099 | 45,849 | 49,417 | Purchases | 89,948 | 96,284 | ||||||||||||
| 4,909 | 5,549 | 5,593 | Production and manufacturing expenses | 10,459 | 11,403 | ||||||||||||
| 3,077 | 2,840 | 3,094 | Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 5,917 | 6,069 | ||||||||||||
| 278 | 185 | 263 | Research and development | 464 | 475 | ||||||||||||
| 360 | 210 | 496 | Exploration | 569 | 1,246 | ||||||||||||
| 6,670 | 5,441 | 7,555 | Depreciation, depletion and amortisation2 | 12,111 | 13,436 | ||||||||||||
| 1,075 | 1,120 | 1,235 | Interest expense | 2,194 | 2,399 | ||||||||||||
| 60,468 | 61,194 | 67,653 | Total expenditure | 121,662 | 131,312 | ||||||||||||
| 5,975 | 8,959 | 7,404 | Income/(loss) before taxation | 14,934 | 18,447 | ||||||||||||
| 2,332 | 4,083 | 3,754 | Taxation charge/(credit)2 | 6,415 | 7,358 | ||||||||||||
| 3,644 | 4,875 | 3,650 | Income/(loss) for the period | 8,519 | 11,089 | ||||||||||||
| 43 | 95 | 133 | Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 138 | 215 | ||||||||||||
| 3,601 | 4,780 | 3,517 | Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 8,381 | 10,874 | ||||||||||||
| 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.55 | Basic earnings per share ($)3 | 1.40 | 1.70 | ||||||||||||
| 0.60 | 0.79 | 0.55 | Diluted earnings per share ($)3 | 1.39 | 1.68 | ||||||||||||
1.See Note 2 “Segment information”.
2.See Note 7 “Other notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements”.
3.See Note 3 “Earnings per share”.
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 3,644 | 4,875 | 3,650 | Income/(loss) for the period | 8,519 | 11,089 | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Items that may be reclassified to income in later periods: | |||||||||||||||||
| 4,127 | 1,711 | 698 | – Currency translation differences1 | 5,837 | (1,296) | ||||||||||||
| 7 | 6 | (12) | – Debt instruments remeasurements | 14 | (19) | ||||||||||||
| (109) | (25) | 14 | – Cash flow hedging gains/(losses) | (135) | 67 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | (42) | (6) | – Deferred cost of hedging | (37) | (20) | ||||||||||||
| 113 | 74 | (50) | – Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of joint ventures and associates | 187 | (62) | ||||||||||||
| 4,143 | 1,723 | 644 | Total | 5,866 | (1,330) | ||||||||||||
| Items that are not reclassified to income in later periods: | |||||||||||||||||
| 158 | 306 | 310 | – Retirement benefits remeasurements | 465 | 749 | ||||||||||||
| (8) | (16) | (81) | – Equity instruments remeasurements | (24) | (3) | ||||||||||||
| (23) | (36) | 44 | – Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of joint ventures and associates | (59) | 55 | ||||||||||||
| 128 | 254 | 273 | Total | 381 | 801 | ||||||||||||
| 4,270 | 1,977 | 917 | Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | 6,248 | (529) | ||||||||||||
| 7,914 | 6,852 | 4,567 | Comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | 14,767 | 10,560 | ||||||||||||
| 122 | 105 | 123 | Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 227 | 180 | ||||||||||||
| 7,792 | 6,748 | 4,443 | Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 14,540 | 10,381 | ||||||||||||
1.See Note 7 “Other notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements”.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET | ||||||||
| $ million | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Goodwill | 16,332 | 16,032 | ||||||
| Other intangible assets | 11,338 | 9,480 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 186,461 | 185,219 | ||||||
| Joint ventures and associates | 23,456 | 23,445 | ||||||
| Investments in securities | 2,225 | 2,255 | ||||||
| Deferred tax | 7,524 | 6,857 | ||||||
| Retirement benefits | 10,980 | 10,003 | ||||||
| Trade and other receivables | 7,315 | 6,018 | ||||||
| Derivative financial instruments1 | 692 | 374 | ||||||
| 266,323 | 259,683 | |||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Inventories | 23,283 | 23,426 | ||||||
| Trade and other receivables | 45,570 | 45,860 | ||||||
| Derivative financial instruments1 | 9,443 | 9,673 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 32,682 | 39,110 | ||||||
| 110,978 | 118,069 | |||||||
| Assets classified as held for sale2 | 10,619 | 9,857 | ||||||
| 121,597 | 127,926 | |||||||
| Total assets | 387,920 | 387,609 | ||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Debt | 65,218 | 65,448 | ||||||
| Trade and other payables | 5,876 | 3,290 | ||||||
| Derivative financial instruments1 | 1,037 | 2,185 | ||||||
| Deferred tax | 12,921 | 13,505 | ||||||
| Retirement benefits | 6,983 | 6,752 | ||||||
| Decommissioning and other provisions | 20,777 | 21,227 | ||||||
| 112,813 | 112,407 | |||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Debt | 10,457 | 11,630 | ||||||
| Trade and other payables | 58,379 | 60,693 | ||||||
| Derivative financial instruments1 | 6,451 | 7,391 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 3,642 | 4,648 | ||||||
| Decommissioning and other provisions | 5,234 | 4,469 | ||||||
| 84,164 | 88,831 | |||||||
| Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale2 | 7,856 | 6,203 | ||||||
| 92,020 | 95,034 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | 204,832 | 207,441 | ||||||
| Equity attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 181,137 | 178,307 | ||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 1,951 | 1,861 | ||||||
| Total equity | 183,088 | 180,168 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | 387,920 | 387,609 | ||||||
1. See Note 6 “Derivative financial instruments and debt excluding lease liabilities”.
2. .See Note 7 “Other notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements”.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity attributable to Shell plc shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ million | Share capital1 | Shares held in trust | Other reserves² | Retained earnings | Total | Non-controlling interest | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2025 | 510 | (803) | 19,766 | 158,834 | 178,307 | 1,861 | 180,168 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | — | — | 6,159 | 8,381 | 14,540 | 227 | 14,767 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer from other comprehensive income | — | — | 18 | (18) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends³ | — | — | — | (4,302) | (4,302) | (113) | (4,415) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of shares4 | (17) | — | 17 | (7,038) | (7,038) | — | (7,038) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | 516 | (486) | (426) | (396) | — | (396) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes | — | — | — | 29 | 29 | (24) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | 493 | (288) | 25,473 | 155,458 | 181,137 | 1,951 | 183,088 | |||||||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2024 | 544 | (997) | 21,145 | 165,915 | 186,607 | 1,755 | 188,362 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income/(loss) for the period | — | — | (494) | 10,874 | 10,381 | 180 | 10,560 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer from other comprehensive income | — | — | 170 | (170) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends3 | — | — | — | (4,387) | (4,387) | (150) | (4,537) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of shares4 | (17) | — | 17 | (7,020) | (7,020) | — | (7,020) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | 544 | (213) | (406) | (76) | — | (76) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes | — | — | — | (96) | (96) | (1) | (98) | |||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | 528 | (454) | 20,625 | 164,709 | 185,407 | 1,783 | 187,190 | |||||||||||||||||||
