Alina Holdings PLC:Annual Financial Report
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Alina Holdings PLC (ALNA)
Alina Holdings PLC
Alina Holdings PLC (Reuters: ALNA.L, Bloomberg: ALNA:LN) (“Alina”, “ALNA” or the “Company”)
AUDITED RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 The Company today announces its audited results for the year ended 31 December 2023. The information set out below is extracted from the Company's Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2023, which will be published today on the Company's website www.alina-holdings.com. A copy has also been submitted to the National Storage Mechanism where it will be available for inspection. Cross-references in the extracted information below refer to pages and sections in the Company's Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2023. REPORT FOR THE YEAR TO 31 DECEMBER 2023
Alina Holdings PLC (“Alina” or the “Company”) is a company registered on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange. The group financial statements consolidate those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”).
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENTWriting one’s own report card is always a time for self-reflection, particularly when the conclusion is “could have done better”. In 2023 we…read I…definitely could have done better. Following the Q3 correction, the NASDAQ 100 (NDX) staged a remarkable recovery and, from 27 October to 29 December, surged 27.6%. Driven by the Magnificent 7, which contributed nearly half of the broader market’s 2023 performance, and its poster child Nvidia (NVDA), which rose 239%, the NDX registered a 54.9% for the year when many, including ourselves, had anticipated a recession due to higher interest rates and sticky inflation. The irony is not lost on us as we have since been proven right and the anticipated Fed Pivot has not yet happened, as inflation has proven stickier that most had predicted. Alina’s portfolio of assets is a mixture of Operating, financial (including cash) assets, and a limited number of hedge positions. Clearly hedging doesn’t always work, and on occasion it backfires and increases risk. In 2023, our hedging activities were a small drag on our results but, as with any insurance policy, there is always a price for protection. I am pleased to report that since the end of the year, our largest short position in Tesla (TSLA) generated a realised gain of $731k (£587K at £/$ 1.2437) or a return on average capital employed (ROACE) of 258%. The TSLA short position was closed out on 23 April 2024, the morning before TSLA reported Q1 earnings. Property AssetsBrislington, Bristol: Currently underperforming our expectations due to tenant problems, partially caused by scaffolding erected for work on the Landlord’s adjacent building that are currently moribund. Castle Court, Hastings: Former Argos unit has now been refurbished and asbestos removed. Claim for expenditure plus costs will now be submitted to Sainsbury’s, the new owner’s of Argos per the ‘full repairing lease’ that they have ignored. Former Italian Way (restaurant) unit has now been recovered from illegal tenant that had taken occupation without even bothering to apply for a lease. Refurbishment will be undertaken and application to expand the unit will be sought from Hastings Council, the Freehold owner. Shaw, Suffolk: Small unit, in the process of being sold. OutlookSadly, I do not believe that Geo-political risk is properly reflected in current US share prices. Therefore, the likelihood of the correction we anticipated last year, but which turned into an enormous AI infused rally, still exists. Whilst we will always be substantially skewed to the long side, we will continue to try and protect downside risk.
Duncan SoukupChairman Alina Holdings plc 29 April 2024
FINANCIAL REVIEW
The financial statements contained in this report have been prepared in accordance with UK Adopted International Accounting Standards. ResultThe Group recorded an IFRS loss for the year to 31 December 2023 of £1,123,000, or 4.95p/shr (2022: loss £136,000, or 0.60p/shr). The majority of the losses were associated with the decline in value of the Company’s HEIQ investment, and losses on hedges, partially offset by the increase in value (on a mark to market basis) of Dolphin Capital Advisors (DCI). Operating income is still substantially below Group target due to continued vacancy of the former Argos unit in the Company’s Hastings property. Further clouding the picture was the ongoing problem that we encountered in Hastings with an illegal occupant who had taken occupancy illegally. The offending party had the temerity to blame us for not extending them a lease, notwithstanding the fact that they had moved in without ever applying for a lease. We are pleased to report that they have since departed. Refurbishment of the former Argos unit is now complete, and we will now seek to relet both the Argos unit, and once extended, the end restaurant unit at prevailing rates, whilst also commencing the refurbishment and conversion of the first floor from office to residential. Unfortunately, building costs are currently in Lala-land ,such that finding a builder to work at a reasonable price is somewhat akin to finding a needle in a haystack. Key Performance Indicators (“KPI’s”)Throughout the reporting period the Group had no borrowings and held cash reserves at 31 December 2023 of £1.117 million (31 December 2022: £1.721 million). The KPI’s relating to Interest Cover, Loan to Value and Gearing, shown in previous reports, are therefore no longer applicable. The Net Asset Value per Share at 31 December 2023 was 21.9p (31 December 2022: 26.9p). Property Operating ExpensesProperty operating expenses for the year to 31 December 2023 were £298,000 (2022: £300,000). This was predominantly caused by the property rates increases and the vacancy of a larger floorspace in Hastings. There was a release of bad debt provision in the comparable period which increases the variance. Administrative ExpensesAdministrative expenses were £743,000 during the year to 31 December 2023 (2022: £604,000). Net Asset Value (“NAV”)The NAV at 31 December 2023 was £4.97 million or 21.9p per share, based on 22.7 million shares in issue, excluding those held in treasury (31 December 2022: £6.10 million, 26.9p per share, based on 22.7 million shares in issues). At 31 December 2023 the Group held £1.117 million of cash (31 December 2022: £1.721 million). At 31 December 2023 the Group had no banking debt (31 December 2022: £nil). At 31 December 2023, investment properties were held at an assessed fair value of £2,371,000 (2022: £2,504,000). The fair value has been assessed with reference to a third party valuation performed in 2020. The Board’s assessment of the carrying value remains unchanged, pending finding new tenants for vacant units. One residential property in Stafford is considered to be held for sale at 31 December 2023, valued in the Company’s accounts at that date at its anticipated sale price. The 2020 external valuation was undertaken in accordance with the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Appraisal and Valuation Standards on the basis of market value.. Market value is defined as the estimated amount for which a property should exchange on the date of valuation between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s length transaction, after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion.
