LSEG Preliminary Results FY 2022

RNS Number : 5980R
London Stock Exchange Group PLC
02 March 2023
 

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London Stock Exchange Group plc

Preliminary results for the year ended 31 December 2022

 

Broad-based growth and strong execution

David Schwimmer, CEO said:

"LSEG has had a strong year, successfully integrating Refinitiv and significantly improving its performance, while also delivering strong results in our Capital Markets and Post Trade businesses. The resilience of our business model and the quality of our earnings, diversified by customer, geography, product and asset class, and over 70% subscription-based, are becoming increasingly clear.

"Our strategy is working. We are an increasingly important strategic partner to customers across the financial markets value chain, and that is translating into growth. We continue to invest in new products and services, and have completed four highly complementary acquisitions to further strengthen our offer. In addition to our existing share buyback, we are today announcing plans to seek shareholder approval for a buyback directed towards the Blackstone/Thomson Reuters consortium's stake, which will benefit all shareholders.

"We are shifting from integration to transformation. Our strategic partnership with Microsoft, as well as the investments we are making in our market-leading infrastructure and venues, will create an even stronger platform for long-term sustainable growth."

Reported

2022
£m

2021
£m

Variance
%


Pro-Forma Constant Currency Variance (excluding deferred revenue adjustment) %¹

Total Income (excl. recoveries)

7,428

6,211

19.6%  


5.7%

Recoveries2

315

324

(2.8%)


2.3%

Total Income (incl. recoveries)

7,743

6,535

18.5%  


5.5%

 

 





Reported






Operating Profit

1,417

1,065

33.1%  



Profit Before Tax

1,241

894

38.8%  



Basic Earnings per Share

141.8

85.8

65.3%  



Dividends per Share

107.0

95.0

12.6%  









Adjusted






EBITDA

3,550

2,969

19.6%  


6.0%

EBITDA Margin

47.8%

47.8%




Operating Profit

2,728

2,282

19.5%  


4.6%

Adjusted Earnings per Share

317.8

272.4

16.7%  



 

 

Financial highlights

(all growth rates are expressed on a pro-forma constant currency basis, excluding the impact of the deferred revenue adjustment1, unless otherwise stated)

Full-year Total Income (excl. recoveries) up 5.7%, and up 6.6% excluding the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war3; up 19.6% on a reported basis

Broad-based growth: Data & Analytics +4.2% (+5.3% ex Russia/Ukraine), Capital Markets +9.8%, Post Trade +7.5%

Accelerating subscription revenue: Annual Subscription Value (ASV) up 6.2% (ex Russia/Ukraine) at December; 2022; further progress expected in 2023

Good cost control: opex +3.4% excluding the impact of acquisitions during the year

Improving profitability: Adjusted EBITDA growth 6.0%, margin flat year-on-year, or up 110 basis points like-for-like4

Basic earnings per share growth +65.3% on a reported basis; AEPS +16.7% to 317.8 pence

Continued strong cash generation: equity free cash flow (before dividends) £1.7 billion

 

Strategic progress and outlook

Strong and consistent execution on Refinitiv integration: Trading & Banking returned to growth; target 2022 runrate synergies delivered for both revenue and costs; runrate revenue synergy target raised from £225 million to £350-400 million by 2025

From integration to transformation: strategic partnership with Microsoft for next generation of Workspace, innovative new solutions in modelling and analytics, and data platform in the cloud

Active capital allocation towards growth: disposal of low-growth BETA business; four acquisitions completed in higher-growth areas, highly complementary to existing customer offering

Significant shareholder returns: £300 million of £750 million buyback executed in 2022, balance to be completed by July 2023; full-year dividend +12.6% to 107.0 pence

Seeking shareholder approval at the 2023 AGM for directed buyback from the Blackstone/Thomson Reuters consortium; expected to be up to £750 million by April 2024

New guidance for 2023: constant currency revenue growth +6-8%, Adjusted EBITDA margin c.48%, business-as-usual capex c. £750 million (including Microsoft)

 

This release contains revenues, costs, earnings and key performance indicators (KPIs) for the twelve months ended 31 December 2022. FY 2022 is compared against FY 2021 on a statutory basis. Revenues and costs associated with the BETA divestment have been classed as discontinued and are excluded from all periods. Revenues and costs associated with the Borsa Italiana group divestment, which completed in 2021, are also excluded. Pro-forma constant currency variance assumes that the acquisition of Refinitiv took place on 1 January 2021 and is calculated on the basis of consistent FX rates applied across the current and prior year period. Organic growth is calculated on a constant currency basis, adjusting the results to remove disposals from the entirety of the current and prior year periods, and by including acquisitions from the date of acquisition with a comparable adjustment to the prior year. Within the financial information and tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.

1 The deferred revenue impact is a one-time, non-cash, negative revenue impact resulting from the accounting treatment of deferred revenue within Refinitiv's accounts which has been re-evaluated upon acquisition by LSEG under purchase price accounting rules. This reduced 2021 revenue by £23 million, mainly in Data & Analytics, with a smaller impact in the FX business within Capital Markets. There is no material impact in 2022.

2 Recoveries mainly relate to fees for third-party content, such as exchange data, that is distributed directly to customers.

3 Growth rates excluding the Russia/Ukraine war impact have been calculated by excluding income in the region and from sanctioned customers and related business from both periods. This amounted to £80 million in 2021 and £18 million in Q1 2022, and nil beyond that.

4 The like-for-like margin calculation is on a constant currency pro-forma basis, and adjusts for the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war, acquisitions completed in 2022 and non-cash FX-related balance sheet adjustments. Adjusted EBITDA margin is adjusted EBITDA divided by Total Income (excl. recoveries).

 

 

Contacts: London Stock Exchange Group plc

Media:

Lucie Holloway / Rhiannon Davies
+44 (0)20 7797 1222

newsroom@lseg.com  

Investor relations:

Peregrine Riviere / Chris Turner
ir@lseg.com

Additional information can be found at www.lseg.com

Preliminary results investor and analyst presentation, webcast and conference call:

The Group will host a presentation and conference call on its Preliminary Results for analysts and institutional shareholders today at 10:00am (UK time) at its offices at 10 Paternoster Square, London EC4M 7LS. There will be a Q&A session at the end of the presentation for attendees and those dialling in to the conference call.

To access the conference call or webcast please register in advance using the following link and instructions below:

Conference call:

https://cossprereg.btci.com/prereg/key.process?key=P6U9PXVUM  

Webcast: https://www.lsegissuerservices.com/spark/LondonStockExchangeGroup/events/b77d62b7-a278-4f2f-9d4a-dc30e834594a  

Presentation slides can be viewed at http://www.lseg.com/investor-relations

The information in the preliminary announcement of the results for the year ended 31 December 2022, which was approved by the Board of Directors on 1 March 2023. This is unaudited and does not constitute statutory accounts as defined in Section 435 of the UK Companies Act 2006. The financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 were filed with the Registrar of Companies, and the audit report was unqualified and contained no statements in respect of Sections 498 (2) and 498 (3) of the UK Companies Act 2006. The financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 will be approved and filed with the Registrar of Companies in due course.

In accordance with the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority, these preliminary results have been agreed with the Company's auditors, Ernst &Young LLP, and the Directors have not been made aware of any likely modification to the auditor's report to be included in the Group's Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022.

The preliminary results have been prepared on a basis consistent with the accounting policies set out in the Group's Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022.

 

Overview and strategic progress

2022 performance in summary

LSEG performed strongly in 2022, growing consistently throughout the year despite macroeconomic and geopolitical volatility. We achieved our growth guidance and made good progress towards our medium-term guidance for our EBITDA margin. We have continued to execute very well on the integration of Refinitiv, not only on the achievement of synergies but also on developing a distinct culture for the combined business. The strategic partnership with Microsoft, announced in December 2022, represents another significant step forward in transforming our business and the experience for customers.

 

Total income excluding recoveries rose 5.7% to £7,428 million, with good growth across all our divisions. Adjusting for the negative impact of the Russia/Ukraine war, growth was 6.6%, at the upper end of our 5-7% medium-term growth guidance. On a reported basis, total income excluding recoveries was up 19.6%, with the good underlying performance boosted by the consolidation of a full year of the Refinitiv acquisition (compared to 11 months in 2021) and beneficial foreign exchange movements. Annual Subscription Value (ASV) growth within Data & Analytics was 6.2% (excl. impact of the Russia/Ukraine war) at December 2022, and demonstrated an accelerating trend through the year.

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased by 6.0%. EBITDA margin was flat year-on-year at 47.8%. The like-for-like EBITDA margin improvement, adjusting for the negative impacts of the Russia/Ukraine war, acquisitions completed in 2022 and non-cash FX-related balance sheet adjustments, was 110 basis points. Operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment grew by 4.1% on a constant currency basis, or by 3.4% excluding acquisitions completed in-year. Operating profit grew 33.1% on a reported basis to £1,417 million, helped by foreign exchange movements and the extra month from Refinitiv.

 

Financial performance is analysed in full in the Financial Review section starting on page 10 of this release.

 

 

Progress on our strategic priorities

 

LSEG is a leading global financial markets infrastructure and data provider. We are leaders in data and analytics; capital formation and trade execution; and clearing and risk management. We are also increasingly differentiated, both through our presence across the financial markets value chain and our scale and capabilities across multiple asset classes, including equities, fixed income, foreign exchange and related derivatives.

 

Our businesses enjoy strong growth drivers, including the increasing application of new technologies to data for decision-making, the electronification of financial markets, the growing digitisation of broader financial services, the growth of cross-border trading and customer need for greater capital efficiency.