1. See Note 4 “Share capital”.
2. See Note 5 “Other reserves”.
3. The amount charged to retained earnings is based on prevailing exchange rates on payment date.
4. Includes shares committed to repurchase under an irrevocable contract and repurchases subject to settlement at the end of the quarter.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | ||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| 5,975 | 8,959 | 7,404 | Income before taxation for the period | 14,934 | 18,447 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustment for: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 515 | 636 | 619 | – Interest expense (net) | 1,151 | 1,195 | |||||||||||||||
| 6,670 | 5,441 | 7,555 | – Depreciation, depletion and amortisation1 | 12,111 | 13,436 | |||||||||||||||
| 206 | 28 | 269 | – Exploration well write-offs | 234 | 823 | |||||||||||||||
| (128) | 127 | (143) | – Net (gains)/losses on sale and revaluation of non-current assets and businesses | (1) | (154) | |||||||||||||||
| (712) | (615) | (898) | – Share of (profit)/loss of joint ventures and associates | (1,327) | (2,216) | |||||||||||||||
| 2,361 | 523 | 792 | – Dividends received from joint ventures and associates1 | 2,884 | 1,530 | |||||||||||||||
| (27) | 854 | (954) | – (Increase)/decrease in inventories | 827 | (1,562) | |||||||||||||||
| 3,635 | (2,610) | 1,965 | – (Increase)/decrease in current receivables | 1,025 | 1,770 | |||||||||||||||
| (3,994) | (907) | (1,269) | – Increase/(decrease) in current payables | (4,901) | (3,218) | |||||||||||||||
| 626 | (244) | 253 | – Derivative financial instruments | 381 | 1,638 | |||||||||||||||
| (17) | (100) | (332) | – Retirement benefits | (118) | (392) | |||||||||||||||
| (425) | (480) | (332) | – Decommissioning and other provisions | (906) | (931) | |||||||||||||||
| 684 | 570 | 2,027 | – Other1 | 1,254 | 2,536 | |||||||||||||||
| (3,432) | (2,900) | (3,448) | Tax paid | (6,331) | (6,064) | |||||||||||||||
| 11,937 | 9,281 | 13,508 | Cash flow from operating activities | 21,218 | 26,838 | |||||||||||||||
| (5,393) | (3,748) | (4,445) | Capital expenditure | (9,141) | (8,424) | |||||||||||||||
| (406) | (413) | (261) | Investments in joint ventures and associates | (819) | (761) | |||||||||||||||
| (17) | (15) | (13) | Investments in equity securities | (32) | (25) | |||||||||||||||
| (5,817) | (4,175) | (4,719) | Cash capital expenditure | (9,993) | (9,211) | |||||||||||||||
| (57) | 559 | 710 | Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses1 | 502 | 1,033 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 33 | 57 | Proceeds from joint ventures and associates from sale, capital reduction and repayment of long-term loans | 34 | 190 | |||||||||||||||
| 19 | 5 | 2 | Proceeds from sale of equity securities | 24 | 570 | |||||||||||||||
| 508 | 508 | 648 | Interest received | 1,016 | 1,224 | |||||||||||||||
| 360 | 506 | 883 | Other investing cash inflows | 866 | 1,740 | |||||||||||||||
| (420) | (1,394) | (920) | Other investing cash outflows | (1,814) | (2,414) | |||||||||||||||
| (5,406) | (3,959) | (3,338) | Cash flow from investing activities | (9,365) | (6,866) | |||||||||||||||
| (208) | 80 | (179) | Net increase/(decrease) in debt with maturity period within three months | (127) | (286) | |||||||||||||||
| Other debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 180 | 139 | 132 | – New borrowings | 319 | 299 | |||||||||||||||
| (4,075) | (2,514) | (4,154) | – Repayments | (6,589) | (5,686) | |||||||||||||||
| (1,212) | (846) | (1,287) | Interest paid | (2,059) | (2,198) | |||||||||||||||
| 896 | 326 | (115) | Derivative financial instruments | 1,222 | (412) | |||||||||||||||
| — | (25) | (1) | Change in non-controlling interest | (25) | (5) | |||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid to: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (2,122) | (2,179) | (2,177) | – Shell plc shareholders | (4,300) | (4,387) | |||||||||||||||
| (27) | (86) | (82) | – Non-controlling interest | (113) | (150) | |||||||||||||||
| (3,533) | (3,311) | (3,958) | Repurchases of shares | (6,844) | (6,782) | |||||||||||||||
| (5) | (768) | (24) | Shares held in trust: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received | (773) | (486) | |||||||||||||||
| (10,106) | (9,183) | (11,846) | Cash flow from financing activities | (19,289) | (20,094) | |||||||||||||||
| 655 | 353 | (126) | Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 1,008 | (505) | |||||||||||||||
| (2,919) | (3,509) | (1,801) | Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (6,428) | (627) | |||||||||||||||
| 35,601 | 39,110 | 39,949 | Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 39,110 | 38,774 | |||||||||||||||
| 32,682 | 35,601 | 38,148 | Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 32,682 | 38,148 | |||||||||||||||
1.See Note 7 “Other notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements”.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Basis of preparation
These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of Shell plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Shell”) have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and adopted by the UK, and on the basis of the same accounting principles as those used in the Company's Annual Report and Accounts (pages 240 to 312) for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Registrar of Companies for England and Wales and as filed with the Autoriteit Financiële Markten (the Netherlands) and Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F ("Form 20-F/A") (pages 10 to 83) for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, and should be read in conjunction with these filings.
The financial information presented in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434(3) of the Companies Act 2006 (“the Act”). Statutory accounts for the year ended December 31, 2024, were published in Shell's Annual Report and Accounts, a copy of which was delivered to the Registrar of Companies for England and Wales. The auditor's report on those accounts was unqualified, did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying the report and did not contain a statement under sections 498(2) or 498(3) of the Act.
Going Concern
These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared on the going concern basis of accounting. In assessing the appropriateness of the going concern assumption over the period to December 31, 2026 (the ‘going concern period’), management have stress-tested Shell’s most recent financial projections to incorporate a range of potential future outcomes by considering Shell’s principal risks, potential downside pressures on commodity prices and long-term demand, and cash preservation measures, including reduced cash capital expenditure and shareholder distributions. This assessment confirmed that Shell has adequate cash, other liquid resources and undrawn credit facilities to enable it to meet its obligations as they fall due in order to continue its operations during the going concern period. Therefore, the Directors consider it appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
Key accounting considerations, significant judgements and estimates
Future commodity price assumptions, which represent a significant estimate, were subject to change in the second quarter 2025 (See Note 7). Noting continued volatility in markets, price assumptions remain under review.
The discount rates applied for impairment testing and the discount rate applied to provisions are reviewed on a regular basis. Both discount rates applied in the first half year 2025 remain unchanged compared with 2024.
2. Segment information
With effect from January 1, 2025, segment earnings are presented on an Adjusted Earnings basis (Adjusted Earnings), which is the earnings measure used by the Chief Executive Officer, who serves as the Chief Operating Decision Maker, for the purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. This aligns with Shell's focus on performance, discipline and simplification.
The Adjusted Earnings measure is presented on a current cost of supplies (CCS) basis and aims to facilitate a comparative understanding of Shell's financial performance from period to period by removing the effects of oil price changes on inventory carrying amounts and removing the effects of identified items. Identified items are in some cases driven by external factors and may, either individually or collectively, hinder the comparative understanding of Shell's financial results from period to period.
The segment earnings measure used until December 31, 2024 was CCS earnings. The difference between CCS earnings and Adjusted Earnings are the identified items. Comparative periods are presented below on an Adjusted Earnings basis.
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ADJUSTED EARNINGS BY SEGMENT
| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 3,601 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) for the period | 1,838 | 2,008 | 766 | (174) | (254) | (539) | 3,644 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 104 | 333 | 436 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on current cost of supplies adjustment | (24) | (91) | (115) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Identified items before taxation | (102) | 271 | (460) | (64) | (300) | (63) | (717) | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on identified items | (203) | (5) | (106) | (13) | (55) | 14 | (369) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 1,737 | 1,732 | 1,199 | 118 | (9) | (463) | 4,314 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 4,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 4,780 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) for the period | 2,789 | 2,080 | 814 | (77) | (247) | (483) | 4,875 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 52 | (67) | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on current cost of supplies adjustment | (14) | 12 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Identified items before taxation | 348 | 121 | (44) | (679) | (260) | 4 | (510) | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on identified items | 43 | 378 | 4 | (99) | (54) | 29 | 301 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 2,483 | 2,337 | 900 | 449 | (42) | (457) | 5,670 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 5,577 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 3,517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) for the period | 2,454 | 2,179 | 202 | 545 | (75) | (1,656) | 3,650 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 74 | 59 | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on current cost of supplies adjustment | (19) | (17) | (36) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Identified items before taxation | (260) | (215) | (1,111) | (333) | 198 | (1,105) | (2,826) | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on identified items | (40) | (58) | (286) | 165 | 87 | (25) | (157) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 2,675 | 2,336 | 1,082 | 1,085 | (187) | (576) | 6,415 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 6,293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | 122 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 8,381 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 138 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) for the period | 4,627 | 4,088 | 1,580 | (252) | (501) | (1,022) | 8,519 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 156 | 266 | 422 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on current cost of supplies adjustment | (38) | (79) | (116) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Identified items before taxation | 246 | 392 | (504) | (743) | (559) | (59) | (1,227) | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on identified items | (160) | 373 | (102) | (111) | (110) | 43 | (68) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 4,220 | 4,068 | 2,100 | 567 | (51) | (920) | 9,984 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 9,841 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | 144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 10,874 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 215 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income/(loss) for the period | 5,215 | 4,451 | 1,099 | 1,856 | 478 | (2,010) | 11,089 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | (79) | (148) | (227) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on current cost of supplies adjustment | 11 | 37 | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Identified items before taxation | (1,336) | (261) | (1,123) | (908) | 668 | (1,111) | (4,070) | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax on identified items | (197) | (443) | (290) | 48 | 167 | (45) | (761) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 6,354 | 4,270 | 1,863 | 2,700 | (24) | (944) | 14,219 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 14,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | 192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CASH CAPITAL EXPENDITURE BY SEGMENT
Cash capital expenditure is a measure used by the Chief Executive Officer for the purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance.
| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | 988 | 2,774 | 427 | 704 | 468 | 32 | 5,393 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in joint ventures and associates | 209 | 52 | 1 | 71 | 72 | 1 | 406 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investment in equity securities | — | — | — | — | 16 | 2 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash capital expenditure | 1,196 | 2,826 | 429 | 775 | 555 | 36 | 5,817 | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | 943 | 1,727 | 252 | 451 | 358 | 17 | 3,748 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in joint ventures and associates | 174 | 197 | 4 | 7 | 30 | 1 | 413 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in equity securities | — | — | — | — | 14 | — | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash capital expenditure | 1,116 | 1,923 | 256 | 458 | 403 | 19 | 4,175 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | 1,024 | 1,769 | 644 | 601 | 377 | 30 | 4,445 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in joint ventures and associates | 127 | 60 | — | 37 | 35 | 1 | 261 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in equity securities | — | — | — | — | 13 | — | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash Capital expenditure | 1,151 | 1,829 | 644 | 638 | 425 | 32 | 4,719 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | 1,930 | 4,501 | 679 | 1,155 | 826 | 49 | 9,141 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in joint ventures and associates | 383 | 248 | 5 | 78 | 102 | 3 | 819 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investment in equity securities | — | — | — | — | 30 | 2 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash capital expenditure | 2,313 | 4,749 | 684 | 1,233 | 958 | 54 | 9,993 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | 1,882 | 3,535 | 1,071 | 1,074 | 797 | 64 | 8,424 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in joint ventures and associates | 310 | 304 | 38 | 63 | 43 | 2 | 761 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Investments in equity securities | — | — | — | — | 22 | 3 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash capital expenditure | 2,192 | 3,839 | 1,109 | 1,138 | 863 | 69 | 9,211 | ||||||||||||||||
REVENUE BY SEGMENT
Third-party revenue includes revenue from sources other than from contracts with customers, which mainly comprises the impact of fair value accounting of commodity derivatives.
| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | 9,576 | 1,193 | 28,241 | 18,388 | 7,996 | 12 | 65,406 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inter-segment | 2,412 | 8,502 | 2,177 | 8,775 | 835 | — | 22,701 | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | 9,602 | 1,510 | 27,083 | 21,610 | 9,417 | 12 | 69,234 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inter-segment | 2,675 | 9,854 | 1,849 | 8,255 | 1,164 | — | 23,797 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | 9,052 | 1,590 | 32,005 | 24,583 | 7,222 | 11 | 74,463 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inter-segment | 2,157 | 10,102 | 1,363 | 9,849 | 957 | — | 24,428 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | 19,179 | 2,703 | 55,324 | 39,998 | 17,413 | 23 | 134,640 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inter-segment | 5,086 | 18,356 | 4,026 | 17,030 | 1,999 | — | 46,498 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third-party | 18,247 | 3,349 | 62,045 | 48,319 | 14,959 | 22 | 146,942 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inter-segment | 4,560 | 20,390 | 2,718 | 20,161 | 1,962 | — | 49,791 | ||||||||||||||||
Identified items
The objective of identified items is to remove material impacts on net income/loss arising from transactions which are generally uncontrollable and unusual (infrequent or non-recurring) in nature or giving rise to a mismatch between accounting and economic results, or certain transactions that are generally excluded from underlying results in the industry.
Identified items comprise: divestment gains and losses, impairments and impairment reversals, redundancy and restructuring, fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts that gives rise to a mismatch between accounting and economic results, the impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on certain deferred tax balances, and other items.
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| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 63 | 344 | (56) | (9) | 119 | (4) | 457 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (672) | (3) | (370) | (78) | (138) | — | (1,261) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (7) | (6) | (57) | (37) | (1) | (12) | (119) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 514 | 1 | 23 | 61 | (280) | — | 319 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other2 | — | (65) | — | (1) | — | (47) | (113) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | (102) | 271 | (460) | (64) | (300) | (63) | (717) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Total identified items included in Taxation charge/(credit) | (203) | (5) | (106) | (13) | (55) | 14 | (369) | ||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) for the period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 54 | 350 | (44) | (7) | 108 | (3) | 458 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (423) | (2) | (285) | (62) | (136) | — | (908) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (4) | (2) | (44) | (29) | — | (8) | (88) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 454 | — | 19 | 49 | (217) | — | 307 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances3 | 20 | 22 | — | — | — | (19) | 23 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other2 | — | (92) | — | (1) | — | (47) | (139) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings | 101 | 276 | (354) | (51) | (245) | (77) | (348) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 101 | 276 | (354) | (51) | (245) | (77) | (348) | ||||||||||||||||
1.Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts: In the ordinary course of business, Shell enters into contracts to supply or purchase oil and gas products, as well as power and environmental products. Shell also enters into contracts for tolling, pipeline and storage capacity. Derivative contracts are entered into for mitigation of resulting economic exposures (generally price exposure) and these derivative contracts are carried at period-end market price (fair value), with movements in fair value recognised in income for the period. Supply and purchase contracts entered into for operational purposes, as well as contracts for tolling, pipeline and storage capacity, are, by contrast, recognised when the transaction occurs; furthermore, inventory is carried at historical cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. As a consequence, accounting mismatches occur because: (a) the supply or purchase transaction is recognised in a different period; or (b) the inventory is measured on a different basis. In addition, certain contracts are, due to pricing or delivery conditions, deemed to contain embedded derivatives or written options and are also required to be carried at fair value even though they are entered into for operational purposes. The accounting impacts are reported as identified items.
2.Other identified items represent other credits or charges that based on Shell management's assessment hinder the comparative understanding of Shell's financial results from period to period.
3.Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances represents the impact on tax balances of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments arising on: (a) the conversion to dollars of the local currency tax base of non-monetary assets and liabilities, as well as recognised tax losses (this primarily impacts the Integrated Gas and Upstream segments); and (b) the conversion of dollar-denominated inter-segment loans to local currency, leading to taxable exchange rate gains or losses (this primarily impacts the Corporate segment).
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | (1) | 154 | (57) | (15) | (187) | — | (106) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | — | (21) | 10 | (293) | (38) | — | (341) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (1) | (15) | (9) | (13) | (9) | 4 | (44) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 420 | (1) | 12 | (258) | 20 | — | 194 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1 | (70) | 4 | — | (101) | (46) | — | (212) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | 348 | 121 | (44) | (679) | (260) | 4 | (510) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Total identified items included in Taxation charge/(credit) | 43 | 378 | 4 | (99) | (54) | 29 | 301 | ||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) for the period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | — | 8 | (61) | (12) | (143) | — | (208) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | — | (15) | 6 | (277) | (31) | — | (317) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (1) | (5) | (1) | (12) | (7) | 2 | (24) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 362 | — | 7 | (202) | 20 | — | 187 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances1 | 4 | 132 | — | — | — | (28) | 108 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1 | (59) | (377) | — | (77) | (45) | — | (558) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings | 306 | (257) | (49) | (581) | (205) | (26) | (811) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 306 | (257) | (49) | (581) | (205) | (26) | (811) | ||||||||||||||||
1.For a detailed description, see the corresponding footnotes to the Q2 2025 identified items table above.
| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 2 | 131 | (60) | (8) | 79 | — | 143 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (18) | (80) | (1,055) | (619) | (161) | — | (1,932) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (9) | (56) | (69) | (30) | (45) | (2) | (211) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | (102) | (29) | 63 | 211 | 318 | — | 461 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1,2 | (133) | (181) | 10 | 113 | 7 | (1,103) | (1,287) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | (260) | (215) | (1,111) | (333) | 198 | (1,105) | (2,826) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Total identified items included in Taxation charge/(credit) | (40) | (58) | (286) | 165 | 87 | (25) | (157) | ||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) for the period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 1 | 114 | (45) | (6) | 71 | — | 135 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (15) | (67) | (783) | (708) | (155) | — | (1,728) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (6) | (33) | (50) | (23) | (33) | (1) | (147) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | (98) | (7) | 45 | 156 | 223 | — | 319 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances1 | 10 | (4) | — | — | — | 43 | 49 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1,2 | (113) | (160) | 7 | 83 | 5 | (1,122) | (1,298) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings | (220) | (157) | (825) | (499) | 112 | (1,080) | (2,669) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | 18 | — | — | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | (220) | (157) | (825) | (517) | 112 | (1,080) | (2,687) | ||||||||||||||||
1.For a detailed description, see the corresponding footnotes to the Q2 2025 identified items table above.
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2.Corporate includes reclassifications from equity to profit and loss of cumulative currency translation differences related to funding structures resulting in unfavourable movements of $1,122 million. These currency translation differences were previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income.
| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 62 | 498 | (113) | (24) | (68) | (4) | 351 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (672) | (24) | (360) | (371) | (176) | — | (1,602) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (8) | (21) | (66) | (50) | (10) | (9) | (164) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 934 | — | 35 | (196) | (260) | — | 512 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1 | (70) | (61) | — | (102) | (46) | (47) | (325) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | 246 | 392 | (504) | (743) | (559) | (59) | (1,227) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Total identified items included in Taxation charge/(credit) | (160) | 373 | (102) | (111) | (110) | 43 | (68) | ||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) for the period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | 53 | 358 | (105) | (19) | (35) | (3) | 250 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (423) | (17) | (278) | (339) | (167) | — | (1,225) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (5) | (7) | (45) | (42) | (7) | (6) | (112) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | 817 | — | 26 | (153) | (196) | — | 494 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances1 | 24 | 154 | — | — | — | (47) | 131 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1 | (59) | (469) | — | (78) | (45) | (47) | (697) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings | 407 | 19 | (402) | (631) | (450) | (102) | (1,160) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | 407 | 19 | (402) | (631) | (450) | (102) | (1,160) | ||||||||||||||||
1.For a detailed description, see the corresponding footnotes to the Q2 2025 identified items table above.
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| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | (1) | 158 | (75) | (17) | 89 | — | 154 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (26) | (176) | (1,059) | (797) | (102) | — | (2,159) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (10) | (69) | (90) | (49) | (60) | (7) | (284) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | (1,169) | (31) | 69 | (205) | 717 | — | (619) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1,2 | (129) | (143) | 33 | 158 | 24 | (1,103) | (1,161) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation | (1,336) | (261) | (1,123) | (908) | 668 | (1,111) | (4,070) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Total identified items included in Taxation charge/(credit) | (197) | (443) | (290) | 48 | 167 | (45) | (761) | ||||||||||||||||
| Identified items included in Income/(loss) for the period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divestment gains/(losses) | — | 124 | (56) | (13) | 77 | — | 131 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment reversals/(impairments) | (20) | (169) | (786) | (860) | (78) | — | (1,914) | ||||||||||||||||
| Redundancy and restructuring | (6) | (42) | (65) | (37) | (44) | (5) | (200) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts1 | (985) | (8) | 50 | (163) | 529 | — | (576) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on tax balances1 | (17) | 408 | — | — | — | 61 | 452 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other1,2 | (110) | (131) | 25 | 118 | 18 | (1,122) | (1,202) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings | (1,139) | 182 | (832) | (956) | 501 | (1,066) | (3,310) | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on Adjusted Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | 18 | — | — | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact on adjusted earnings attributable to Shell plc shareholders | (1,139) | 182 | (832) | (974) | 501 | (1,066) | (3,328) | ||||||||||||||||
1.For a detailed description, see the corresponding footnotes to the Q2 2025 identified items table above.