FinancingThe Group had no borrowings during the year and the Group’s operations were financed from its property income. During the reporting period the Group held some of its cash in foreign currencies. These holdings generated a small unrealised loss at the end of the period, principally from the reduction in USD value against GBP across the period. The risk associated with foreign currency holdings is described in Note 16 to the financial statements. DividendIn line with the Group’s current dividend distribution policy no dividend will be paid in respect of the reporting period. The directors will continue to review the dividend policy in line with progress with the Group’s investment strategy. Risk Management & Operational ControlsThe directors recognize that commercial activities invariably involve an element of risk. A number of the risks to which the business is exposed, such as the condition of the UK domestic economy and sentiment in the UK property market, are beyond the Company’s influence. However, such risk areas are monitored and appropriate mitigating action, such as reviewing the substance and timing of the Company’s operational plans, is taken wherever practicable in response to significant changes. The directors consider the risk areas the Company is exposed to in the light of prevailing economic conditions and the risk areas set out in this section are subject to review. In relation to asset management, the Company’s approach to risk reflects the Company’s granular business model and position in the market and involves the expertise of its directors, management and third-party advisers. Operational progress and key investment and disposal decisions are considered in regular management team meetings as well as being subject to informal peer review. Higher level risks and financial exposures are subject to constant monitoring. Major investment and disposal decisions are subject to review by the directors in accordance with a protocol set by the Board. The Board’s approach in this area is further explained in the Governance section, under Risk & Internal Control. Principal Risks and Uncertainties
Operational ControlsDuring the year, the directors continued to recognize that the Company’s ability to operate successfully is largely dependent on the maintenance of its straightforward approach to doing business and its reputation for integrity. All those who act on the Company’s behalf are required to behave and transact business in accordance with the highest professional standards. As well as compliance with all relevant regulatory requirements, this extends to customer care and external complaint guidelines. The Company has adopted a Code, Policy and Procedures under the Market Abuse Regulation. The majority of the operations were contracted to Eddisons Property Management. Eddisons have looked after the property management for previous years and include the provision of all applicable compliance procedures. The directors were satisfied that the governance procedures adopted by Eddisons in relation to its clients were appropriate and protected the Company’s interests. The Company’s corporate governance regime is underpinned by a whistle-blowing procedure, enabling perceived irregularities to be notified to members of the Board, principally the senior independent non-executive director. The Board has overall responsibility for the Company’s internal control systems and for monitoring its effectiveness. The Board’s approach is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and can only provide reasonable assurance against material misstatements or loss. The directors have not considered it appropriate to establish a separate internal audit function, having regard to the Company’s size. The Board’s approach to internal controls covers all companies within the Group and there are no associate or joint venture entities which it does not cover. The principal foundations of the Company’s internal control framework during the reporting period were:
The Board reviews the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management systems against the principal risks facing the business and their associated mitigating factors, taking account of the findings and recommendations of the auditors at the Company’s half-year and year-end. Following its review of the auditors’ findings during the reporting period, the Board considers that the Company’s approach remains effective and appropriate for a business of the Company’s size and complexity. Key ContractsThere are currently no contracts which require third party approval for any change to the nature, constitution, management or ownership of the business. The appointment agreements of directors do not contain any provisions specifically relating to a change of control. Charitable and Political DonationsDuring the reporting period the Group made £650 donations for charitable purposes and no donations for political purposes (2022: nil). Section 172 Companies Act 2006The Directors acknowledge their duty under s.172 of the Companies Act 2006 and consider that they have, both individually and together, acted in the way that, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. In doing so, they have had regard (amongst other matters) to:
This Financial Review was approved by the directors on 26 April 2024.