 

Our strategy to maximise these opportunities is to be globally essential, multi-asset class and seamlessly connected. To deliver this strategy, we remain focused on three strategic priorities: 1) integrating our world-class businesses; 2) driving growth; and 3) building an efficient and scalable platform, particularly in Data & Analytics. Our progress against these priorities, as well as an update on Workspace, is described below.

 

 

Workspace progress

 

We continue to make steady progress with the roll-out of Workspace across different user groups. At the year-end, we were more than halfway through, and expect to be substantially complete by the end of 2024. All other variants are now in full production apart from Trading, which is in beta testing, and we have worked in close partnership with new groups of customers as we move towards launch.

 

At the same time, the pace of product development has been rapid, with over 200 new features delivered during 2022. For the core platform, these included infrastructure and reliability improvements, enhanced search capabilities, real-time analytics in Excel and streamlined access to training and support. There were significant additional enhancements within specific variants, too. For example, in Research and Portfolio Management we added a wide range of new functionality, including Sentimine data for transcripts, sustainable investing analytics, StarMine model upgrades and our Custom Index sandbox.

 

Customer feedback is positive. Customers rate Workspace well ahead of Eikon, the predecessor platform, for overall product satisfaction, and notably higher for key product enablers including resilience, workflow integration and ease of use. Trading & Banking customers are the most satisfied category.

 

For 2023 our priorities are to focus on migrating a lower number of high-usage, premium clients mainly in Trading and Research & Portfolio Management. Further Workspace upgrades will include the integration of some functionality from TORA, the multi-asset class order and execution management business acquired in 2022.

 

 

Integrating our world class businesses

 

2022 has been a year of strong progress with the integration of Refinitiv from both a revenue and cost perspective. We are achieving revenue synergies through a combination of cross-selling, the enhancement of existing services through the integration of data and analytics and the development of new products. At the end of 2022, we had delivered £68 million of recurring revenue synergies, above our previous expectations of £40-60 million. The main contributors to this have been the strong demand for data, particularly fixed income-related, from FTSE Russell customers, and the creation of new FTSE Russell indices drawing on the depth of Refinitiv's data.

 

We have now raised our revenue synergy guidance from a £225 million runrate by 2025 to £350-400 million. The main drivers of this additional opportunity are the two areas outlined above, the increasing integration of Refinitiv's FX platforms into ForexClear and other parts of the business, and growth from the automation of content distribution to serve smaller clients more efficiently. We now expect to incur total one-off costs of £550-600 million between 2021 and 2025 to achieve these revenue synergies, representing a very attractive return on investment.

 

On the cost side, the main areas of synergy are overlapping roles and organisational structure, real estate and vendor rationalisation. By the end of 2022, we had delivered recurring savings of £297 million, ahead of our £250 million target. We continue to expect total cost synergies of at least £400 million runrate by the end of 2025, which we raised last year from our original acquisition expectation of £350 million. We expect nearly all of the runrate cost synergies to have been achieved by the end of 2023, demonstrating the effectiveness of our integration programme. The cost to achieve these synergies is in line with our initial plans.

 

Just as importantly, we are integrating two groups of people and developing a new, unified culture, with a much stronger focus on performance and technology excellence, supported by data. We have set much clearer expectations and more stretching goals throughout the business, and this is already helping to deliver improved results, particularly in Data & Analytics, as described below.

 

The next steps in our sales transformation programme include increasing the level of dedicated resource to our top 250 customers (which represent the majority of Group revenue); evolving our "solution selling" platform through learning and development, deeper technology partnership with customers and greater consulting capability; and leveraging technology and a standardised approach to service smaller customers effectively.

 

We are also taking a much more rigorous and data-driven approach to customer response times, network resilience and other factors contributing to overall performance. Within Technology, we have made significant progress in bringing engineering expertise in-house. In 2022 alone, we moved from 70% external population to 60%, and our aim is to have the clear majority of our technology resource insourced. This is not only creating an LSEG culture of engineering excellence but also increasing our pace of product delivery and efficiency.  

 

 

Driving growth

 

Data & Analytics

Revenue growth in Data & Analytics has accelerated through the year, from 5.1% in Q1 (adjusting for the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war) to 6.0% in Q4. This improving trend has been achieved through a combination of significantly-improved customer retention as a result of better execution, strong demand for our products and growing integration benefits.

 

We have improved execution on a number of fronts. We have restructured our sales incentives and set more stretching targets. We have developed significantly improved customer insights on usage, profitability and pricing, and as a result we are managing our renewal pipeline more rigorously and increasing the focus on cross-selling. This is aided by our increased importance as a trusted supplier to major financial institutions, where we are now engaged in a more strategic dialogue and working in partnership to develop solutions that are more customer-centred.

 

Within Enterprise Data, we are seeing strong demand for cloud solutions such as Real-Time Optimised and Tick History, where we have invested significantly to develop a valuable product, and the migration to a cloud environment is significantly improving customer access and stimulating growth. In Investment Solutions, FTSE Russell product launches are up 33% year-on-year, in response to substantial customer demand.

 

Revenue synergy highlights within Data & Analytics include ongoing very strong cross-sell of Fixed Income data into FTSE Russell clients, and Fixed Income Analytics, which achieved a second successive year of double-digit growth after a decade of low single-digit growth.

 

We also completed three acquisitions during the year. TORA brings multi-asset class order and execution management capabilities and we are integrating some of this functionality into Workspace to meet growing client demand. MayStreet provides low-latency (high speed) real-time data feeds, consolidating our presence across the latency spectrum in a high-growth area. GDC is a global provider of identity verification data and builds strategic capability within Customer & Third Party Risk Solutions.

 

Capital Markets

In Capital Markets, our growth opportunities lie in the structural trends in our markets; our ability to link our platforms and integrate data to provide enhanced services; and expansion into new geographies and asset classes such as private markets.

 

Within Tradeweb, the continued electronification of fixed income markets has been an ongoing tailwind, but the business is also growing share in credit trading and expanding into new geographies. In addition, its focus on ETFs in the equities space has contributed strongly to performance in 2022 and represents a significant additional runway for long-term growth. 

 

During the year we announced plans to link Tradeweb and FXall, our market-leading FX trading platform, to enable customers trading local currency Emerging Market bonds to place their bond and currency trades simultaneously, streamlining their workflow and reducing risk. The longer-term opportunity to simplify workflow across multiple transaction types is significant.

 

Post Trade

We are leveraging our expertise in interest rate derivative clearing, the strength of our customer relationships and the power of Refinitiv's multi-asset class venues to drive the next stage of growth in Post Trade. Two examples of this are in foreign exchange and in the development of Post Trade Solutions.

 

In foreign exchange, regulation is increasing the capital and administrative burden on bilateral derivative transactions, which is driving a shift to central clearing over time. Through building seamless, direct connectivity between our foreign exchange trading and clearing platforms, combined with our global footprint, we are well positioned to build momentum in FX forwards and options clearing.

 

In partnership with our members and clients we are developing Post Trade Solutions, to help financial market participants optimise their financial resources and reduce operational complexity and processing costs, particularly in uncleared positions. Post Trade Solutions will enable customers to route trades in the most efficient way, depending on their existing exposures, based on a single, centralised data source. In 2022 we completed one acquisition (Quantile) and announced another (Acadia) which significantly advance our solutions strategy. Quantile provides compression and optimisation services to reduce risk and capital requirements, and Acadia is a provider of automated uncleared margin processing and integrated risk and optimisation services.

 

 

Building an efficient and scalable platform

 

We are implementing a comprehensive investment programme in our technology and infrastructure to serve our customers better while also improving product profitability and overall margin over time. Our software defined network, which replaces a number of complex and costly legacy networks, will deliver better agility, higher capacity and increased resilience. Progress during 2022 has been ahead of plan, with over 2,400 server migrations, and we will complete the programme in 2024.

 

Our programmes to transform two of our leading franchises - FTSE Russell and FX Matching - are progressing well. The re-platforming of FTSE Russell will enable greater product flexibility. The migration of FX Matching to our own proven technology, and other enhancements, will improve latency (speed) by a factor of 10, and we expect the first new functionality to be launched by the end of 2023.

 

In December, LSEG and Microsoft announced a new long-term strategic partnership to architect our data infrastructure using the Microsoft Cloud, and to jointly develop new products and services in the data and analytics space. The deal significantly advances our strategy of building an efficient and scalable platform for Data & Analytics to deliver next generation services for customers through improved workflow and greater flexibility, and we expect it to increase our revenue growth meaningfully over time. Microsoft has also purchased a 4.2% stake in LSEG. The major workstreams are described below.

 

Data platform in the cloud

Working with Microsoft Azure, we will accelerate our cloud migration strategy, creating cloud-based data architecture that consolidates our datasets onto one, flexible infrastructure. Our customers will be able to access data faster when and wherever they need it - enabling resilience and adaptability as capital markets continue to evolve.

 

LSEG Workspace with Teams and Microsoft 365

Together LSEG and Microsoft will transform Workspace, creating an all-in-one data, analytics, workflow and collaboration solution. Through a single, simple-to-use interface, it will enable users to collaborate with other LSEG customers inside and outside of their organisations, using Teams, Excel and Powerpoint natively with LSEG data and analytics.

 

New cloud analytics and modelling services

Microsoft and LSEG will use Azure Machine Learning and our advanced analytics and modelling capabilities to co-develop a new suite of solutions. Businesses that rely on analytics and models will be able to scale quickly without the need for complicated processes and systems.

 

Cloud infrastructure built on Microsoft Azure

We have entered into a 10-year commercial agreement to migrate our data platform and other key technology infrastructure into the Microsoft Cloud. This will be the foundation for many product development programmes and enable us to build and run scalable applications to achieve faster speed to market and greater customer reach.