2.Corporate includes reclassifications from equity to profit and loss of cumulative currency translation differences related to funding structures resulting in unfavourable movements of $1,122 million. These currency translation differences were previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income.
The identified items categories above may include after-tax impacts of identified items of joint ventures and associates which are fully reported within "Share of profit/(loss) of joint ventures and associates" in the Consolidated Statement of Income, and fully reported as identified items included in Income/(loss) before taxation in the table above. Identified items related to subsidiaries are consolidated and reported across appropriate lines of the Consolidated Statement of Income.
3. Earnings per share
| EARNINGS PER SHARE | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | Half year | ||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 3,601 | 4,780 | 3,517 | Income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders ($ million) | 8,381 | 10,874 | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares used as the basis for determining: | |||||||||||||||||
| 5,947.9 | 6,033.5 | 6,355.4 | Basic earnings per share (million) | 5,990.5 | 6,397.7 | ||||||||||||
| 6,004.7 | 6,087.8 | 6,417.6 | Diluted earnings per share (million) | 6,046.0 | 6,461.0 | ||||||||||||
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
4. Share capital
| ISSUED AND FULLY PAID ORDINARY SHARES OF €0.07 EACH | |||||||||||
| Number of shares | Nominal value ($ million) | ||||||||||
| At January 1, 2025 | 6,115,031,158 | 510 | |||||||||
| Repurchases of shares | (202,687,052) | (17) | |||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | 5,912,344,106 | 493 | |||||||||
| At January 1, 2024 | 6,524,109,049 | 544 | |||||||||
| Repurchases of shares | (199,993,563) | (17) | |||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | 6,324,115,486 | 528 | |||||||||
At Shell plc’s Annual General Meeting on May 20, 2025, the Board was authorised to allot ordinary shares in Shell plc, and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert, any security into ordinary shares in Shell plc, up to an aggregate nominal amount of approximately €140 million (representing approximately 2,007 million ordinary shares of €0.07 each), and to list such shares or rights on any stock exchange. This authority expires at the earlier of the close of business on August 19, 2026, or the end of the Annual General Meeting to be held in 2026, unless previously renewed, revoked or varied by Shell plc in a general meeting.
5. Other reserves
| OTHER RESERVES | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ million | Merger reserve | Share premium reserve | Capital redemption reserve | Share plan reserve | Accumulated other comprehensive income | Total | ||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2025 | 37,298 | 154 | 270 | 1,417 | (19,373) | 19,766 | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | — | — | — | — | 6,159 | 6,159 | ||||||||||||||
| Transfer from other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 18 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of shares | — | — | 17 | — | — | 17 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | (486) | — | (486) | ||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | 37,298 | 154 | 287 | 930 | (13,196) | 25,473 | ||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2024 | 37,298 | 154 | 236 | 1,308 | (17,851) | 21,145 | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Shell plc shareholders | — | — | — | — | (494) | (494) | ||||||||||||||
| Transfer from other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 170 | 170 | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of shares | — | — | 17 | — | — | 17 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | (213) | — | (213) | ||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2024 | 37,298 | 154 | 253 | 1,095 | (18,175) | 20,625 | ||||||||||||||
The merger reserve and share premium reserve were established as a consequence of Shell plc (formerly Royal Dutch Shell plc) becoming the single parent company of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and The “Shell” Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c., now The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited, in 2005. The merger reserve increased in 2016 following the issuance of shares for the acquisition of BG Group plc. The capital redemption reserve was established in connection with repurchases of shares of Shell plc. The share plan reserve is in respect of equity-settled share-based compensation plans.
6. Derivative financial instruments and debt excluding lease liabilities
As disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, presented in the Annual Report and Accounts and Form 20-F/A for that year, Shell is exposed to the risks of changes in fair value of its financial assets and liabilities. The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values at June 30, 2025, are consistent with those used in the year ended December 31, 2024, though the carrying amounts of derivative financial instruments have changed since that date.
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The movement of the derivative financial instruments between December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2025, is a decrease of $230 million for the current assets and a decrease of $940 million for the current liabilities.
The table below provides the comparison of the fair value with the carrying amount of debt excluding lease liabilities, disclosed in accordance with IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures.
| DEBT EXCLUDING LEASE LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| $ million | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Carrying amount1 | 46,720 | 48,376 | ||||||
| Fair value2 | 42,864 | 44,119 | ||||||
1. Shell issued no debt under the US shelf or under the Euro medium-term note programmes since November 2021 and September 2020, respectively. The US shelf programme has lapsed and management aims to renew it during the second half of 2025.
2. Mainly determined from the prices quoted for these securities.
7. Other notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Income
Interest and other income
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 326 | 302 | (305) | Interest and other income/(expenses) | 628 | 602 | ||||||||||||
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||
| 559 | 481 | 616 | Interest income | 1,040 | 1,204 | ||||||||||||
| 44 | 1 | 30 | Dividend income (from investments in equity securities) | 45 | 53 | ||||||||||||
| 128 | (127) | 143 | Net gains/(losses) on sales and revaluation of non-current assets and businesses | 1 | 154 | ||||||||||||
| (447) | (137) | (1,169) | Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) on financing activities | (584) | (1,103) | ||||||||||||
| 42 | 85 | 74 | Other | 127 | 293 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 6,670 | 5,441 | 7,555 | Depreciation, depletion and amortisation | 12,111 | 13,436 | ||||||||||||
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||
| 5,463 | 5,130 | 5,642 | Depreciation | 10,593 | 11,296 | ||||||||||||
| 1,238 | 311 | 1,984 | Impairments | 1,549 | 2,365 | ||||||||||||
| (31) | (1) | (71) | Impairment reversals | (32) | (225) | ||||||||||||
Impairments recognised in the second quarter 2025 of $1,238 million pre-tax ($877 million post-tax) principally relate to Integrated Gas ($666 million) and Marketing ($399 million). Impairments recognised in Integrated Gas were triggered by lower commodity prices applied in impairment testing.
Impairments recognised in the second quarter 2024 of $1,984 million pre-tax ($1,778 million post-tax) mainly relate to Marketing ($1,055 million), Chemicals and Products ($690 million) and Renewables and Energy Solutions ($141 million).
Taxation charge/credit
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 2,332 | 4,083 | 3,754 | Taxation charge/(credit) | 6,415 | 7,358 | ||||||||||||
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||
| 2,277 | 4,024 | 3,666 | Income tax excluding Pillar Two income tax | 6,301 | 7,192 | ||||||||||||
| 55 | 59 | 88 | Income tax related to Pillar Two income tax | 113 | 167 | ||||||||||||
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As required by IAS 12 Income Taxes, Shell has applied the exception to recognising and disclosing information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes.
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Currency translation differences
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 4,127 | 1,711 | 698 | Currency translation differences | 5,837 | (1,296) | ||||||||||||
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||
| 4,117 | 1,618 | (406) | Recognised in Other comprehensive income | 5,736 | (2,388) | ||||||||||||
| 9 | 92 | 1,104 | (Gain)/loss reclassified to profit or loss | 101 | 1,092 | ||||||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
Assets classified as held for sale
| $ million | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Assets classified as held for sale | 10,619 | 9,857 | ||||||
| Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale | 7,856 | 6,203 | ||||||
Assets classified as held for sale and associated liabilities at June 30, 2025, principally relate to Shell's UK offshore oil and gas assets in Upstream and mining interests in Canada in Chemicals and Products. Upon completion of the sale, Shell's UK offshore assets will be derecognised in exchange for a 50% interest in a newly formed joint venture.
The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale at June 30, 2025, are Property, plant and equipment ($9,759 million; December 31, 2024: $8,283 million), Deferred tax liabilities ($3,312 million; December 31, 2024: $2,042 million) and Decommissioning and other provisions ($3,165 million; December 31, 2024: $3,053 million).
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Cash flow from operating activities - Other
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 684 | 570 | 2,027 | Other | 1,254 | 2,536 | ||||||||||||
'Cash flow from operating activities - Other' for the second quarter 2025 includes $979 million of net inflows (first quarter 2025: $652 million net inflows; second quarter 2024: $620 million net inflows) due to the timing of payments relating to emission certificates and biofuel programmes in Europe and North America and $439 million in relation to reversal of currency exchange gains on Cash and cash equivalents (first quarter 2025: $255 million gains; second quarter 2024: $96 million losses). In addition, the second quarter 2024 includes $1,104 million inflow representing reversal of the non-cash recycling of currency translation losses from other comprehensive income.
Dividends received from joint ventures and associates
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 2,361 | 523 | 792 | Dividends received from joint ventures and associates | 2,884 | 1,530 | ||||||||||||
In the second quarter 2025, a cash dividend of $1,727 million was received from a joint venture in Upstream.
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses
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| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| (57) | 559 | 710 | Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses | 502 | 1,033 | ||||||||||||
In the second quarter 2025, Shell completed the sale of a business that held $216 million of cash and cash equivalents, that was agreed to be transferred in the sale, resulting in a cash outflow in 'Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses'. Sales proceeds were received and recognised in the Consolidated statement of Cash Flows in the first quarter 2025.