Duncan Soukup, Chairman29 April 2024
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT
During the year we continued to focus on the three principal contributors to the success of our business:
The directors remain conscious that the Group’s ability to operate effectively rests on our reputation for fairness and a straightforward and honest approach to conducting business. We therefore strive to transact business in accordance with the highest professional standards and all those who act on our behalf are expected to do the same. Besides complying with all relevant legislation and professional guidelines, this includes customer care and external complaint procedures. We have again considered whether it is appropriate to report on relevant human rights issues. In the context of our business and the reduced size of our investment portfolio, we do not believe that the provision of detailed information in this area would provide any meaningful enhancement to the understanding of the performance of our business. However, we are confident that our approach to doing business does not contravene any human rights principles or applicable legislation. Our approach to corporate responsibility matters is underpinned by a whistle-blowing procedure, enabling perceived irregularities to be notified to directors, principally the independent non-executive directors. DIVERSITYThe Group has a formal diversity and equal opportunities policy in place and is committed to a culture of equal opportunities for all regardless of age, race or gender. The Board currently comprises three male directors. HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFAREThe directors were responsible for ensuring that the Group discharged its obligations for health, safety and welfare during the reporting period, including matters delegated to the Group’s managing agents and other contractors. No material health, safety and welfare incidents were notified during the period. Our property managers and contractors continued to be required to ensure that property management, maintenance and construction activities conform to all relevant regulations, with due consideration being given to the welfare of occupants and neighbours. ANTI-CORRUPTION AND ANTI-BRIBERYThe Company has in place an Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy which the directors consider fulfils UK Government guidelines for compliance with UK Bribery Act 2010. GOVERNANCE
REGULATORY COMPLIANCEThe Company is subject to, and seeks to comply with, the Financial Conduct Authority’s (“FCA”) Listing Rules (“Listing Rules”), the Market Abuse Regulation and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority. The Company is also subject to the UK City Code on Takeovers and Mergers. In the prior period the Company adopted the Corporate Governance Code of the Quoted Companies Alliance (the “QCA Code”). The directors consider that the QCA Code provides a corporate governance framework proportionate to the risks inherent to the size and complexity of the Company’s operations. The directors apply the QCA Code in the ways set out below. BOARD LEVEL RESPONSIBILITYThe Company’s directors are ultimately responsible for the effective stewardship of the business, with the Chairman holding specific responsibility for corporate governance and effective leadership of the Board. In discharging this obligation, the Chairman regularly consults the Company’s Independent Non-Executive Directors (who are qualified by background and experience to assist in this sphere), as well as the Company’s legal advisers and the Company Secretary. CONFLICTS OF INTERESTThe Company’s Articles of Association provide a framework for directors to report actual or potential situational conflicts, enabling the Board to give such situational conflicts appropriate and early consideration. All directors are aware of the importance of consulting the Company Secretary regarding possible situational conflicts. BOARD LEADERSHIPThe Company is led by its Board, which is responsible for determining the strategy of the business and its effective stewardship. All major strategic and investment decisions are taken by the Board as a whole, which monitors the resources available to the Company, to ensure that they are sufficient to enable its goals to be achieved. The Board meets regularly to review the Company’s operations and progress with its strategy. The directors are in regular liaison outside formal meetings. Risk management and controls are reviewed in the light of advice from the external auditors, who have access to all the directors. The Board comprises an executive Chairman and two independent non-executive directors, as set out below.
Duncan SoukupExecutive Chairman, aged 69 Duncan Soukup is the founder and Executive Chairman of Thalassa Holdings Ltd (“Thalassa”), a company listed on the London Stock Exchange, and has over 35 years of investment experience. Prior to establishing Thalassa, Mr Soukup worked in investment banking for 10 years, including as managing director in charge of the non-US equity business of Bear Sterns. Thereafter, he established the AIM-listed investment management business Acquisitor plc. As the executive chairman with a beneficial interest in the Company’s shares, Mr Soukup is not considered to be independent.
Martyn Porter (Appointed May 2022)Non-Executive Director, aged 53 Martyn has over 25 years’ experience in international banking and financial services with the HSBC Group. He has held senior leadership positions in the UK, Malta, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Luxembourg and latterly Monaco, where he served as Chief Executive Officer of the HSBC Private Bank and Asset Management companies. As a board director and regulated officer of HSBC companies in Ireland, Luxembourg and Monaco, Mr. Porter has significant knowledge and understanding of corporate governance and regulatory compliance. He also has a highly successful track record in the leadership of businesses undergoing complex strategic change and transformation. During his career, Mr. Porter has built a wide and diverse network of business relationships, as well as demonstrating strong values and business ethics.
Tim Donell (Appointed February 2022)Non-Executive Director, aged 42 A certified chartered accountant, Tim has over 15 years’ experience in finance, accounting and management roles within growth companies across travel, e-commerce and web technology and has a demonstrated track record of developing and improving financial processes to drive business performance.
DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIESThe responsibilities of each director are set out clearly in the director’s letter of appointment, which is available for inspection by members of the Company at its registered office during normal office hours. All directors ensure that they provide sufficient time to fulfil their obligations. All directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary and to independent legal advice at the Company’s expense. During the reporting period the directors monitored the Company’s operational progress and the activities of the executive management. The Chairman is responsible for ensuring that due consideration is given to key items of business both at formal meetings of the directors and liaison outside these. The independent non-executive directors provide a separate communication channel for shareholders and other interested parties and has a remit under the Company’s “whistle-blowing” arrangements. Nomination, Audit and Remuneration Committees were in place throughout the reporting period, with responsibility for specific areas within the Company’s overall corporate governance structure. During the reporting period there was no requirement for either of the Remuneration Committee or the Nomination Committee to meet. The Board met and held discussions throughout the year. The frequency of the meetings fluctuated as required. The meetings consisted of discussion to agree strategy and the handling of the assets. The majority of the meetings were on an informal and operational basis with the conclusions appropriately documented. Aside from the meetings described above each director’s attendance record at Board and Committee meetings during the reporting period is set out in the table below:
Under the Company’s Articles one-third of the directors are subject to retirement at each Annual General Meeting. Additionally, the Articles require that director appointments made by the Board directors are ratified at the subsequent General Meeting of the Company.
Arrangements are made to provide new directors with an induction programme into the Company’s activities. Non- executive directors also meet with management on an informal basis. Arrangements are made for directors to inspect investment properties. RISK & INTERNAL CONTROLIn addressing its responsibilities in this area, the Board pays particular attention to:
The Company’s approach to risk management is set out on pages 9 and 10. DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION POLICY AND REMUNERATION IMPLEMENTATION REPORTThere was no requirement for the Remuneration Committee to meet during the reporting period. The Company had no employee directors during the year and no share-related incentive schemes were in operation. Although it is not currently required, the remuneration policy for employee directors recognized below was approved by shareholders at the annual general meeting held in March 2020:
In applying the remuneration policy, the Board will use its discretion to provide a tailored mix of benefits that encourages individuals to maximise their efforts in the best interests of shareholders. In particular, the remuneration policy would be subject to any special considerations that may arise in relation to the execution of any revised investment policy approved by the Company’s shareholders. NON-EXECUTIVE PAYThe Company’s policy has been to provide remuneration to its non-executive directors commensurate with the need to attract and retain individuals with levels of skill and experience appropriate to the Company’s needs. No non-executive directors have participated in any bonus or share-based arrangements of the Company. DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATIONThe below table highlighted total directors’ remuneration in the period.
The aggregate directors’ remuneration during the reporting period was £176,716 (2022: £142,391). Of Martyn Porter’s 2023 remuneration, £7,032 related to 2022 and was under-accrued at 2022 year-end. DIRECTORS’ SERVICE CONTRACTS
DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS IN THE COMPANY’S SHARES (AUDITED) The interests during the reporting period of the directors who held office during the reporting period in the issued share capital of the Company as at the date of this report are set out below:
In addition to the direct interest shown above, Duncan Soukup has an indirect interest in 4,618,001 and 1,734 Ordinary Shares arising from his interests in entities of Thalassa Discretionary Trust, and Thalassa Holdings Ltd. DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITIES AND INSURANCE COVERTo the extent permitted by law, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers against claims arising from their acts and omissions related to their office. The Company also maintains an insurance policy in respect of claims against directors. AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
The Audit Committee, consisted of the independent non-executive directors. The key functions of the audit committee are for monitoring the quality of internal controls and ensuring that the financial performance of the Group is properly measured and reported on and for reviewing reports from the Company’s auditors relating to the Company’s accounting and internal controls, in all cases having due regard to the interests of Shareholders. The Committee has formal terms of reference. The financial statements attached to this report have been prepared on the Going Concern basis. In deciding that the Going Concern basis is appropriate, the directors reviewed projections of future activity over the 12 months following the date of this report. The Directors concluded that there were no identifiable material uncertainties, and present cash reserves were sufficient to meet all liabilities as they fall due, up to and beyond that date. The Committee considered the following items:
The Committee considered the independence of external auditors, seeking to ensure that any non-audit services provided, by external auditors do not impair the auditors’ objectivity or independence. The Company’s auditors, RPG Crouch Chapman, did not supply any non-audit services to the Company during the period. Having assessed the performance, objectivity and independence of the auditors, as well as the audit process and approach taken, the Committee recommended the re-appointment RPG Crouch Chapman at the Company’s annual general meeting in 2024.