 

 

Capital allocation

 

Our goal is to invest for growth using the cash flows we generate, building a platform for long-term capital appreciation while rewarding investors today through a progressive dividend, growing broadly in line with AEPS. We will do that within a leverage range of 1-2x net debt to adjusted EBITDA, which offers a degree of flexibility while maintaining a sufficiently conservative structure even at the top of the range.

 

LSEG generated £3.3 billion in operating cash flow in 2022, and a further £1.1 billion from the disposal of non-core businesses and other property. Our leverage reduced from 1.9x at the start of the year to 1.8x by year-end. We deployed our capital as follows:

 

Business-as-usual capex - £750 million

Business-as-usual capex, on a constant currency accrued basis, was £750 million. We continued to focus on programmes to address growth, efficiency and resilience. Our investments in Tradeweb and Workspace product development are expected to drive continued revenue growth. The upgrades to our own infrastructure as we roll out our software-defined network, giving higher capacity and increased resilience, will benefit costs from 2023 onwards. Finally the development of our data platform, including cloud migration and the associated transformation of how we import new content, should underpin both future revenue growth and cost efficiency.

 

In addition to this capex, we also incurred £184 million of capex mainly related to delivering the synergies relating to the Refinitiv acquisition, which was in line with our plans. Total capex on a cash basis was £966 million.

 

M&A - £786 million

Our M&A strategy is twofold: businesses providing services which are complementary to our existing offer and can be scaled across our footprint and customer base; and technology-based businesses which, while often small in revenue terms, can enhance existing services at lower cost and higher speed than organic investment.

 

We completed four acquisitions in 2022. Of these, GDC, Quantile and TORA are established businesses which can benefit from our much greater scale and deeper customer relationships. MayStreet allows us to significantly enhance the breadth of our low latency data offering much more quickly and cost effectively than if we were to develop this in-house.

 

Dividend - £567 million

The proposed final dividend for 2022 is 75.3 pence - giving a total for the year of 107.0 pence, up 12.6% on 2021. This is consistent with our dividend policy and reflects a payout ratio of 34% of AEPS. Our dividend per share has grown at a compound annual rate of 17.4% over the last 20 years.

 

Share buyback - £300 million

We remain very focused on capital discipline and will, from time to time, return excess capital to shareholders to the extent that we stay within our leverage range. On the back of the disposal of BETA, a non-core business in the Wealth segment, we announced a £750 million share buyback, which was 40% complete by the end of the year. Looking ahead, we are seeking shareholder approval at the 2023 AGM for a directed share buyback, which will enable us to buy shares directly from entities owned by certain investment funds affiliated with Blackstone, an affiliate of Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, an affiliate of GIC Special Investments Pte. Ltd, and by Thomson Reuters, the former Refinitiv shareholders. We expect to deploy up to £750 million in directed buybacks by April 2024.

 

 

Outlook and guidance for 2023

 

The year has started well. The broader macroeconomic and geopolitical outlook remains uncertain, but while some of our customers' businesses are under pressure, other areas are showing strong growth. More importantly, the broader, structural growth drivers that we are aligned to are well established and our customer relationships are increasing in strategic value.

We expect total income growth on a constant currency basis of 6-8%. This includes a contribution from acquisitions completed in 2022 of approximately 1%. We expect further progress in ASV growth in Data & Analytics in 2023 reflecting a greater annual price increase than last year, and continued improvements in sales and retention.

We expect to achieve an Adjusted EBITDA margin of around 48% after Microsoft-related costs. We remain on track to achieve our 2023 exit EBITDA margin target of at least 50%, as adjusted for acquisitions, disposals, Microsoft investments and the foreign exchange movements of the last two years.

Business-as-usual capex for 2023 is planned to be around £750 million, which is consistent with previous guidance of £650-700 million after adjusting for foreign exchange movements, acquisitions and Microsoft-related investments. 

The 2023 EBITDA margin and capex guidance is based on exchange rates of GBP 1: USD 1.21 and GBP 1: EUR 1.14, and excludes announced acquisitions that are pending completion.

We anticipate completing the current £750 million share buyback by July 2023, and we will seek shareholder approval for buybacks directed at the Blackstone/Thomson Reuters consortium at the AGM in April 2023. This is expected to amount to up to £750 million in the twelve months between the 2023 and 2024 AGMs, starting in H2 2023.

 

 

Financial Review

Note: Unless otherwise stated, variances refer to growth rates on a pro-forma6 constant currency basis, excluding the impact of a deferred revenue accounting adjustment3

 

Reported

2022 ¹
£m

2021¹
£m

Variance
%


Pro-Forma Constant Currency Variance (excluding deferred revenue adjustment) %

Data & Analytics

4,944

4,103

20.5%  


4.2%  

Capital Markets

1,459

1,171

24.6%  


9.8%  

Post Trade

991

906

9.4%  


7.5%  

Other

34

31

9.7%  


(7.2%)

Total Income (excl. recoveries)

7,428

6,211

19.6%  


5.7%  

Recoveries2

315

324

(2.8%)


2.3%  

Total Income (incl. recoveries)

7,743

6,535

18.5%  


5.5%  

 

 





Reported






Operating Profit

1,417

1,065

33.1%  



Profit Before Tax

1,241

894

38.8%  



Basic Earnings per Share4

141.8

85.8

65.3%  



Dividends per Share4

107.0

95.0

12.6%  









Adjusted 3






EBITDA

3,550

2,969

19.6%  


6.0%  

EBITDA Margin

47.8%

47.8%




Operating Profit

2,728

2,282

19.5%  


4.6%  

Adjusted Earnings per Share4

317.8

272.4

16.7%  



 

1 The comparator FY 2021 figures are statutory results, incorporating Refinitiv from acquisition at the end of January 2021. Revenues and costs associated with the BETA divestment have been classified as discontinued and are excluded from all periods. Revenues and costs associated with the Borsa Italiana group divestment, which completed in 2021, are also excluded.

2 Recoveries mainly relate to fees for third-party content, such as exchange data, that is distributed directly to customers.

3 The Group reports adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment, adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and impairment (EBITDA), adjusted depreciation, amortisation and impairment, adjusted operating profit and adjusted basic earnings per share (EPS). These measures are not measures of performance under IFRS and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, IFRS measures of financial performance and liquidity. Adjusted performance measures provide supplemental data relevant to an understanding of the Group's financial performance and exclude non-underlying items of income and expense that are material by their size and/or nature. Non-underlying items include: amortisation and impairment of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets, incremental amortisation and impairment of the fair value adjustments of intangible assets recognised as a result of acquisitions, tax on non-underlying items and other income or expenses not considered to drive the operating results of the Group (including transaction, integration and separation costs related to acquisitions and disposals of businesses), as well as restructuring costs.

4 Weighted average number of shares used to calculate basic earnings per share and adjusted basic earnings per share from continuing operations is 557 million (2021: 538 million).

5 Growth rates excluding the Russia/Ukraine war impact have been calculated by excluding income in the region and from sanctioned customers and related business from both periods. This amounted to £80 million in 2021 and £18 million in Q1 2022, and nil beyond that.

6  Pro-forma growth assumes that the acquisition of Refinitiv took place on 1 January 2021 for the prior year comparator.

 

 

Total Income excluding recoveries grew by 5.7% to £7,428 million including a 0.3% contribution to growth from acquisitions during the year, or by 19.6% on a reported basis, helped by an extra month's contribution from Refinitiv (11 months included in 2021) as well as favourable foreign exchange movements. Excluding the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war, growth was 6.6%5 . Total Income including recoveries grew by 5.5% to £7,743 million, or by 18.5% on a reported basis. This was driven by good growth across all three divisions.

 

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment grew by 4.1% to £3,140 million. Excluding acquisitions and disposals, cost growth was 3.4%, reflecting continued strong delivery of Refinitiv-related synergies. Our main costs relate to our people, with staff costs of £1,896 million (2021: £1,666 million). IT costs amounted to £567 million (2021: £447 million) with professional fees of £420 million (2021: £327 million).

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased by 6.0% to £3,550 million. EBITDA margin was flat year-on-year at 47.8%. The like-for-like EBITDA margin improvement, adjusting for the negative impacts of the Russia/Ukraine war, acquisitions completed in 2022 and non-cash FX-related balance sheet adjustments, was 110 basis points. Within EBITDA, income from Equity Investments was £12 million in 2022, down from £22 million in 2021.

 

Reported depreciation, amortisation and impairment of £1,900 million (2021: £1,570 million) includes £1,078 million (2021: £883 million) related to the amortisation of purchased intangible assets (mainly Refinitiv) as well as other non-underlying charges. Excluding these, adjusted depreciation, amortisation and impairment grew by 19.7% to £822 million on a reported basis and by 10.7% on a pro-forma constant currency basis, driven by our continued investment in technology and new services and the capex associated with achieving the Refinitiv synergies.

 

Reported Operating Profit rose 33.1%, from £1,065 million to £1,417 million, helped by an extra month's contribution from Refinitiv as well as favourable foreign exchange movements. Adjusted Operating Profit grew by 19.5% to £2,728 million. On a pro-forma constant currency basis, it grew 4.6%, with the strong income growth and good cost control highlighted above partially offset by higher depreciation and amortisation. 

 

 

Reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Profit to Reported Operating Profit

 


2022

2021

£m

£m

Adjusted Operating Profit

2,728  

2,282  

Transaction costs

(85)

(109)

Integration, separation & restructuring costs

(304)

(225)

Profit on disposal & remeasurement gains

156  

-  

Amortisation and impairment of purchased intangible assets

(1,044)

(851)

Depreciation & impairment of other assets

(34)

(32)

Operating Profit

1,417  

1,065  

Transaction costs of £85 million mainly relate to fees and other charges incurred from acquisition activity during the year, as well as awards and incentive plans linked to the Refinitiv acquisition. Integration, separation and restructuring costs have mostly been incurred in relation to the integration of Refinitiv and are in line with previous guidance. Profit on disposal and remeasurement gains of £156 million include the gain arising on the disposal of a freehold property in the UK. Amortisation and impairment of purchased intangible assets of £1,044 million mainly arise from the Refinitiv acquisition.