8. Reconciliation of Operating expenses and Total Debt
| RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 4,909 | 5,549 | 5,593 | Production and manufacturing expenses | 10,459 | 11,403 | ||||||||||||
| 3,077 | 2,840 | 3,094 | Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 5,917 | 6,069 | ||||||||||||
| 278 | 185 | 263 | Research and development | 464 | 475 | ||||||||||||
| 8,265 | 8,575 | 8,950 | Operating expenses | 16,840 | 17,947 | ||||||||||||
| RECONCILIATION OF TOTAL DEBT | |||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | $ million | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| 10,457 | 11,391 | 10,849 | Current debt | 10,457 | 10,849 | ||||||||||||
| 65,218 | 65,120 | 64,619 | Non-current debt | 65,218 | 64,619 | ||||||||||||
| 75,675 | 76,511 | 75,468 | Total debt | 75,675 | 75,468 | ||||||||||||
9. Post-balance sheet events
On July 1, 2023, new pension legislation ("Wet Toekomst Pensioenen" (WTP)) came into effect in the Netherlands, with an expected implementation required prior to January 1, 2028. In July 2025, the Trustee Board of the Stichting Shell Pensioen Fonds (“SSPF”), Shell's defined benefit pension fund in the Netherlands, formally accepted the transition plan to transition from a defined benefit pension fund to a defined contribution plan with effect from January 1, 2027, subject to the local funding level of the plan remaining above an agreed level (125%) during a predetermined transition period.
In accordance with asset ceiling principles, in the third quarter 2025, Shell will recognise an adjustment to reduce the pension fund surplus (June 30, 2025: $5,521 million) to nil, and recognise a liability for a minimum funding requirement estimated at $750 million, resulting in a loss in Other Comprehensive Income. In addition, a net deferred tax liability of $1,617 million will be unwound, leading to an overall net post-tax loss of $4,654 million recognised in Other Comprehensive Income resulting in an increase in gearing of 0.4 percentage points. Subsequently, at the date of transition and settlement (expected December 31, 2026), the surplus at that date will be de-recognised, resulting in an identified loss in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The extent to which the funding level will meet the agreed 125% threshold is subject to uncertainty and the asset ceiling recognised will continue to be monitored in accordance with IAS 19 Employee Benefits.
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ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE (NON-GAAP) MEASURES
A.Adjusted Earnings, Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and Cash flow from operating activities
The “Adjusted Earnings” measure aims to facilitate a comparative understanding of Shell’s financial performance from period to period by removing the effects of oil price changes on inventory carrying amounts and removing the effects of identified items. These items are in some cases driven by external factors and may, either individually or collectively, hinder the comparative understanding of Shell’s financial results from period to period. This measure excludes earnings attributable to non-controlling interest when presenting the total Shell Group result but includes these items when presenting individual segment Adjusted Earnings as set out in the table below.
See Note 2 “Segment information” for the reconciliation of Adjusted Earnings.
We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as “Income/(loss) for the period” adjusted for current cost of supplies; identified items; tax charge/(credit); depreciation, amortisation and depletion; exploration well write-offs and net interest expense. All items include the non-controlling interest component. Management uses this measure to evaluate Shell's performance in the period and over time.
| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 4,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Non-controlling interest | 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus non-controlling interest | 1,737 | 1,732 | 1,199 | 118 | (9) | (463) | 4,314 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Taxation charge/(credit) excluding tax impact of identified items | 497 | 2,205 | 413 | (103) | 20 | (217) | 2,815 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortisation excluding impairments | 1,585 | 2,353 | 557 | 872 | 90 | 6 | 5,463 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Exploration well write-offs | 3 | 203 | — | — | — | — | 206 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense excluding identified items | 53 | 171 | 12 | 16 | 2 | 820 | 1,074 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Interest income | — | 26 | — | 39 | 2 | 492 | 559 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 3,875 | 6,638 | 2,181 | 864 | 102 | (346) | 13,313 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 104 | 333 | 436 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint ventures and associates (dividends received less profit) | 92 | 1,542 | 161 | 70 | 10 | — | 1,876 | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | 542 | 25 | 13 | 3 | (66) | 410 | 928 | ||||||||||||||||
| Taxation paid | (967) | (1,948) | (132) | (87) | (60) | (238) | (3,432) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | (265) | (413) | 533 | 471 | 142 | (395) | 74 | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in working capital | 352 | 655 | 67 | 383 | (128) | (1,715) | (386) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operating activities | 3,629 | 6,500 | 2,718 | 1,372 | 1 | (2,283) | 11,937 | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 5,577 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Non-controlling interest | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus non-controlling interest | 2,483 | 2,337 | 900 | 449 | (42) | (457) | 5,670 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Taxation charge/(credit) excluding tax impact of identified items | 803 | 2,619 | 391 | 99 | 63 | (191) | 3,784 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortisation excluding impairments | 1,404 | 2,213 | 566 | 852 | 90 | 6 | 5,130 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Exploration well write-offs | — | 29 | — | — | — | — | 28 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense excluding identified items | 51 | 200 | 12 | 14 | 2 | 841 | 1,119 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Interest income | 4 | 11 | — | 4 | 2 | 461 | 481 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 4,735 | 7,387 | 1,869 | 1,410 | 111 | (261) | 15,250 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 52 | (67) | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint ventures and associates (dividends received less profit) | (286) | (159) | 203 | 54 | 10 | — | (178) | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | 542 | 14 | 10 | (508) | (169) | 73 | (38) | ||||||||||||||||
| Taxation paid | (773) | (1,999) | (174) | 63 | 52 | (68) | (2,900) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | (68) | (386) | 396 | 125 | (17) | (257) | (206) | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in working capital | (687) | (913) | (344) | (1,081) | 380 | (19) | (2,663) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operating activities | 3,463 | 3,945 | 1,907 | 130 | 367 | (531) | 9,281 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 6,293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Non-controlling interest | 122 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus non-controlling interest | 2,675 | 2,336 | 1,082 | 1,085 | (187) | (576) | 6,415 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Taxation charge/(credit) excluding tax impact of identified items | 940 | 2,312 | 359 | 297 | (10) | 49 | 3,947 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortisation excluding impairments | 1,375 | 2,750 | 548 | 867 | 95 | 6 | 5,642 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Exploration well write-offs | 5 | 264 | — | — | — | — | 269 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense excluding identified items | 44 | 166 | 10 | 23 | 1 | 904 | 1,149 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Interest income | — | (1) | — | 30 | (9) | 595 | 616 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 5,039 | 7,829 | 1,999 | 2,242 | (91) | (213) | 16,806 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 74 | 59 | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint ventures and associates (dividends received less profit) | 96 | (288) | (54) | 46 | 64 | — | (135) | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | (133) | 9 | 7 | 304 | 607 | (79) | 713 | ||||||||||||||||
| Taxation paid | (1,039) | (1,955) | (17) | (186) | (138) | (113) | (3,448) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | (104) | (341) | (57) | 263 | 180 | 20 | (38) | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in working capital | 324 | 484 | 153 | (361) | 225 | (1,083) | (258) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operating activities | 4,183 | 5,739 | 1,958 | 2,249 | 847 | (1,468) | 13,508 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 9,841 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Non-controlling interest | 144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus non-controlling interest | 4,220 | 4,068 | 2,100 | 567 | (51) | (920) | 9,984 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Taxation charge/(credit) excluding tax impact of identified items | 1,299 | 4,824 | 804 | (3) | 83 | (408) | 6,599 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortisation excluding impairments | 2,988 | 4,566 | 1,123 | 1,724 | 180 | 13 | 10,593 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Exploration well write-offs | 3 | 232 | — | — | — | — | 234 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense excluding identified items | 104 | 371 | 24 | 29 | 4 | 1,661 | 2,193 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Interest income | 4 | 37 | 1 | 43 | 3 | 953 | 1,040 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 8,610 | 14,024 | 4,049 | 2,274 | 213 | (607) | 28,563 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | 156 | 266 | 422 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint ventures and associates (dividends received less profit) | (194) | 1,384 | 365 | 124 | 20 | — | 1,698 | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | 1,084 | 39 | 23 | (504) | (235) | 484 | 891 | ||||||||||||||||
| Taxation paid | (1,741) | (3,946) | (306) | (24) | (8) | (306) | (6,331) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | (332) | (799) | 928 | 597 | 126 | (651) | (132) | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in working capital | (335) | (257) | (277) | (698) | 252 | (1,734) | (3,049) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operating activities | 7,092 | 10,445 | 4,625 | 1,502 | 368 | (2,814) | 21,218 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings | 14,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Non-controlling interest | 192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus non-controlling interest | 6,354 | 4,270 | 1,863 | 2,700 | (24) | (944) | 14,219 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Taxation charge/(credit) excluding tax impact of identified items | 1,936 | 4,834 | 717 | 635 | (9) | (42) | 8,071 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortisation excluding impairments | 2,785 | 5,477 | 1,084 | 1,737 | 201 | 12 | 11,296 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Exploration well write-offs | 13 | 811 | — | — | — | — | 823 | ||||||||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense excluding identified items | 87 | 335 | 22 | 40 | 2 | 1,825 | 2,312 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Interest income | — | 9 | — | 44 | (5) | 1,155 | 1,204 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 11,175 | 15,717 | 3,686 | 5,068 | 175 | (304) | 35,517 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current cost of supplies adjustment before taxation | (79) | (148) | (227) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint ventures and associates (dividends received less profit) | (101) | (834) | 38 | 102 | 78 | — | (717) | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | (1,213) | 5 | (32) | (98) | 2,585 | (228) | 1,019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Taxation paid | (1,506) | (3,757) | (191) | (205) | (382) | (23) | (6,064) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | (59) | (572) | 337 | (115) | 151 | 124 | (135) | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase)/decrease in working capital | 599 | 905 | (639) | (3,000) | 706 | (1,581) | (3,010) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operating activities | 8,895 | 11,466 | 3,277 | 1,900 | 3,313 | (2,013) | 26,838 | ||||||||||||||||
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
Identified items
The objective of identified items is to remove material impacts on net income/loss arising from transactions which are generally uncontrollable and unusual (infrequent or non-recurring) in nature or giving rise to a mismatch between accounting and economic results, or certain transactions that are generally excluded from underlying results in the industry.