Duncan SoukupChairman 29 April 2024
The directors of Alina Holdings Plc (“the Company”) present their report and the audited financial statements of the Company together with its subsidiaries and associated undertakings (“the Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2023. The following directors held office during the reporting period: Duncan Soukup (appointed 4 October 2019) Tim Donell (appointed 7 February 2022) Martyn Porter (appointed 20 May 2022) The Directors’ Report also includes the information set out on pages 5 to 22, together with the description of the Company’s investment policy and business model described on page 5. GROUP RESULT AND DIVIDENDThe loss for the Group attributable to shareholders for the period was £1,123,000 (2022: loss £136,000). In accordance with the investment policy, no dividend has been or will be distributed in respect of the financial year. The directors continue to keep the dividend distribution policy under review. POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS
GOING CONCERN BASISThe financial statements attached to this report have been prepared on the Going Concern basis. In deciding that the Going Concern basis is appropriate, the directors reviewed projections of future activity over the 12 months following the date of this report. The Directors concluded that there were no identifiable material uncertainties, and present cash reserves were sufficient to meet all liabilities as they fall due, up to and beyond that date. SHARE CAPITALDetails of the Company’s issued share capital are set out in note 17 to the financial statements. All of the Company’s issued shares are listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Company’s share capital comprises one class of Ordinary Shares of 1p each. All issued shares are fully paid up and rank equally and there are no restrictions on the transfer of shares or the size of holdings. The directors are not aware of any agreements between shareholders in relation to the Company’s shares. SUBSTANTIAL INTERESTSAs at 24 April 2023, the last practicable reporting date before the production of this document, the Company’s share register showed the following major interests (of 3% or more, excluding shares held in treasury) in its issued share capital:
* Included within Vidacos Nominees Limited are shares of 5,418,857 owned by C D Soukup and 4,618,001 held by Thalassa Discretionary Trust. ** The Company has also been notified that 6,391,223 (28.16%) shares are beneficially owned by Peter Gyllenhammar AB. INVESTOR RELATIONSSubject to regulatory constraints, the directors are keen to engage with the Company’s shareholders, placing considerable emphasis on effective communications with the Company’s investors. Directors are happy to comply with shareholder requests for meetings as soon as practicable, subject to regulatory constraints. The Board is provided with feedback on such meetings, as well as regular commentary from investors and the Company’s bankers and advisers. The Board provides reports and other announcements via the regulatory news service in accordance with regulatory requirements. Regulatory announcements and key publications can also be accessed via the Company’s website. The Company’s Annual General Meeting provides a further forum for investors to discuss the Company’s progress. The Company complies with relevant regulatory requirements in relation to convening the meeting, its conduct and the announcement of voting on resolutions. The Annual Report and Notice of the Annual General Meeting are made available to shareholders at least 21 working days prior to the meeting and are available on the Company’s website. The results of resolutions considered at the Annual General Meeting are announced to the Stock Exchange and are also published on the website and lodged with the National Storage Mechanism. Investors may elect to receive communications from the Company in electronic form and be advised by email that communications may be accessed via the Company’s website. WHISTLEBLOWING POLICYThe Group has in place a whistleblowing policy which sets out the formal process by which an employee of the Group may in confidence raise concerns about possible improprieties in the Group’s affairs, including financial reporting. ESGThe Group has not complied with the recommendations of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) in the current year, as required by LR14.3.27R issued by the Financial Conduct Authority. The Board recognises the importance of climate-related matters and, as a relatively small development stage property business, intends to develop a plan to adopt the TCFD recommendations in full over the next few years. With reference to the four pillars of the TCFD recommendations, matters of governance, risk assessment, and strategy are covered in this report, and the further development of metrics and targets is under consideration. We have always believed that our local asset model is by its nature supportive of reducing the carbon impact of retail shopping. Our past development activity has been aimed at returning to profitable use redundant space that would otherwise remain vacant, potentially relieving development pressure on greenfield sites elsewhere. Any development activity undertaken is carried out in accordance with applicable energy and resource saving standards, noise impact reduction requirements, and, where relevant, the need to preserve the character of buildings, including listed properties. Our contractors are required to dispose of waste in accordance with best practice. We continue to take action to upgrade the energy performance of our letting units wherever required. It is our policy to seek to deal constructively with all stakeholders in relation to any community issues that arise in relation to our properties. Our policy is to prefer to use local advisers, agents and contractors whenever appropriate to do so. It is our intention to review our response to environmental, social and governance factors in line with the development of our investment policy to ensure that our policies are appropriate to the revised strategy and operational profile. This review will take account of related issues, such as modern slavery.
EMISSIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION REPORTINGThe directors believe that the Company’s outsourced business model, which focusses on the employment of agents, advisers and contractors who are local to our property assets, is inherently environmentally friendly. However, the collection of consumption data from such businesses is not practicable. It is also not possible for our national agents and advisers to separately identify such data in relation to the proportion of their work devoted to the Company’s activities, particularly given the increase in staff working from home during the COVID-19 lockdown. It is not possible to measure the energy consumed by the Company’s tenants (nor is this consumption within the Company’s control). The consumption of water, waste output and greenhouse gases other than CO2 within the Company’s control is negligible. For previous reporting periods the Company has supplied environmental reporting information focused on energy consumed by the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries through the activities of its office base, shared facilities provided by the Company within its property portfolio and activities within vacant properties within the Company’s control. In relation to Scope 1 Carbon Emissions (consumption of gas and fuel), since the termination of the Company’s third-party investment advisory agreement and the relocation of its registered office it has not been possible to separately identify the energy consumed on the Company’s activities. An element of the Company’s administration activity is carried out at its registered office. However, this is a de minimis element of the overall activity and energy consumption at that site. Other activity is undertaken by the Company’s directors and management working at home. In both cases, it has not been possible to separately identify the energy consumed on the Company’s activities at those locations. In previous years, data has been supplied relating to fuel consumed on journeys on Company activities. As the Company does not operate company cars, all such journeys are made in employees’ private vehicles or on public transport. The reduction in the Company’s property portfolio has significantly reduced the requirement for such journeys, which were then further restricted during the reporting period by the COVID-19 lockdown regime. Accordingly, the directors do not consider that any meaningful Scope 1 data can be supplied. Similar limitations apply to Scope 2 data, which in previous reports comprised an estimate of consumption for vacant property units for which the Company is responsible. The number of these and the related energy consumption has been de minimis throughout the reporting period. Similarly, it has not been practicable to measure Scope 3 emissions. The Company’s direct usage and emissions of water is also minimal. Although a small element of utility supply charges within vacant premises relate to water and to gas, this largely relates to standing charges and consumption is negligible. In relation to The Companies (Directors’ Report) and LLP Partnerships (Energy and Carbon Report) Regulations 2018, the Company consumes less than 40,000 kWh of energy per annum and therefore qualifies as a low energy user and therefore does not come within the scope of those regulations. STATEMENT OF DISCLOSURE TO AUDITORSThe directors who were in office at the date of the approval of the financial statements have confirmed that, as far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware. Each of the directors has confirmed that they have taken all necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that this has been communicated with the auditors. This report was approved by the directors on 26 April 2024
Alasdair Johnston Company Secretary STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Group and parent Company financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare Group and parent Company financial statements for each financial year. Under that law they are required to prepare the Group financial statements in accordance with UK Adopted International Accounting Standards and applicable law and have elected to prepare the parent Company financial statements in accordance with UK accounting standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and parent Company and of their profit or loss for that period. In preparing each of the Group and parent Company financial statements, the directors are required to:
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the parent Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the parent Company and enable them to ensure that its financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Group and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities. Under applicable law and regulations, the directors are also responsible for preparing a Strategic Report, Directors’ Report, Directors’ Remuneration Report and Corporate Responsibility Statement that complies with that law and those regulations. The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT OF THE DIRECTORS IN RESPECT OF THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTWe confirm that to the best of our knowledge:
We consider the annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the group’s position and performance, business model and strategy. The foregoing reports were approved by the directors on 26 April 2024
Duncan Soukup Chairman INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF ALINA HOLDINGS PLC
OPINIONWe have audited the financial statements of Alina Holdings Plc (the ‘Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Income, Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Balance Sheet , and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in the United Kingdom (IFRS) for the Group and UK accounting standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK (UK GAAP). In our opinion, the financial statements:
BASIS FOR OPINIONWe conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING CONCERNIn auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the entity’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included review of the expected cashflows for a period of 18 months from the balance sheet date compared with the liquid assets held by the Group. Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group’s or the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are recognized for issue. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
OUR APPROACH TO THE AUDITIn planning our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates. As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed sufficient work to be able to issue an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the group and the parent company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate. We performed the audits of the Company and its subsidiaries. KEY AUDIT MATTERSKey audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement we identified (whether or not due to fraud), including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. The matter identified was addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
OUR APPLICATION OF MATERIALITYWe apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements. In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. Importantly, misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial statements as a whole. We consider gross assets to be the most significant determinant of the Group’s financial performance used by the users of the financial statements. We have based materiality on 1.5% of gross assets for each of the operating components. Overall materiality for the Group was therefore set at £0.1m. For each component, the materiality set was lower than the overall group materiality. We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report on all differences in excess of 5% of materiality relating to the Group financial statements. We also report to the Audit Committee on financial statement disclosure matters identified when assessing the overall consistency and presentation of the consolidated financial statements. OTHER INFORMATIONThe directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other Information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTIONIn the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORSAs explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 25 the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSOur objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue our opinion in an auditor’s report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements. Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below:
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.This description forms part of our Auditor’s Report. OTHER MATTERS THAT WE ARE REQUIRED TO ADDRESSWe were appointed on 12 April 2023 and this is the second year of our engagement as auditors for the Group. We confirm that we are independent of the Group and have not provided any prohibited non-audit services, as defined by the Ethical Standard issued by the Financial Reporting Council. Our audit report is consistent with our additional report to the Audit Committee explaining the results of our audit. USE OF OUR REPORTThis report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Paul Randal FCA(Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of RPG Crouch Chapman LLP Chartered Accountants Registered Auditor 40 Gracechurch Street London EC3V 0BT 29 April 2024 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOMEFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The notes on pages 33 to 49 form an integral part of this consolidated interim financial information.