 

Net Finance Expense / Tax / Non-Controlling Interest

Adjusted Net Finance Expenses were £160 million (2021: £166 million), and were £176 million (2021: £171 million) on a reported basis.

Reported Profit Before Tax increased by 38.8%, from £894 million to £1,241 million. Adjusted Profit Before Tax increased by 21.4% in the year to £2,568 million (2021: £2,116 million). The Group incurred a tax charge in the year of £262 million (2021: £302 million). The effective tax rate was 21.1% (2021: 33.8%). The decrease in rate is mainly due to the absence of the prior year UK deferred tax remeasurement charge. The underlying effective tax rate was 21.0% (2021: 20.4%). The higher rate reflects the tax impact of the geographical mix of pre-tax earnings.

Adjusted profits attributable to non-controlling interests, mainly in Tradeweb and LCH, totalled £258 million for the year ended 2022, an increase of 17.8% from 2021.

Earnings per share

 

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations was 141.8 pence (2021: 85.8 pence).

Adjusted earnings per share (AEPS) from continuing operations was 317.8 pence (2021: 272.4 pence). The 16.7% increase in AEPS year-on-year was driven by the growth in profitability and favourable foreign exchange movements.

 

Dividend

 

The Board is proposing a final dividend of 75.3 pence per share, which together with the interim dividend of 31.7 pence per share paid to shareholders in September 2022, results in a 12.6% increase in the total dividend to 107.0 pence per share. The final dividend of 75.3 pence per share will be paid on 24 May 2023 to all shareholders on the share register at the record date of 21 April 2023.

 

Data & Analytics 

 

Continuing operations

2022
£m

2021
£m

Variance
%


Pro-Forma Constant Currency Variance (excluding deferred revenue adjustment) %

Trading & Banking Solutions

1,612  

1,369  

17.8%  


0.2%  

  Trading

1,275  

1,086  

17.4%  


(0.1%)  

  Banking

337  

283  

19.1%  


1.4%  

Enterprise Data Solutions

1,307  

1,058  

23.5%  


6.1%  

  Real-Time Data

838  

676  

24.0%  


6.0%  

  PRS

469  

382  

22.8%  


6.5%  

Investment Solutions

1,325  

1,119  

18.4%  


6.2%  

  Benchmark Rates, Indices & Analytics

607  

512  

18.6%  


9.4%  

  Index - Asset-Based

280  

253  

10.7%  


0.7%  

  Data & Workflow

438  

354  

23.7%  


5.5%  

Wealth Solutions

275  

227  

21.1%  


3.0%  

Customer & Third-Party Risk Solutions

425  

330  

28.8%  


9.5%  

Total Revenue (excl. recoveries)

4,944  

4,103  

20.5%  


4.2%  

Recoveries

315  

324  

(2.8%)


2.3%  

Total Revenue (incl. recoveries)

5,259  

4,427  

18.8%  


4.1%  

Cost of sales

(879)

(709)

24.0%  


5.4%  

Gross Profit

4,380  

3,718  

17.8%  


3.8%  

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(2,142)

(1,857)

15.3%  


3.2%  

Adjusted EBITDA

2,238  

1,861  

20.3%  


4.6%  

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(607)

(481)

26.2%  


15.9%  

Adjusted operating profit

1,631  

1,380  

18.2%  


0.7%  

 

 

 




Adjusted EBITDA Margin

45.3%  

45.4%  

 



 

Data & Analytics provides high value data, analytics, indices, workflow solutions and data management capabilities. The division is split into five areas to address the different needs of our customers.

 

Total revenue excluding recoveries grew by 4.2% to £4,944 million, primarily driven by strong performances in Enterprise Data and Investment Solutions and including a 0.4% contribution from acquisitions during the year. Excluding the impact of the Russia / Ukraine conflict, revenue growth was 5.3%. Organic Annual Subscription Value growth ("ASV") at December 2022 was 6.2% excluding Russia / Ukraine, reflecting continuous improvement throughout the year as we work more closely with our customers to improve retention and develop relevant new services.

 

Trading & Banking Solutions revenue increased by 0.2% to £1,612 million, returning to growth in the second half despite the negative impact of the lost Russia / Ukraine revenue. Excluding this, full-year revenue growth was 2.3%. This performance was primarily driven by a significant improvement in product retention, particularly within the Trading business. During the year we acquired TORA, enhancing our ability to meet customer need for multi-asset class order and execution management capabilities, which added 0.8% to growth.

Enterprise Data Solutions revenue grew by 6.1% to £1,307 million reflecting the continued investment and expansion of our content and capabilities, and strong customer demand for data, underpinned by the continuing trend towards data-driven analytics to support and monitor investment decisions. The acquisition of MayStreet, which deepens our ability to help customers with their low-latency (higher speed) real-time data needs, further added to growth.

 

Investment Solutions revenue increased by 6.2% to £1,325 million, driven by strong subscription revenue growth, with Benchmark Rates, Indices & Analytics up 9.4%. Our multi-asset class capabilities are becoming an important differentiator with customers. We are also accelerating delivery of new FTSE Russell products with 33% more product launches in 2022 compared to the prior year, reflecting strong demand for custom indices. Our share of ETF asset inflow was strong, although offset by the underlying decline in many markets during the year.

 

Wealth Solutions contributed £275 million of revenue in 2022, with the Digital Solutions business the main driver of the 3.0% YoY growth. These numbers exclude the non-core BETA business, which we sold during the year.

 

Customer & Third-Party Risk Solutions revenue grew by 9.5% to £425 million. YoY growth of 18% in the World-Check screening business was partially offset by lower due diligence revenue. During the year we acquired GDC, which provides identity verification data, expanding our capabilities in high growth digital identity and fraud solutions.

 

Cost of sales of £879 million reflects the cost of purchased content and royalties, including news, specialist data and exchange data, which are required for the Data & Analytics products. Growth at 5.4% was slightly ahead of revenue growth.

 

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment increased to £2,142 million as careful management of staff costs and ongoing delivery of synergies related to the Refinitiv acquisition kept YoY cost growth to 3.2%.

 

Adjusted EBITDA was up 4.6% to £2,238 million, and the Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 10 basis points to 45.3%.

 

 

Non-Financial KPIs

 

 

2022

2021

 Variance
%


 


 

Annual Subscription Value Growth (%) 1

4.8%

4.6%


Annual Subscription Value Growth excl U/R impact (%) 1,2

6.2%



Subscription revenue growth (%) 1,3

4.6%



Subscription revenue growth excl U/R impact (%) 1,2,3

5.7%



Index - ETF AUM ($bn)

1,009

1,138

(11.3%)

Index - ESG Passive AUM ($bn) 4

296

167

77.3%  

 

 

1 Organic, constant currency variance

2 Growth rates excluding the Russia/Ukraine war impact exclude income in the region and from sanctioned customers and related business from both periods

3 12-month rolling constant currency variance excluding the impact of the deferred revenue accounting adjustment. Due to a change in methodology, prior year comparator is unavailable

4 ESG Passive AUM is at 30 June 2022 and prior period comparator is at 30 June 2021. The metric is updated bi-annually

 

 

Capital Markets 

 

Continuing operations

2022
£m

2021
£m

Variance
%


Pro-Forma Constant Currency Variance (excluding deferred revenue adjustment) %

Equities

248 

241 

2.9% 


3.2% 

FX

258 

204 

26.5% 


4.2% 

Fixed Income, Derivatives & Other

953 

726 

31.3% 


13.4% 

Total Revenue

1,459 

1,171 

24.6% 


9.8% 

Cost of sales

(34)

(27)

25.9% 


9.1% 

Gross Profit

1,425 

1,144 

24.6% 


9.8% 

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(665)

(536)

24.1% 


9.4% 

Adjusted EBITDA

760 

608 

25.0% 


10.2% 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(103)

(110)

(6.4%)


(15.3%)

Adjusted operating profit

657 

498 

31.9% 


15.8% 







Adjusted EBITDA Margin

52.1%  

51.9%  

 



 

 

Capital Markets provides businesses with access to capital through issuance, and offers secondary market trading for equities, fixed income, interest rate derivatives, foreign exchange (FX) and other asset classes.

 

Total revenue grew by 9.8% to £1,459 million with the increase primarily driven by Fixed Income, Derivatives & Other.

 

Equities revenue, which encompasses both our Primary & Secondary Equity Markets, increased by 3.2% to £248 million. Primary Markets growth was driven by annual listing fees alongside the revenue deferral benefit from 2021's record admission performance. Secondary Markets was broadly in line with the prior year as competitive pricing pressures adversely affected revenue yield, whilst overall volumes remained relatively flat. 

 

FX revenue grew by 4.2% to £258 million driven by strong performance in Fxall, our dealer-to-client platform, alongside consistent outperformance in FX Spot Matching volumes as a result of implementation of commercial incentives. FX Matching performance returned to growth in H2 after a long period of decline.

 

Fixed Income, Derivatives & Other revenue increased by 13.4% to £953 million. Tradeweb, a global operator of electronic marketplaces for rates, credit, equities and money markets, achieved another year of strong growth, driven by the ongoing electronification of markets, continued share gains in most product lines and further progress in international markets. Market volatility contributed to higher average daily trading volumes and record activity across a number of core products.