Identified items comprise: divestment gains and losses, impairments and impairment reversals, redundancy and restructuring, fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts that gives rise to a mismatch between accounting and economic results, the impact of exchange rate movements and inflationary adjustments on certain deferred tax balances, and other items.
See Note 2 “Segment information” for details.
B. Adjusted Earnings per share
Adjusted Earnings per share is calculated as Adjusted Earnings (see Reference A), divided by the weighted average number of shares used as the basis for basic earnings per share (see Note 3).
C. Cash capital expenditure
Cash capital expenditure represents cash spent on maintaining and developing assets as well as on investments in the period. Management regularly monitors this measure as a key lever to delivering sustainable cash flows. Cash capital expenditure is the sum of the following lines from the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: Capital expenditure, Investments in joint ventures and associates and Investments in equity securities.
See Note 2 “Segment information” for the reconciliation of cash capital expenditure.
D. Capital employed and Return on average capital employed
Return on average capital employed ("ROACE") measures the efficiency of Shell’s utilisation of the capital that it employs.
The measure refers to Capital employed which consists of total equity, current debt, and non-current debt reduced by cash and cash equivalents.
In this calculation, the sum of Adjusted Earnings (see Reference A) plus non-controlling interest (NCI) excluding identified items for the current and previous three quarters, adjusted for after-tax interest expense and after-tax interest income, is expressed as a percentage of the average capital employed excluding cash and cash equivalents for the same period.
| $ million | Quarters | ||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | |||||||||
| Current debt | 10,849 | 11,046 | 12,114 | ||||||||
| Non-current debt | 64,619 | 68,886 | 72,252 | ||||||||
| Total equity | 187,190 | 188,304 | 192,094 | ||||||||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | (38,148) | (39,949) | (45,094) | ||||||||
| Capital employed – opening | 224,511 | 228,286 | 231,366 | ||||||||
| Current debt | 10,457 | 11,391 | 10,849 | ||||||||
| Non-current debt | 65,218 | 65,120 | 64,619 | ||||||||
| Total equity | 183,088 | 180,670 | 187,190 | ||||||||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | (32,682) | (35,601) | (38,148) | ||||||||
| Capital employed – closing | 226,081 | 221,580 | 224,511 | ||||||||
| Capital employed – average | 225,296 | 224,933 | 227,939 | ||||||||
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| $ million | Quarters | ||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | |||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings - current and previous three quarters (Reference A) | 19,529 | 21,558 | 27,558 | ||||||||
| Add: Income/(loss) attributable to NCI - current and previous three quarters | 351 | 441 | 409 | ||||||||
| Add: Current cost of supplies adjustment attributable to NCI - current and previous three quarters | 25 | 25 | (25) | ||||||||
| Less: Identified items attributable to NCI (Reference A) - current and previous three quarters | 0 | 18 | 7 | ||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus NCI excluding identified items - current and previous three quarters | 19,904 | 22,005 | 27,935 | ||||||||
| Add: Interest expense after tax - current and previous three quarters | 2,577 | 2,639 | 2,650 | ||||||||
| Less: Interest income after tax on cash and cash equivalents - current and previous three quarters | 1,206 | 1,329 | 1,395 | ||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings plus NCI excluding identified items before interest expense and interest income - current and previous three quarters | 21,274 | 23,315 | 29,190 | ||||||||
| Capital employed – average | 225,296 | 224,933 | 227,939 | ||||||||
| ROACE on an Adjusted Earnings plus NCI basis | 9.4% | 10.4% | 12.8% | ||||||||
E. Net debt and gearing
Net debt is defined as the sum of current and non-current debt, less cash and cash equivalents, adjusted for the fair value of derivative financial instruments used to hedge foreign exchange and interest rate risk relating to debt, and associated collateral balances. Management considers this adjustment useful because it reduces the volatility of net debt caused by fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates, and eliminates the potential impact of related collateral payments or receipts. Debt-related derivative financial instruments are a subset of the derivative financial instrument assets and liabilities presented on the balance sheet. Collateral balances are reported under “Trade and other receivables” or “Trade and other payables” as appropriate.
Gearing is a measure of Shell's capital structure and is defined as net debt (total debt less cash and cash equivalents) as a percentage of total capital (net debt plus total equity).
| $ million | |||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||||
| Current debt | 10,457 | 11,391 | 10,849 | ||||||||
| Non-current debt | 65,218 | 65,120 | 64,619 | ||||||||
| Total debt | 75,675 | 76,511 | 75,468 | ||||||||
| Of which: Lease liabilities | 28,955 | 28,488 | 25,600 | ||||||||
| Add: Debt-related derivative financial instruments: net liability/(asset) | 589 | 1,905 | 2,460 | ||||||||
| Add: Collateral on debt-related derivatives: net liability/(asset) | (366) | (1,295) | (1,466) | ||||||||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | (32,682) | (35,601) | (38,148) | ||||||||
| Net debt | 43,216 | 41,521 | 38,314 | ||||||||
| Total equity | 183,088 | 180,670 | 187,190 | ||||||||
| Total capital | 226,304 | 222,190 | 225,505 | ||||||||
| Gearing | 19.1 | % | 18.7 | % | 17.0 | % | |||||
F. Operating expenses and Underlying operating expenses
Operating expenses
Operating expenses is a measure of Shell’s cost management performance, comprising the following items from the Consolidated Statement of Income: production and manufacturing expenses; selling, distribution and administrative expenses; and research and development expenses.
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| Q2 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing expenses | 899 | 1,940 | 179 | 1,459 | 431 | — | 4,909 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 30 | 43 | 2,319 | 441 | 138 | 106 | 3,077 | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 36 | 71 | 49 | 38 | 23 | 61 | 278 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 965 | 2,055 | 2,547 | 1,939 | 592 | 168 | 8,265 | ||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing expenses | 947 | 2,139 | 349 | 1,621 | 486 | 8 | 5,549 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 38 | 42 | 2,053 | 442 | 153 | 111 | 2,840 | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 22 | 32 | 42 | 25 | 21 | 43 | 185 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 1,006 | 2,213 | 2,444 | 2,088 | 661 | 162 | 8,575 | ||||||||||||||||
| Q2 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing expenses | 1,050 | 2,219 | 320 | 1,573 | 422 | 10 | 5,593 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 64 | 62 | 2,295 | 293 | 279 | 101 | 3,094 | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 32 | 61 | 47 | 37 | 24 | 62 | 263 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 1,146 | 2,341 | 2,662 | 1,902 | 725 | 173 | 8,950 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2025 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing expenses | 1,846 | 4,079 | 528 | 3,080 | 916 | 8 | 10,459 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 67 | 85 | 4,371 | 884 | 292 | 218 | 5,917 | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 57 | 103 | 92 | 63 | 44 | 104 | 464 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 1,971 | 4,268 | 4,991 | 4,027 | 1,253 | 330 | 16,840 | ||||||||||||||||
| Half year 2024 | $ million | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Gas | Upstream | Marketing | Chemicals and Products | Renewables and Energy Solutions | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing expenses | 2,006 | 4,487 | 685 | 3,207 | 1,001 | 16 | 11,403 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, distribution and administrative expenses | 126 | 120 | 4,483 | 713 | 437 | 190 | 6,069 | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 58 | 119 | 81 | 71 | 36 | 111 | 475 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 2,190 | 4,726 | 5,249 | 3,990 | 1,475 | 317 | 17,947 | ||||||||||||||||
Underlying operating expenses
Underlying operating expenses is a measure aimed at facilitating a comparative understanding of performance from period to period by removing the effects of identified items, which, either individually or collectively, can cause volatility, in some cases driven by external factors.
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| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 8,265 | 8,575 | 8,950 | Operating expenses | 16,840 | 17,947 | ||||||||||||
| (119) | (44) | (210) | Redundancy and restructuring (charges)/reversal | (162) | (283) | ||||||||||||
| (1) | (101) | (212) | (Provisions)/reversal | (102) | (212) | ||||||||||||
| — | 23 | 123 | Other | 23 | 252 | ||||||||||||
| (120) | (121) | (299) | Total identified items | (241) | (242) | ||||||||||||
| 8,145 | 8,453 | 8,651 | Underlying operating expenses | 16,598 | 17,704 | ||||||||||||
G. Free cash flow and Organic free cash flow
Free cash flow is used to evaluate cash available for financing activities, including dividend payments and debt servicing, after investment in maintaining and growing the business. It is defined as the sum of “Cash flow from operating activities” and “Cash flow from investing activities”.
Cash flows from acquisition and divestment activities are removed from Free cash flow to arrive at the Organic free cash flow, a measure used by management to evaluate the generation of free cash flow without these activities.