The notes on pages 33 to 49 form an integral part of this consolidated interim financial information.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
The notes on pages 33 to 49 form an integral part of this consolidated interim financial information. These financial statements were approved by the board on 29 April 2024. Signed on behalf of the board by:
Duncan Soukup CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Prior year comparatives have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
The notes on pages 33 to 49 form an integral part of this consolidated interim financial information.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The notes on pages 33 to 49 form an integral part of this consolidated interim financial information. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1 GENERAL INFORMATIONAlina Holdings PLC (“Alina” or the “Company”) is a company registered on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange. It is incorporated, domiciled and registered in England. The Company’s registered number is 05304743 and the address of its registered office is Eastleigh Court, Bishopstrow, Warminster, BA12 9HW 2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe Group prepares its accounts in accordance with applicable UK Adopted International Accounting Standards. The group financial statements consolidate those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). The parent company financial statements present information about the Company as a separate entity and not about its group. The accounting policies set out below have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all periods presented in these group financial statements. Judgements made by the directors, in the application of these accounting policies that have significant effect on the financial statements and estimates with a significant risk of material adjustment in the next year are discussed later in this note under the heading “Use of Estimates and Judgements”. The financial statements are prepared in pounds sterling. They have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following assets which are measured on the basis of fair value: investment properties, investment properties held for sale and available for sale financial assets. 2.1 SEGMENTAL REPORTINGIFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports that are regularly reported to the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance. Since the strategy review in July 2013 the Group has identified one operation and one reporting segment, being rental income in the UK, which is reported to the Board of directors on a quarterly basis. The Board of directors is considered to be the chief operating decision maker. 2.2 BASIS OF PREPARATIONThe consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all its subsidiary undertakings up to 31 December 2023. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights. The acquisition date is the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. The financial statements of subsidiaries are prepared using consistent accounting policies. Inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in full on consolidation. 2.3 GOING CONCERNThe financial information has been prepared on the going concern basis as management consider that the Group has sufficient cash to fund its current commitments for the foreseeable future.
2.4 INVESTMENT PROPERTIESInvestment properties are those properties owned by the Group that are held to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or both and are not occupied by the Company or any of its subsidiaries. During 2023 the Company sold a property for £727k net of fees (book value £800k). Since the Balance Sheet date, one property in Stafford has been sold. A full external valuation of the Group’s property portfolio was performed in 2020 in accordance with the the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Appraisal and Valuation Standards on the basis of market value. For the year ended 31 December 2023 the fair value has been assessed with reference to a third party valuation performed in 2020. The Board’s assessment of the carrying value remains unchanged, pending finding new tenants for vacant units. The Company’s objective is still to liquidate the current portfolio of property assets, which currently show a Gross Initial Yield of 15%, but as and when a sale can achieve a sensible return to shareholders. The Directors obtained pricing and yields of similar transactions made within the accounting period and compared them to the Gross Initial Yield stated above. In all cases the transactions that were measured came in at a lower value than that currently being achieved. As stated, although the data is below the Yield being achieved it was felt prudent to leave the valuations as they stand. Investment properties are treated as acquired at the point the Group assumes the significant risks and returns of ownership. Subsequent expenditure is charged to the asset’s carrying value only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Group and the cost of each item can be reliably measured. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the Income Statement during the period in which they are incurred. Rental income from investment properties is accounted for as described below. 2.5 INVESTMENT PROPERTIES HELD FOR SALEInvestment properties held for sale are included in the Balance Sheet at their fair value less estimated sales costs. In determining whether assets no longer meet the investment criteria of the Group, consideration has been given to the conditions required under IFRS 5. An investment property is classified as an asset as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. The asset must be available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets and its sale must be highly probable as at the year end. 2.6 HEAD LEASESWhere a property is held under a head lease and is classified as an investment property, it is initially recognized as an asset based on the sum of the premium paid on acquisition and if the remaining life of the lease at the date of acquisition is considered to be material, the net present value of the minimum ground rent payments. The corresponding rent liability to the leaseholder was included in the Balance Sheet as a finance obligation in current and non-current liabilities. The payment of head rents has been expensed through the Income Statement. 2.7 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLESTrade and other receivables are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently held at amortised cost less impairment. Impairment is made where it is established that there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivable. The impairment is recorded in the Income Statement.