 

Cost of sales increased by 9.1% to £34 million reflecting the cost of sales within the Tradeweb business which relate to data feeds.

 

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment increased by 9.4% to £665 million, again driven by the strong revenue growth at Tradeweb.

 

Adjusted EBITDA rose 10.2% to £760 million as a result of the strong topline growth at Tradeweb. The Adjusted EBITDA margin increased slightly to 52.1%.

 

 

Non-Financial KPIs

 

 

2022

2021

 Variance
%

Equities

 



Primary Markets

 

 


New issues

74

174

(57.5%)

Total money raised (£bn)

10.7

34.8

(69.3%)





Secondary Markets - Equities

 



UK Value Traded (£bn) - Average Daily Value

4.6

4.5

2.2%  

SETS Yield (bps)

0.66

0.73

(9.6%)





FX

 



Average daily total volume ($bn)

452

443

2.0%  





Fixed income, Derivatives and Other

 



Tradeweb Average Daily ($m)

 



Rates - Cash

342,798

345,008

(0.6%)

Rates - Derivatives

342,074

293,655

16.5%  





Credit - Cash

10,090

9,297

8.5%  

Credit - Derivatives

17,590

12,235

43.8%  

 

 

Post Trade

 

Continuing operations

2022
£m

2021
£m

Variance
%


Pro-Forma Constant Currency Variance %

OTC Derivatives

402  

358  

12.3%  


10.0%  

Securities & Reporting

234  

246  

(4.9%)


(3.8%)

Non-Cash Collateral

100  

95  

5.3%  


3.6%  

Total Revenue

736  

699  

5.3%  


4.2%  

Net Treasury Income

255  

207  

23.2%  


18.8%  

Total Income

991  

906  

9.4%  


7.5%  

Cost of sales

(150)

(123)

22.0%  


22.9%  

Gross Profit

841  

783  

7.4%  


5.1%  

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(324)

(329)

(1.5%)


(0.6%)

Adjusted EBITDA

517  

454  

13.9%  


9.0%  

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(112)

(96)

16.7%  


14.5%  

Adjusted operating profit

405  

358  

13.1%  


7.5%  







Adjusted EBITDA Margin

52.2%  

50.1%  




 

Post Trade provides clearing, risk management, capital optimisation and regulatory reporting solutions. T otal revenue grew by 4.2% to £736 million and total income, including Net Treasury Income, was £991 million, up 7.5% year-on-year.

 

Post Trade's clearing franchise, LCH, achieved record volumes in 2022 as Central Bank rate changes, political events and increasing inflation led to heightened market volatility. OTC Derivatives revenue increased by 10.0% to £402 million, driven by a strong performance in SwapClear client clearing.

 

Securities & Reporting revenue decreased by 3.8% to £234 million reflecting commercial policy adjustments in equities in response to increasing pricing pressures, partially offset by growth in RepoClear.

 

Non-Cash Collateral revenue increased by 3.6% to £100 million as high volumes continued and includes the full year impact of 2021 pricing changes.

 

Net Treasury Income (NTI) increased by 18.8% to £255 million as sustained market volatility drove record collateral balances.

 

Cost of sales increased by 22.9% to £150 million. This was driven mainly by accounting for revenue share arrangements relating to SwapClear and NTI, which both grew strongly during the year.

 

Adjusted operating expenses excluding depreciation, amortisation and impairment decreased by 0.6% to £324 million demonstrating good cost control. As a result, Adjusted EBITDA was up 9.0% to £517 million and the Adjusted EBITDA margin improved by 210 basis points to 52.2%.

 

 

Non-Financial KPIs

 

 

2022

2021

 Variance
%

 

 

 


OTC

 

 


SwapClear




IRS notional cleared ($trn)

1,091

921

18.5%  

SwapClear members

124

123

0.8%  

Client trades ('000)

2,684

2,180

23.1%  

Client average 10-year notional equivalent ($trn)

3.7

4.2

(11.9%)





ForexClear




Notional value cleared ($bn)

24,659

21,670

13.8%  

ForexClear members

36

35

2.9%  





CDSClear




Notional cleared (€bn)

3,358

2,283

47.1%  

CDSClear members

25

25

-





Securities & Reporting

 



EquityClear trades (m)

2,163

1,996

8.4%  

Listed derivatives contracts (m)

262.6

285.8

(8.1%)

RepoClear - nominal value (€trn)

288.4

237.6

21.4%  





Non-Cash Collateral

 



Average non-cash collateral  (€bn)

168.5

165.5

1.8%





Cash Collateral

 



Average cash collateral (€bn)

140.8

107.2

31.3%  

 

 

Cash Flow   

 

Cash Flow

2022
£m

2021
£m

Operating Cash Flow

3,282  

3,090  

Net interest & royalties paid

(231)

(208)

Other dividends, net

(70)

(73)

Net taxes paid

(351)

(390)

Capex & other investments

(966)

(632)

Equity Free Cash Flow

1,664  

1,787  

Lease payments

(150)

(118)

Disposal proceeds

1,056 

3,592 

Acquisitions

(768)

762 

Investments

(227)

(28)

Dividends to LSEG shareholders

(567)

(426)

Borrowings

6,944 

Repayments

(209)

(11,614)

Share buybacks

(383)

(55)

Other

(56)

96 

Net Cash Flow

360  

940  

 

The Group's business continued to be strongly cash generative during the year, with operating cash flow of £3,282 million (2021: £3,090 million). Cash outflows for purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangibles amounted to £966 million (2021: £632 million), which includes our business-as-usual investment programmes as well as investments related to the Refinitiv integration.

 

Equity free cash flow was £1, 664 million (2021: £1,787 million). During the year the Group received disposal proceeds of £1,056 million, principally in relation to the sale of the BETA business , and deployed £768 million on acquisitions , net of £18 million cash acquired. Dividends paid during the year were £ 567 million, reflecting the continued strong growth in dividends per share . £383 million was spent on share buybacks, of which £300 million related to the LSEG share buyback programme announced in August 2022, with the balance relating to Tradeweb's buyback programme and fees.  

 

Cash generation, after organic and inorganic investments and other normal course payment obligations, was positive, contributing to cash and cash equivalents growing from £2,665 million as at 31 December 2021 to £3,209 million as at 31 December 2022.

 

 

Balance Sheet / Leverage / Ratings

 

Net Debt

Year ended 31 December

 

2022
£m

 

2021
£m


 


Gross borrowings

8,151 

7,654 

Cash and cash equivalents

(3,209)

(2,665)

Net derivative financial liabilities

48 

25 

Lease liabilities

672 

715 

Net debt

5,662  

5,729  

Less lease liabilities

(672)

(715)

Regulatory and operational amounts

1,236  

1,294  

Operating net debt

6,226  

6,308  

 

 

At 31 December 2022, the Group had operating net debt of £6,226 million after setting aside £1,236 million for regulatory and operational amounts. Leverage [1] fell to 1.8x at 31 December 2022 (2021: 1.9x). The Group is within its targeted leverage range of 1.0-2.0 times adjusted EBITDA before foreign exchange gains or losses.

 

Effective January 2021, the Group increased its committed revolving credit facilities to £2.5 billion. In 2022, the Group had access to a £1,425 million facility maturing in December 2024 and a £1,075 million facility maturing in December 2026. The second one-year extension option was exercised on the £1,075 million facility in December 2022, extending its maturity to December 2027.

 

With respect to the Group's long-term debt finance, no bonds were issued or repaid in 2022. The €150 million Euro term loan was repaid in full, and a partial repayment was made to the US Dollar term loan, reducing the outstanding balance to $1,560 million (2021: $1,660 million).

 

LSEG is rated A with a positive outlook by Standard & Poor's and A3 with a stable outlook by Moody's. The Standard & Poor's outlook was upgraded from stable to positive in November 2022. Standard & Poor's maintained its long-term rating of LCH Limited and LCH SA at AA- with a stable outlook through the period.

 

 

Foreign Exchange

 

As a result of the acquisition of Refinitiv, the majority of LSEG revenues and expenses are in US dollars followed by Sterling, Euro and other currencies. The longer-term targets associated with the acquisition of Refinitiv have been given on a constant currency basis.

 

 

1 Leverage is calculated as operating net debt (i.e. net debt before lease liabilities and after excluding amounts set aside for regulatory and operational purposes) to pro-forma adjusted EBITDA before foreign exchange gains or losses.

 


USD

GBP

EUR

Other

2022 Total Income¹

57%

18%

17%

8%

2022 Underlying Expenses²

50%

26%

11%

13%






2022 Total Income by division

USD

GBP

EUR

Other

Data & Analytics

65%

12%

12%

11%

Capital Markets

59%

21%

19%

1%

Post Trade

20%

44%

34%

2%

Other

44%

23%

27%

6%

 

 

Total income includes recoveries.

Underlying expenses includes cost of sales, underlying operating expenses and underlying depreciation and amortisation.