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 11,937 | 9,281 | 13,508 | Cash flow from operating activities | 21,218 | 26,838 | ||||||||||||
| (5,406) | (3,959) | (3,338) | Cash flow from investing activities | (9,365) | (6,866) | ||||||||||||
| 6,531 | 5,322 | 10,170 | Free cash flow | 11,853 | 19,972 | ||||||||||||
| (36) | 597 | 769 | Less: Divestment proceeds (Reference I) | 560 | 1,794 | ||||||||||||
| 98 | 45 | — | Add: Tax paid on divestments (reported under "Other investing cash outflows") | 143 | — | ||||||||||||
| 792 | 130 | 189 | Add: Cash outflows related to inorganic capital expenditure1 | 921 | 251 | ||||||||||||
| 7,458 | 4,899 | 9,590 | Organic free cash flow2 | 12,357 | 18,429 | ||||||||||||
1.Cash outflows related to inorganic capital expenditure includes portfolio actions which expand Shell's activities through acquisitions and restructuring activities as reported in capital expenditure lines in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
2.Free cash flow less divestment proceeds, adding back outflows related to inorganic expenditure.
H. Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements
Working capital movements are defined as the sum of the following items in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: (i) (increase)/decrease in inventories, (ii) (increase)/decrease in current receivables, and (iii) increase/(decrease) in current payables.
Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements is a measure used by Shell to analyse its operating cash generation over time excluding the timing effects of changes in inventories and operating receivables and payables from period to period.
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 11,937 | 9,281 | 13,508 | Cash flow from operating activities | 21,218 | 26,838 | ||||||||||||
| (27) | 854 | (954) | (Increase)/decrease in inventories | 827 | (1,562) | ||||||||||||
| 3,635 | (2,610) | 1,965 | (Increase)/decrease in current receivables | 1,025 | 1,770 | ||||||||||||
| (3,994) | (907) | (1,269) | Increase/(decrease) in current payables | (4,901) | (3,218) | ||||||||||||
| (386) | (2,663) | (258) | (Increase)/decrease in working capital | (3,049) | (3,010) | ||||||||||||
| 12,323 | 11,944 | 13,766 | Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements | 24,267 | 29,848 | ||||||||||||
I. Divestment proceeds
Divestment proceeds represent cash received from divestment activities in the period. Management regularly monitors this measure as a key lever to deliver free cash flow.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
| Quarters | $ million | Half year | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q2 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| (57) | 559 | 710 | Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses | 502 | 1,033 | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 33 | 57 | Proceeds from joint ventures and associates from sale, capital reduction and repayment of long-term loans | 34 | 190 | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 5 | 2 | Proceeds from sale of equity securities | 24 | 570 | ||||||||||||
| (36) | 597 | 769 | Divestment proceeds | 560 | 1,794 | ||||||||||||
J. Structural cost reduction
The structural cost reduction target is used for the purpose of demonstrating how management drives cost discipline across the entire organisation, simplifying our processes and portfolio, and streamlining the way we work.
Structural cost reduction describes the decrease in underlying operating expenses (see Reference F above) as a result of operational efficiencies, divestments, workforce reductions and other cost-saving measures that are expected to be sustainable compared with 2022 levels.
The total change between periods in underlying operating expenses will reflect both structural cost reductions and other changes in spend, including market factors, such as inflation and foreign exchange impacts, as well as changes in activity levels and costs associated with new operations.
Structural cost reductions are stewarded internally to support management's oversight of spending over time. The 2028 target reflects annualised saving achieved by end-2028.
| $ million | |||||
| Structural cost reduction up to second quarter 2025 compared with 2022 levels | (3,905) | ||||
| Underlying operating expenses 2024 | 35,707 | ||||
| Underlying operating expenses 2022 | 39,456 | ||||
| Total decrease in Underlying operating expenses | (3,749) | ||||
| Of which: | |||||
| Structural cost reductions | (3,119) | ||||
| Change in Underlying operating expenses excluding structural cost reduction | (630) | ||||
| Underlying operating expenses first half 2025 | 16,598 | ||||
| Underlying operating expenses first half 2024 | 17,704 | ||||
| Total decrease in Underlying operating expenses | (1,106) | ||||
| Of which: | |||||
| Structural cost reductions | (786) | ||||
| Change in Underlying operating expenses excluding structural cost reduction | (320) | ||||
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The principal risks and uncertainties affecting Shell are described in the Risk management and risk factors section of the Annual Report and Accounts (pages 134 to 144) and Form 20-F (pages 25 to 34) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and are summarised below. There are no material changes expected in those Risk Factors for the remaining six months of the financial year.
1.Portfolio risks
We are exposed to risks that could adversely affect the resilience of our overall portfolio of businesses. These include external risks such as macroeconomic risks, including fluctuating commodity prices and competitive forces. Our future performance depends on the successful development and deployment of new technologies that provide new products and solutions. In addition, our future hydrocarbon production depends on the delivery of integrated projects and our ability to replace proved oil and gas reserves. Many of our major projects and operations are conducted in joint arrangements or with associates. This could reduce our degree of control and our ability to identify and manage risks.
2.Climate change and the energy transition
Rising concerns about climate change and the effects of the energy transition pose multiple risks to Shell, including declines in the demand for and prices of our products, commercial risks from growing our low-carbon business, and adverse litigation and regulatory developments. The physical impacts of climate change could also adversely affect our assets and supply chains.
3.Country risks
We operate in more than 70 countries which have differing degrees of political, legal and fiscal stability. This has exposed, and could expose, us to a wide range of political developments that could result in changes to contractual terms, laws and regulations.
4.Financial risks
We are exposed to treasury risks, including liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and credit risk. We are affected by the global macroeconomic environment and the conditions of financial markets. These, and changes to certain demographic factors, also impact our pension assets and liabilities.
5.Trading risks
We are exposed to market, regulatory and conduct risks in our trading operations.
6.Health, safety, security and the environment
The nature of our operations exposes us, and the communities in which we work, to a wide range of health, safety, security and environment risks.
7.Information technology and cybersecurity risks
We rely heavily on information technology systems in our operations.
8.Litigation and regulatory compliance
Violations of laws carry fines and could expose us and/or our employees to criminal sanctions and civil suits. We have faced, and could also face, the risk of litigation and disputes worldwide.
9.Reputation and risks to our licence to operate
An erosion of our business reputation could have a material adverse effect on our brand, on our ability to secure new hydrocarbon or low-carbon opportunities, to access capital markets, and to attract and retain people, and on our licence to operate.
10.Our people and culture
The successful delivery of our strategy is dependent on our people and on a culture that aligns to our goals and reflects the changes we need to make as part of the energy transition.
11.Other (generally applicable to an investment in securities)
The Company's Articles of Association determine the jurisdiction for shareholder disputes. This could limit shareholder remedies.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
2025 PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENTS
Integrated Gas
In March 2025, we completed the previously announced acquisition of 100% of the shares in Pavilion Energy Pte. Ltd. (Pavilion Energy). Pavilion Energy, headquartered in Singapore, operates a global LNG trading business with contracted supply volume of approximately 6.5 million tonnes per annum (mtpa).
In June 2025, we announced that the first cargo of liquefied natural gas (LNG) had left the LNG Canada facility on the west coast of Canada. Shell has a 40% working interest in the LNG Canada joint venture. Located in Kitimat, British Columbia, the facility will export LNG from two processing units or “trains” with a total capacity of 14 million tonnes per annum (mtpa).
Upstream
In January 2025, we announced the start of production at the Shell-operated Whale floating production facility in the Gulf of America. The Whale development is owned by Shell (60%, operator) and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (40%).
In February 2025, we announced production restart at the Penguins field in the UK North Sea with a modern floating, production, storage and offloading (FPSO) facility (Shell 50%, operator; NEO Energy 50%). The previous export route for this field was via the Brent Charlie platform, which ceased production in 2021 and is being decommissioned.
In March 2025, we completed the sale of SPDC to Renaissance, as announced in January 2024.
In March 2025, we announced the Final Investment Decision (FID) for Gato do Mato, a deep-water project in the pre-salt area of the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. The Gato do Mato Consortium includes Shell (operator, 50%), Ecopetrol (30%), TotalEnergies (20%) and Pré-Sal Petróleo S.A. (PPSA) acting as the manager of the production sharing contract (PSC).
In May 2025, we completed the previously announced agreement to increase our working interest in the Shell-operated Ursa platform in the Gulf of America from 45.39% to 61.35%.
In May 2025, we announced the start of production at the floating production storage and offloading facility (FPSO) Alexandre de Gusmão in the Mero field in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil. The unitized Mero field is operated by Petrobras (38.6%), in partnership with Shell Brasil (19.3%), TotalEnergies (19.3%), CNPC (9.65%), CNOOC (9.65%) and Pré-Sal Petróleo S.A. (PPSA) (3.5%) representing the Government in the non-contracted area.
In May 2025, we signed an agreement to acquire a 12.5% interest in the OML 118 Production Sharing Contract (OML 118 PSC) from TotalEnergies EP Nigeria Limited. Upon completion, Shell's working interest in the OML 118 PSC is expected to increase from 55% to a maximum of 67.5%.
Chemicals and Products
In January 2025, CNOOC and Shell Petrochemicals Company Limited (CSPC), a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and CNOOC Petrochemicals Investment Ltd, took an FID to expand its petrochemical complex in Daya Bay, Huizhou, south China.