2.8 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSCash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and deposits held on call. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. 2.9 FINANCIAL ASSETSFinancial assets are impaired when there is objective evidence that the cash flows from the financial asset are reduced. 2.10 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFinancial assets and financial liabilities are initially classified as measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, or fair value through profit and loss when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are recognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire, or the Company no longer retains the significant risks or rewards of ownership of the financial asset. Financial liabilities are recognized when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires. Financial assets are classified dependent on the Company’s business model for managing the financial and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. Financial liabilities are classified and measured at amortised cost except for trading liabilities, or where designated at original recognition to achieve more relevant presentation. The Company classifies its financial assets and liabilities into the following categories: Financial assets at amortised costThe Company’s financial assets at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables. These represent debt instruments with fixed or determinable payments that represent principal or interest and where the intention is to hold to collect these contractual cash flows. They are initially recognized at fair value, included in current and non-current assets, depending on the nature of the transaction, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any provision for impairment. Impairment of trade and other receivablesIn accordance with IFRS 9 an expected loss provisioning model is used to calculate an impairment provision. We have implemented the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses arising from trade and other receivables, being a lifetime expected credit loss. This is calculated based on an evaluation of our historic experience plus an adjustment based on our judgement of whether this historic experience is likely reflective of our view of the future at the balance sheet date. In the previous year the incurred loss model is used to calculate the impairment provision. Financial liabilities at amortised costFinancial liabilities at amortised cost comprise loan liabilities, including convertible loan note liability elements, and trade and other payables. They are classified as current and non- current liabilities depending on the nature of the transaction, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. All convertible loan notes are held at amortised cost and no election has been made to hold them as fair value through profit and loss.
Financial assets at fair value through profit and lossFinancial assets at fair value are recognized and measured at fair value using the most recent available market price with gains and losses recognized immediately in the profit and loss. The fair value measurement of the Company’s financial and non-financial assets and liabilities recognize market observable inputs and data as far as possible. Inputs used in determining fair value measurements are recognized into different levels based on how observable the inputs used in the valuation technique are (the ‘fair value hierarchy’). Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets Level 2 – Observable direct or indirect inputs other than Level 1 inputs Level 3 – Inputs that are not based on observable market data 2.11 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLESTrade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently held at amortised cost. 2.12 ORDINARY SHARE CAPITALExternal costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction from the proceeds. Shares which have been repurchased are classified as treasury shares and shown in retained earnings. They are recognized at the trade date for the amount of consideration paid, together with directly attributable costs. This is presented as a deduction from total equity. Shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust are treated as being those of the Group until such time as they are distributed to employees, when they are expensed in the profit and loss account. The nominal value of shares cancelled has been taken to a capital redemption reserve. 2.13 RENTAL INCOMERental income from investment properties leased out under operating leases is recognized in the Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. When the Group provides lease incentives to its tenants the cost of incentives are recognized over the lease term, on a straight-line basis, as a reduction to income. 2.14 TAXATIONCorporation tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Corporation tax is recognized in the Income Statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method. Provision is made for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred income tax is calculated after taking account of any indexation allowances and capital losses on an undiscounted basis. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of recognized or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future profits will be available against which the asset can be recognized. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be recognized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are only offset if there is a legally enforceable right of set-off.
2.15 PENSIONSThe Company has contribution only pension arrangements in operation for certain employees. 2.16 USE OF ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTSTo be able to prepare accounts according to generally accepted accounting principles, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the asset and liability items and revenue and expense amounts recorded in the financial statements. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that management and the Board of directors believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these considerations form the basis for making judgements about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. The areas requiring the use of estimates and judgements that may significantly impact the Group’s earnings and financial position include the estimation of the fair value of investment properties. The valuation basis of the Group’s investment properties is set out above. 2.17 ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDSStandards issued but not yet effective: There were a number of standards and interpretations which were in issue during the current period but were not effective at that date and have not been adopted for these Financial Statements. The Directors have assessed the full impact of these accounting changes on the Company. To the extent that they may be applicable, the Directors have concluded that none of these pronouncements will cause material adjustments to the Group’s Financial Statements. They may result in consequential changes to the accounting policies and other note disclosures. The new standards will not be early adopted by the Group and will be incorporated in the preparation of the Group Financial Statements from the effective dates noted below. The new standards include: IFRS 17 Insurance contracts 1 IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements and IFRS Practice Statement 2 1 IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors 1 IAS 12 Income Taxes 1 IFRS 16 Leases 2 IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements (Amendment – Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current) 2 IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements (Amendment – Non-current Liabilities with Covenants) 2 IAS 21 Lack of Exchangeability 3
1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 2 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 3 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025
3 OPERATING SEGMENTSAs described in note 2.1, the Group’s reportable segments under IFRS8 are:
The disclosures by segment required by IFRS8 are as follows: Year ended 31 December 2023 Year ended 31 December 2022
The remaining overheads and assets are not directly attributable to either of the operating segments. 4 PROPERTY OPERATING EXPENSES
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