 

 

Spot / Average Rates

 


Average rate
12 months ended
31-Dec-22

Closing rate at
31-Dec-22

Average rate
12 months ended
31-Dec-21

Closing rate at
31-Dec-21

GBP : USD

1.237

1.203

1.376

1.350

GBP : EUR

1.173

1.127

1.163

1.192

 

 

Appendix:

 

Pro-forma1 P&L

 

Continuing operations

2022
£m

20211
£m

Reported Variance
%

Data & Analytics

4,944 

4,398 

12.4% 

Capital Markets

1,459 

1,249 

16.8% 

Post Trade

991 

906 

9.4%

Other

34 

34 


Total Income (excl. recoveries)

7,428 

6,587 

12.8% 

Recoveries

315 

354 

(11.0%)

Total Income (incl. recoveries)

7,743 

6,941 

11.6% 

Cost of sales

(1,064)

(920)

15.7% 

Gross profit

6,679 

6,021 

10.9% 

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(3,140)

(2,905)

8.1% 

Income from equity investments

12 

22 

(45.5%)

Share of loss after tax of associates

(1)

(4)

(75.0%)

Adjusted EBITDA

3,550 

3,134 

13.3% 

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

47.8% 

47.6% 

 

Adjusted depreciation, amortisation and impairment

(822)

(737)

11.5% 

Adjusted operating profit

2,728  

2,397 

13.8% 

Adjusted net finance expense

(160)

(206)

(22.3%)

Adjusted profit before tax

2,568  

2,191  

17.2% 

Adjusted tax

(540)

(451)

19.7% 

Adjusted profit for the year

2,028 

1,740  

16.6% 

Adjusted profit attributable to:




Equity holders

1,770 

1,512  

17.1% 

Non-controlling interest

258 

228  

13.2% 

Continuing adjusted basic earnings per share (p)

317.8  

271.5  

17.1%  

 

1 Pro-forma 2021 assumes that the acquisition of Refinitiv took place on 1 January 2021

 

 

Consolidated income statement

 

Year ended 31 December


2022

 

2021



 

 

 

 

(Re-presented)1

 

 

Underlying

Non-underlying

Total

 

Underlying

Non-underlying

Total

 

Notes

£m

£m

£m

 

£m

£m

£m

Continuing operations


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

2, 3

7,454  

-  

7,454  


6,297  

-  

6,297  

Net treasury income from CCP clearing business

2, 3

255  

-  

255  


207  

-  

207  

Other income

2, 3

34  

-  

34  


31  

-  

31  

Total income


7,743  

-  

7,743  


6,535  

-  

6,535  

Cost of sales

2

(1,064)

-  

(1,064)


(859)

-  

(859)

Gross profit


6,679  

-  

6,679  

 

5,676  

-  

5,676  

Operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

4, 6

(3,140)

(389)

(3,529)


(2,725)

(334)

(3,059)

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

6

-  

133  

133  


-  

-  

-  

Remeasurement gain

6, 11.1

-  

23  

23  


-  

-  

-  

Income from equity investments


12  

-  

12  


22  

-  

22  

Share of loss after tax of associates


(1)

-  

(1)


(4)

-  

(4)

Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and impairment


3,550  

(233)

3,317  


2,969  

(334)

2,635  

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

6

(822)

(1,078)

(1,900)


(687)

(883)

(1,570)

Operating profit/(loss)


2,728  

(1,311)

1,417  


2,282  

(1,217)

1,065  

Finance income

7.1

111  

-  

111  


46  

-  

46  

Finance costs

6, 7.2

(271)

(16)

(287)


(212)

(5)

(217)

Net finance costs


(160)

(16)

(176)


(166)

(5)

(171)

Profit/(loss) before tax


2,568  

(1,327)

1,241  


2,116  

(1,222)

894  

Taxation

6, 8.1

(540)

278  

(262)

 

(432)

130  

(302)

Profit/(loss) from continuing operations


2,028  

(1,049)

979  


1,684  

(1,092)

592  

 


 

 

 





Discontinued operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit after tax from discontinued operations

12.1

59  

453  

512  


160  

2,511  

2,671  

Profit/(loss) for the year


2,087  

(596)

1,491  


1,844  

1,419  

3,263  



 

 

 





Profit/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to:


 

 

 





Equity holders


1,770  

(980)

790  


1,465  

(1,004)

461  

Non-controlling interests


258  

(69)

189  


219  

(88)

131  

Profit/(loss) from continuing operations

 

2,028  

(1,049)

979  

 

1,684  

(1,092)

592  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit from discontinued operations attributable to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity holders


59  

453  

512  

 

156  

2,512  

2,668  

Non-controlling interests


-  

-

-  


4  

(1)

3  

Profit after tax from discontinued operations


59  

453  

512  


160  

2,511  

2,671  

Profit/(loss) for the year


2,087  

(596)

1,491  


1,844  

1,419  

3,263  

 


 

 

 





 


 

 

 





 


 

 

 





 


 

 

 





Year ended 31 December


2022

 

2021

 


 

 

 

 

(Re-presented)1

 

Notes

Underlying

Non-underlying

Total

 

Underlying

Non-underlying

Total

Earnings per share attributable to equity holders

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 



Continuing operations

 

 

 

 

 

 



Basic earnings per share

9

 

 

141.8p




85.8p

Diluted earnings per share

9

 

 

141.1p




85.2p

Adjusted basic earnings per share

9

317.8p

 

 


272.4p



Adjusted diluted earnings per share

9

316.1p

 

 


270.7p



 


 

 

 





Total operations

 

 

 

 

 

 



Basic earnings per share

9

 

 

233.8p




581.7p

Diluted earnings per share

9

 

 

232.5p




578.1p

Adjusted basic earnings per share

9

328.4p

 

 


301.4p



Adjusted diluted earnings per share

9

326.6p

 

 


299.5p












Dividend per share in respect of the financial year

 

 

 

 




 

Dividend per share paid during the year

10

 

 

31.7p




25.0p

Dividend per share declared for the year

10

 

 

75.3p




70.0p



 

 

 





1 The 2021 results have been re-presented to exclude the results of the discontinued operations (see note 12)



Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

 

Year ended 31 December


2022

2021

 


 

(Re-presented)1

 

Notes

£m

£m

Continuing operations

 

 

 

Profit from continuing operations


979  

592  

 


 


Other comprehensive income


 


Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to the income statement

 


Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit schemes


(329)

101  

Gain on equity instruments designated as fair value through other comprehensive income


21  

59  

Income tax relating to these items

8.1

83  

(25)

 


(225)

135  

 




Items that may be subsequently reclassified to the income statement



Gains on cash flow hedges


-  

22  

Gains on cash flow hedges recycled to the income statement


(3)

(2)

Net (losses)/gains on net investment hedges


(113)

87  

Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income:


 


- Net (losses)/gains from changes in fair value


(15)

2  

- Losses/(gains) recycled to the income statement


1  

(4)

Net exchange gains on translation of foreign operations


2,653  

13  

Income tax relating to these items

8.1

2  

1  

 


2,525  

119  



 


Other comprehensive income net of tax from continuing operations


2,300  

254  

 


 


Total comprehensive income from continuing operations


3,279  

846  

 




Discontinued operations




Total comprehensive income from discontinued operations

12.1

512  

2,566  

 




Total comprehensive income


3,791  

3,412  

 




Total comprehensive income from continuing operations attributable to:




Equity holders


2,889  

707  

Non-controlling interests


390  

139  

Total comprehensive income from continuing operations


3,279  

846  

 




Total comprehensive income from discontinued operations attributable to:




Equity holders


512  

2,564  

Non-controlling interests


-  

2  

Total comprehensive income from discontinued operations


512  

2,566  

Total comprehensive income


3,791  

3,412  





1 The 2021 results have been re-presented to exclude the results of the discontinued operations (see note 12)



Balance sheet

 

At 31 December


Group



2022

2021

 

Notes

£m

£m

Assets



 

Non-current assets



 

Intangible assets

13

35,066

31,724

Property, plant and equipment


797

832

Investments in associates


34

25

Investments in financial assets

 15.1

394

351

Derivative financial instruments

15.1

12

2

Other receivables


209

202

Retirement benefit assets


231

568

Deferred tax assets


622

508



37,365

34,212

Current assets


 


Trade and other receivables


1,364

967

Clearing member financial assets


687,727

665,031

Clearing member cash and cash equivalents


104,707

83,795

Clearing member assets

15.1

792,434

748,826

Investments in financial assets

 15.1

226

-

Derivative financial instruments

15.1

36

25

Current tax receivable


522

398

Cash and cash equivalents


3,209

2,665

Assets held for sale


-

16



797,791

752,897

Total assets


835,156

787,109

Liabilities


 


Current liabilities


 


Trade and other payables


2,143

1,782

Contract liabilities


257

245

Borrowings

 14.1, 15.2

1,295

-

Clearing member financial liabilities

15.2

792,594

748,644

Derivative financial instruments

15.2

9

7

Current tax payable


142

73

Provisions


29

16



796,469

750,767

Non-current liabilities


 


Borrowings

 14.1, 15.2

6,856

7,654

Other payables


1,182

1,059

Contract liabilities


89

101

Derivative financial instruments

15.2

87

45

Retirement benefit obligations


64

85

Deferred tax liabilities


2,200

1,835

Provisions


58

44



10,536

10,823

Total liabilities


807,005

761,590

Net assets


28,151

25,519




 

 


Group

 


2022

2021

 

Notes

£m

£m

Equity


 


Capital and reserves attributable to the Company's equity holders

 

 

Ordinary share capital

16

39

39

Share premium

16

978

978

Retained earnings


3,840

3,816

Other reserves

16

21,139

18,807

Total shareholders' funds


25,996

23,640

Non-controlling interests


2,155

1,879

Total equity


28,151

25,519

 

 

 

 

Cash flow statements

 

Year ended 31 December

 

Group



2022

2021



 

(Re-presented)1


Notes

£m

£m

Operating activities


 

 

Profit from continuing operations


979  

592  

Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash flow:


 


- Taxation

8.1

262  

302  

- Net finance costs

7

176  

171  

- Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets


1,603  

1,289  

- Depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment


290  

281  

- Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

6

(133)

-  

- Share based payments


158  

141  

- Foreign exchange losses


38  

112  

- Dividend income


(12)

(22)

- Other movements


121  

84  

Working capital changes and movements in other assets and liabilities:


 


- (Increase)/decrease in receivables, contract and other assets


(407)