In April 2025, we completed the previously announced sale of our Energy and Chemicals Park in Singapore to CAPGC Pte. Ltd. (CAPGC), a joint venture between Chandra Asri Capital Pte. Ltd. and Glencore Asian Holdings Pte. Ltd.
In April 2025, we agreed to sell our 16.125% interest in Colonial Enterprises, Inc. (“Colonial”) to Colossus AcquireCo LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. and its institutional partners (collectively, “Brookfield”), for $1.45 billion. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025.
Renewables and Energy Solutions
In January 2025, we completed the previously announced acquisition of a 100% equity stake in RISEC Holdings, LLC, which owns a 609-megawatt (MW) two-unit combined-cycle gas turbine power plant in Rhode Island, USA.
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2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT
It is confirmed that to the best of our knowledge: (a) the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and as adopted by the UK; (b) the interim management report includes a fair review of the information required by Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rule (DTR) 4.2.7R (indication of important events during the first six months of the financial year, and their impact on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements, and description of principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year); and (c) the interim management report includes a fair review of the information required by DTR 4.2.8R (disclosure of related parties transactions and changes thereto).
The Directors of Shell plc are shown on pages 152 to 155 in the Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended December 31, 2024.
On behalf of the Board
| Wael Sawan | Sinead Gorman | |||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||
| July 31, 2025 | July 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
INDEPENDENT REVIEW REPORT TO SHELL PLC
Conclusion
We have been engaged by Shell plc to review the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements ("Interim Statements") and half year unaudited results ("half-yearly financial report") for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Income, the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and Notes 1 to 9. We have read the other information contained in the half-yearly financial report and considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the information in the Interim Statements.
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the Interim Statements in the half-yearly financial report for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standard 34 and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority.
Basis for Conclusion
We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements ("ISRE") 2410 (UK), "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" (ISRE) issued by the Financial Reporting Council. A review of interim financial information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
As disclosed in Note 1, Shell's annual financial statements are prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards. The Interim Statements included in the half-yearly financial report have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standard 34 "Interim Financial Reporting".
Conclusions Relating to Going Concern
Based on our review procedures, which are less extensive than those performed in an audit as described in the Basis of Conclusion section of this report, nothing has come to our attention to suggest that management have inappropriately adopted the going concern basis of accounting or that management have identified material uncertainties relating to going concern that are not appropriately disclosed.
This conclusion is based on the review procedures performed in accordance with this ISRE, however future events or conditions may cause the entity to cease to continue as a going concern.
Responsibilities of the Directors
The Directors are responsible for preparing the half-yearly financial report in accordance with the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority.
In preparing the half-yearly financial report, the Directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the review of the financial information
In reviewing the half-yearly financial report, we are responsible for expressing to Shell plc a conclusion on the Interim Statements in the half-yearly financial report. Our conclusion, including our Conclusions Relating to Going Concern are based on procedures that are less extensive than audit procedures, as described in the Basis for Conclusion paragraph of this report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to Shell plc in accordance with guidance contained in the International Standard on Review Engagements 2410 (UK) "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" issued by the Financial Reporting Council. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than Shell plc, for our work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have formed.
Ernst & Young LLP
London
July 31, 2025
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
All amounts shown throughout this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report are unaudited. All peak production figures in Portfolio Developments are quoted at 100% expected production. The numbers presented throughout this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report may not sum precisely to the totals provided and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures, due to rounding.
The companies in which Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate legal entities. In this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report, “Shell”, “Shell Group” and “Group” are sometimes used for convenience to reference Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general. Likewise, the words “we”, “us” and “our” are also used to refer to Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general or to those who work for them. These terms are also used where no useful purpose is served by identifying the particular entity or entities. ‘‘Subsidiaries’’, “Shell subsidiaries” and “Shell companies” as used in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report, refer to entities over which Shell plc either directly or indirectly has control. The terms “joint venture”, “joint operations”, “joint arrangements”, and “associates” may also be used to refer to a commercial arrangement in which Shell has a direct or indirect ownership interest with one or more parties. The term “Shell interest” is used for convenience to indicate the direct and/or indirect ownership interest held by Shell in an entity or unincorporated joint arrangement, after exclusion of all third-party interest.
Forward-Looking statements
This Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the financial condition, results of operations and businesses of Shell. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements of future expectations that are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements concerning the potential exposure of Shell to market risks and statements expressing management’s expectations, beliefs, estimates, forecasts, projections and assumptions. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “aim”; “ambition”; ‘‘anticipate’’; “aspire”, “aspiration”, ‘‘believe’’; “commit”; “commitment”; ‘‘could’’; “desire”; ‘‘estimate’’; ‘‘expect’’; ‘‘goals’’; ‘‘intend’’; ‘‘may’’; “milestones”; ‘‘objectives’’; ‘‘outlook’’; ‘‘plan’’; ‘‘probably’’; ‘‘project’’; ‘‘risks’’; “schedule”; ‘‘seek’’; ‘‘should’’; ‘‘target’’; “vision”; ‘‘will’’; “would” and similar terms and phrases. There are a number of factors that could affect the future operations of Shell and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements included in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report, including (without limitation): (a) price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas; (b) changes in demand for Shell’s products; (c) currency fluctuations; (d) drilling and production results; (e) reserves estimates; (f) loss of market share and industry competition; (g) environmental and physical risks, including climate change; (h) risks associated with the identification of suitable potential acquisition properties and targets, and successful negotiation and completion of such transactions; (i) the risk of doing business in developing countries and countries subject to international sanctions; (j) legislative, judicial, fiscal and regulatory developments including tariffs and regulatory measures addressing climate change; (k) economic and financial market conditions in various countries and regions; (l) political risks, including the risks of expropriation and renegotiation of the terms of contracts with governmental entities, delays or advancements in the approval of projects and delays in the reimbursement for shared costs; (m) risks associated with the impact of pandemics, regional conflicts, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the conflict in the Middle East, and a significant cyber security, data privacy or IT incident; (n) the pace of the energy transition; and (o) changes in trading conditions. No assurance is provided that future dividend payments will match or exceed previous dividend payments. All forward-looking statements contained in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional risk factors that may affect future results are contained in Shell plc’s Form 20-F and amendment thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 (available at www.shell.com/investors/news-and-filings/sec-filings.html and www.sec.gov). These risk factors also expressly qualify all forward-looking statements contained in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report and should be considered by the reader. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report, July 31, 2025. Neither Shell plc nor any of its subsidiaries undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or other information. In light of these risks, results could differ materially from those stated, implied or inferred from the forward-looking statements contained in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report.
Shell’s net carbon intensity
Also, in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report we may refer to Shell’s “net carbon intensity” (NCI), which includes Shell’s carbon emissions from the production of our energy products, our suppliers’ carbon emissions in supplying energy for that production and our customers’ carbon emissions associated with their use of the energy products we sell. Shell’s NCI also includes the emissions associated with the production and use of energy products produced by others which Shell purchases for resale. Shell only controls its own emissions. The use of the terms Shell’s “net carbon intensity” or NCI is for convenience only and not intended to suggest these emissions are those of Shell plc or its subsidiaries.
Shell’s net-zero emissions target
Shell’s operating plan and outlook are forecasted for a three-year period and ten-year period, respectively, and are updated every year. They reflect the current economic environment and what we can reasonably expect to see over the next three and ten years. Accordingly, the outlook reflects our Scope 1, Scope 2 and NCI targets over the next ten years. However, Shell’s operating plan and outlook cannot reflect our 2050 net-zero emissions target, as this target is outside our planning period. Such future operating plans and outlooks could include changes to our portfolio, efficiency improvements and the use of carbon capture and storage and carbon credits. In the future, as society moves towards net-zero emissions, we expect Shell’s operating plans and outlooks to reflect this movement. However, if society is not net zero in 2050, as of today, there would be significant risk that Shell may not meet this target.
Forward-Looking non-GAAP measures
This Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report may contain certain forward-looking non-GAAP measures such as cash capital expenditure and Adjusted Earnings. We are unable to provide a reconciliation of these forward-looking non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures because certain information needed to reconcile those non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures is dependent on future events some of which are outside the control of Shell, such as oil and gas prices, interest rates and exchange rates. Moreover, estimating such GAAP measures with the required precision necessary to provide a meaningful reconciliation is extremely difficult and could not be accomplished without unreasonable effort. Non-GAAP measures in respect of future periods which cannot be reconciled to the most comparable GAAP financial measure are calculated in a manner which is consistent with the accounting policies applied in Shell plc’s consolidated financial statements.
The contents of websites referred to in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report do not form part of this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report.
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SHELL PLC
2nd QUARTER 2025 AND HALF YEAR UNAUDITED RESULTS
We may have used certain terms, such as resources, in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) strictly prohibits us from including in our filings with the SEC. Investors are urged to consider closely the disclosure in our Form 20-F and any amendment thereto, File No 1-32575, available on the SEC website www.sec.gov.
This announcement contains inside information.
July 31, 2025
| The information in this Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Report reflects the unaudited consolidated financial position and results of Shell plc. Company No. 4366849, Registered Office: Shell Centre, London, SE1 7NA, England, UK. | ||
Contacts:
- Sean Ashley, Company Secretary
- Media: International +44 (0) 207 934 5550; U.S. and Canada: https://www.shell.us/about-us/news-and-insights/media/submit-an-inquiry.html
LEI number of Shell plc: 21380068P1DRHMJ8KU70
Classification: Half yearly financial reports and audit reports / limited reviews; Inside Information
Page 42
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