747  

- Decrease in payables, contract and other liabilities


(119)

(347)

- Decrease/(increase) in clearing member financial assets


709  

(72,668)

- (Decrease)/increase in clearing member financial liabilities


(383)

72,408  

Cash generated from/(used in) operations


3,282  

3,090  

Interest received


29  

14  

Interest paid


(171)

(152)

Net taxes paid


(351)

(390)

Royalties paid


(89)

(70)

Net cash flows from continuing operations2


2,700  

2,492  

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

12.3

37  

110  

Net cash flows from operating activities


2,737  

2,602  

Investing activities


 


Purchase of intangible assets

13

(773)

(542)

Purchase of property, plant and equipment


(193)

(90)

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment


153  

-  

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

11.2

(768)

762  

Proceeds from sale of disposal group, net of cash disposed

12.2

903  

3,592  

Investments in financial assets


(227)

(28)

Dividends received


12  

22  

Net cash flows from continuing operations


(893)

3,716  

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

12.3

(16)

(32)

Net cash flows from investing activities


(909)

3,684  

Financing activities


 


Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities


(150)

(118)

Proceeds from borrowings


-  

6,944  

Repayment of borrowings


(209)

(11,614)

Dividends paid to equity holders of the parent

10

(567)

(426)

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests


(82)

(95)

Repurchase of shares by Parent Company

16

(303)

-

Repurchase of shares by subsidiary (Tradeweb)


(80)

(55)

Other financing activities


(77)

24  

Net cash flows from continuing operations


(1,468)

(5,340)

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

12.3

-  

(6)

Net cash flows from financing activities


(1,468)

(5,346)

 


 


Increase in cash and cash equivalents


360  

940  

Foreign exchange translation

 

184  

(60)

Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January


2,665  

1,785  

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December


3,209  

2,665  

 


1 The 2021 results have been re-presented to exclude the results of the discontinued operations (see note 12).

2 The Group's net cash inflow from continuing operating activities of £2,700 million (2021: £2,492 million) includes £226 million (2021: £202 million) of expenses related to non-underlying items.

 


 


 

Statements of changes in equity

 

Group

 

 

 

 

 

 



Year ended 31 December

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

Attributable to equity holders





Ordinary share capital

Share premium

Retained earnings

Other reserves1

Total attributable to equity holders

Non-controlling interests

Total equity



 

 

 

 

 

(Re-presented)2

 

 

Notes

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

1 January 2021


24

971

911  

1,805

3,711

414  

4,125  

Total comprehensive income for the year


-

-

3,250  

21

3,271  

141  

3,412  

Issue of shares

16

-

7

-  

-

7  

-  

7  

Issue of shares for acquisition of subsidiaries (with non-controlling interest)


15

-

(25)

16,981

16,971  

1,442  

18,413  

Dividends

10

-

-

(426)

-

(426)

(97)

(523)

Share-based payments


-

-

76  

-

76  

67  

143  

Tax benefit on share-based payments in excess of expense recognised

8.1

-

-

30  

-

30  

-  

30  

Disposal of business

12.2

-

-

-  

-

-  

(65)

(65)

Tradeweb share buyback3


-

-

-  

-

-  

(55)

(55)

Shares withheld from employee options exercised (Tradeweb)4


-

-

-  

-

-  

(52)

(52)

Tax benefit on investment in partnerships

8.1

-

-

-  

-

-  

25  

25  

Adjustments to non-controlling interest


-

-

-  

-

-  

59  

59  

31 December 2021


39

978

3,816  

18,807

23,640  

1,879  

25,519  

Total comprehensive income for the year


-

-

1,069  

2,332

3,401  

390  

3,791  

Share buyback by Parent Company

16

-

-

(503)

-

(503)

-  

(503)

Dividends

10

-

-

(567)

-

(567)

(80)

(647)

Share-based payments


-

-

99  

-

99  

63  

162  

Tax expense on share-based payments less than expense recognised

8.1

-

-

(78)

-

(78)

-  

(78)

Purchase of non-controlling interests


-

-

4  

-

4  

(19)

(15)

Tradeweb share buyback3


-

-

-  

-

-  

(80)

(80)

Shares withheld from employee options exercised (Tradeweb)4


-

-

-  

-

-  

(82)

(82)

Tax benefit on investment in partnerships

8.1

-

-

-  

-

-  

100  

100  

Adjustments to non-controlling interest


-

-

-  

-

-  

(16)

(16)

31 December 2022

 

39  

978

3,840  

21,139

25,996  

2,155  

28,151  










1 Movements in other reserves are detailed in note 16

2 The disaggregated movements in non-controlling interests for the year ended 31 December 2021 have been re-presented to be consistent with 2022

3 On 4 February 2021, Tradeweb Markets Inc., a subsidiary of the Group, announced a share repurchase programme, primarily to offset annual dilution from stock-based compensation plans. Its share repurchase programme authorises the purchase of up to US$150 million common stock until 31 December 2023.

4 Tradeweb Markets Inc. is required to net-settle options exercised by employees by reducing the shares to be issued by the number of shares with a fair market value on the date of exercise equal to taxes payable by employees in respect of the number of options exercised.


Notes to the financial statements

 

Reporting entity

These financial statements have been prepared for London Stock Exchange Group plc (the Company) and its subsidiaries (the Group). The Group is a diversified global financial markets infrastructure and data business. The Company is a public company, incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of its registered office is 10 Paternoster Square, London, EC4M 7LS.

 

During 2022, the Group acquired the businesses listed below. The results of these businesses have been consolidated since the date of acquisition (see note 11).

Acquired business

Acquisition date

Segment

Global Data Consortium, Inc. (GDC)

31 May 2022

Data & Analytics

MayStreet Inc. (MayStreet)

31 May 2022

Data & Analytics

Tora Holdings, Inc. (TORA)

9 August 2022

Data & Analytics

Quantile Group Limited (Quantile)

30 November 2022

Post Trade

 

On 1 July 2022, the Group disposed of the BETA, Maxit and Digital Investor businesses (collectively BETA) (see note 12). On 21 March 2022 , the disposal of BETA was assessed to be highly probable and the business was treated as a disposal group from that date. BETA is also deemed to be a discontinued operation as it represented a separate major line of business of the Group. Its profits, losses and cash flows have therefore been separated from the Group's continuing operations and are shown as discontinued operations. The comparative period has been re-presented accordingly.

 

1. A ccounting policies

This section describes the Group's significant policies and critical accounting judgements and estimates that relate to the financial statements and notes as a whole. We have also detailed below the new accounting pronouncements that we will adopt in future years and how we have assessed the impact of climate change on our financial statements.

 

1.1 Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

The Group's consolidated and the Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards and endorsed by the UK Endorsement Board.

 

1.2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared on a historical cost basis except for derivative financial instruments, debt and equity financial assets and contingent consideration which are measured at fair value.

 

Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Directors, consider there to be no material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue to operate as a going concern. The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for 12 months from the date when these financial statements are authorised for issue. Accordingly, the going concern basis has been adopted in the preparation of these financial statements.

 

Presentation of income statement

The Group uses a columnar format for the presentation of its consolidated income statement to separately identify results before non-underlying items ("adjusted"). This is consistent with the way that financial performance is measured by management and reported to the Executive Committee and Board (see note 2).

 

The "adjusted" measures reported by the Group include:

· Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

· Adjusted EBITDA

· Adjusted depreciation, amortisation and impairment

· Adjusted operating profit

· Adjusted earnings per share (EPS)

 

These measures are not measures of performance under IFRS and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, IFRS measures of financial performance and liquidity. Adjusted performance measures provide supplemental data relevant to an understanding of the Group's financial performance and exclude non-underlying items of income and expense that are material by their size and/or nature.

 

The "profit before non-underlying items" measure is used to calculate adjusted EPS. Profit before non-underlying items is reconciled to profit before taxation on the face of the income statement. Non-underlying items are disclosed in note 6.

 

Non-underlying items include:

· Amortisation and impairment of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets

· Incremental amortisation and impairment of the fair value adjustments of intangible assets recognised as a result of acquisitions

· Other income or expenses not considered to drive the operating results of the Group (including transaction, integration and separation costs related to acquisitions and disposals of businesses), as well as restructuring costs

· Tax on non-underlying items

 

 

1.3 Foreign currencies

Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling, which is also the functional currency of London Stock Exchange Group plc, the Parent Company. The Group determines the functional currency for each of its subsidiary entities and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency.

 

Transactions and balances in foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded and translated into the functional currency of the relevant Group entity at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currency of the entity at the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date.

 

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such foreign currency transactions or from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement within operating expenses.

 

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date when the fair value was determined. The foreign exchange gain or loss on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. This means foreign exchange gains and losses on non-monetary assets and liabilities held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the income statement (within operating expenses), and foreign exchange gains and losses on non-monetary assets classified as at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognised in other comprehensive income.

 

Translation of non-sterling entities on consolidation

The results and financial position of all Group entities that have a non-sterling functional currency are translated into sterling on consolidation into the Group's results as follows:

· assets and liabilities (including goodwill, purchased intangible assets and fair value adjustments1) are translated at the reporting date exchange rates

· income and expenses and other comprehensive income are translated at the average exchange rate for the year. Where this average is not a reasonable approximation of the rate prevailing on the date of a material transaction, these items are translated at the rate on the date of the transaction

· all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income

 

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of net investments in foreign operations, borrowings and other currency instruments designated as hedging instruments are recognised in other comprehensive income. On disposal of a foreign currency operation, the cumulative exchange differences previously recognised in other comprehensive income relating to that operation are reclassified to the income statement as part of the profit or loss on disposal.

 

1 Any goodwill and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the reporting date exchange rate

 

1.4 New and amended standards and interpretations

Standards, interpretations and amendments to published standards effective for the year ended 31 December 2022

During the year, the following amendments to standards became effective. These have not had a material impact on the Group's financial statements:

· Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations: reference to the Conceptual Framework

· Amendments to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment: proceeds before intended use

· Amendments to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets: onerous contracts - cost of fulfilling a contract

· Annual Improvements to IFRS 2018-2020

 

Standards, interpretations and amendments to published standards which are not yet effective

New and amended standards that have been issued, but are not yet effective, up to the date of the Group's financial statements are disclosed below. We intend to adopt these, if applicable, when they become effective. We are currently assessing their impact, but this is not expected to be material to the Group's financial statements:

International accounting standards and interpretations

Effective date

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, including amendments to IFRS 17 (and initial application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments - comparative information)

1 January 2023

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2: disclosure of accounting policies

1 January 2023

Amendments to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors: definition of accounting estimate

1 January 2023

Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes: deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction

1 January 2023

Amendments to IFRS 16: lease liability in a sale and leaseback

1 January 20241

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: non-current liabilities with covenants and classification of liabilities as current or non-current

1 January 20241

Amendments to IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures: sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture

Deferred1

 

1 Not yet endorsed by UK Endorsement Board

 

1.5 Significant accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements

Estimates, assumptions and judgements are regularly reviewed based on historical experience, current circumstances and expectations of future events.

 

Significant accounting estimates and assumptions are those that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

 

Significant judgements are those made by management in applying the Group's significant accounting policies that have a material impact on the amounts presented in the financial statements. Significant judgement may be exercised in management's accounting estimates and assumptions.

 

Estimates, assumptions and judgements are described in the relevant notes to the financial statements.

 

Note

 

Significant estimates and assumptions

Significant judgement

6

Non-underlying items


P

8.2

Uncertain tax positions

P

P

11

Business combinations

P


13

Intangible assets

P


 

Management has discussed significant accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements with the Audit Committee.

 

1.6 Climate change

We have reviewed the potential impact of climate change on the Group's financial results and position. The areas that are deemed to be most relevant to climate change are set out below. Based on an assessment in each area, we have concluded that climate change is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's financial position, estimates or judgements. The directors monitor this on an on-going basis.

 

Going concern and viability - The Group has committed to a long-term ambition to achieve net zero by 2040 and set targets to reduce selected carbon emissions by 50% by 2030. There is no other direct impact on the viability period of the Group. There is no climate-related scenario that is deemed to have a probable likelihood of occurring which could also impact the Group's going concern assessment.

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets - Forecasted cash flows are not expected to be impacted by climate change over the period for which forecasts have been prepared, due to the nature of the Group's revenue streams. The impact on costs mainly relates to reducing our carbon footprint by encouraging responsible employee travel.

Useful lives of assets - The Group's assets consist mainly of property and IT equipment. Given the type of IT equipment owned by the Group, there is no expected impact of climate change on the future useful lives of these assets. The useful lives of our property could be impacted by climate change in the form of physical obsolescence of assets or because of a natural disaster (such as flooding), however any such impact on the carrying value of related assets is not deemed material.

Deferred tax assets - Deferred tax asset recoverability can be affected by climate if there is an expectation that it will impact on the future taxable profits that are expected to be generated. The revenue of the Group is of such a nature that it is not expected to be impacted by climate change over the period for which forecasts are prepared. There is a potential reduction in costs as we reduce our carbon footprint and encourage responsible employee travel.

Pension scheme asset valuation and defined benefit liability - Changes in interest rates, as a result of climate change, could impact the future valuation of defined benefit liabilities and pension asset valuations. While these are considered in the valuation, there was no discernible impact from climate change on the current year's valuation.

Trade and other receivables - The Group has a diverse client base that operates in various industries. The Group's expected credit loss provision considers the credit risk of its client base, which could be impacted by the assessment of climate change in a particular market or industry. Given that receivables are mainly due within one year, the impact of climate change on the short term is unlikely to be material.

 

 

2. Segment information

The Group reports three main operating segments:

· Data & Analytics includes the core Refinitiv business and the FTSE Russell businesses

· Capital Markets includes the London Stock Exchange, Tradeweb, FXall and Turquoise

· Post Trade includes the Group's CCPs (LCH) and other post trade services

 

During the year, some revenue items were reallocated between business lines to better reflect our operating model. The comparative results have been re-presented to reflect this. At a divisional level, the impact on the 2021 results previously reported is:

· £6 million of revenue from Capital Markets to Data & Analytics

· £7 million of revenue from Post Trade to Data & Analytics

 

Results by operating segment for the year ended 31 December 2022 are as follows:

 

 

Data & Analytics

Capital

Markets

Post Trade

Other

Group

Continuing operations

Notes

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Revenue from external customers1

3

5,259  

1,459  

736  

-  

7,454  

Net treasury income from CCP clearing business

3

-  

-  

255  

-  

255  

Other income

3

-  

-  

-  

34  

34  

Total income

 

5,259  

1,459  

991  

34  

7,743  

Cost of sales


(879)

(34)

(150)

(1)

(1,064)

Gross profit

 

4,380  

1,425  

841  

33  

6,679  

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

4

(2,142)

(665)

(324)

(9)

(3,140)

Income from equity investments


-  

-  

-  

12  

12  

Share of loss after tax of associates


-  

-  

-  

(1)

(1)

Adjusted EBITDA

 

2,238  

760  

517  

35  

3,550  

Underlying depreciation, amortisation and impairment


(607)

(103)

(112)

-  

(822)

Adjusted operating profit (before non-underlying items)

 

1,631  

657  

405  

35  

2,728  

Non-underlying depreciation, amortisation and impairment

6

 

 

 

 

(1,078)

Other non-underlying items excluding net finance expense

6

 

 

 

 

(233)

Operating profit

 

 

 

 

 

1,417  

Net finance costs (including non-underlying items)

7

 

 

 

 

(176)

Profit before tax from continuing operations



 

 

 

1,241  

Profit before tax from discontinued operations

12


 

 

 

692  

Profit before tax

 

 

 

 

 

1,933  

 

1 Data & Analytics revenue includes recoveries of £315 million. Post Trade revenue includes net settlement and similar expenses recovered through the CCP clearing businesses of £12 million which comprises gross settlement income of £47 million less gross settlement expenses of £35 million.

 

 

Re-presented results by operating segment for the year ended 31 December 2021 are as follows:



Data & Analytics

Capital

Markets

Post Trade

Other

Group

Continuing operations

Notes

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Revenue from external customers1

3

 

4,427  

1,171  

699  

-  

6,297  

Net treasury income from CCP clearing business

3

-  

-  

207  

-  

207  

Other income

3

-  

-  

-  

31  

31  

Total income

 

4,427  

1,171  

906  

31  

6,535  

Cost of sales


(709)

(27)

(123)

-  

(859)

Gross profit

 

3,718  

1,144  

783  

31  

5,676  

Adjusted operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

4

(1,857)

(536)

(329)

(3)

(2,725)

Income from equity investments


-  

-  

-  

22  

22  

Share of loss after tax of associates


-  

-  

-  

(4)

(4)

Adjusted EBITDA

 

1,861  

608  

454  

46  

2,969  

Underlying depreciation, amortisation and impairment


(481)

(110)

(96)

-  

(687)

Adjusted operating profit (before non-underlying items)

 

1,380  

498  

358  

46  

2,282  

Non-underlying depreciation, amortisation and impairment

6





(883)

Other non-underlying items excluding net finance expense

6





(334)

Operating profit

 





1,065  

Net finance costs (including non-underlying items)

7





(171)

Profit before tax from continuing operations






894  

Profit before tax from discontinued operations

12





2,702  

Profit before tax

 





3,596  

 

 






1 Data & Analytics revenue includes recoveries of £324 million. Post Trade revenue includes net settlement and similar expenses recovered through the CCP clearing businesses of £12 million which comprises gross settlement income of £46 million less gross settlement expense of £34 million.

 

 

3. Total income

The Group's revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment, major product and service line, and timing of revenue recognition for the year ended 31 December 2022 is shown below:

 

Data & Analytics

Capital

Markets

Post Trade

Other

Group

Continuing operations

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Revenue from external customers

 

 

 

 

 

Major product and service lines

 

 

 

 

 

Trading & banking solutions

1,612

-

-

-

1,612

Enterprise data solutions

1,307

-

-

-

1,307

Investment solutions

1,325

-

-

-

1,325

Wealth solutions

275

-

-

-

275

Customer & third-party risk solutions

425

-

-

-

425

Recoveries

315

-

-

-

315

Equities

-

248

-

-

248

FX

-

258

-

-

258

Fixed income, derivatives and other

-

953

-

-

953

OTC derivatives

-

-

402

-

402

Securities & reporting

-

-

234

-

234

Non-cash collateral

-

-

100

-

100

Total revenue

5,259

1,459

736

-

7,454

Net treasury income

-

-

255

-

255

Other income

-

-

-

34

34

Total income

5,259

1,459

991

34

7,743

Timing of revenue recognition

 

 

 

 

 

Services satisfied at a point in time

173

1,015

721

-

1,909

Services satisfied over time

5,086

444

15

-

5,545

Total revenue

5,259

1,459

736

-

7,454

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Group's re-presented revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment, major product and service line, and timing of revenue recognition for the year ended 31 December 2021 is shown below:

 

Data & Analytics

Capital

Markets

Post Trade

Other

Group

Continuing operations

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Revenue from external customers






Major product and service lines






Trading & banking solutions

1,369

-

-

-

1,369

Enterprise data solutions

1,058

-

-

-

1,058

Investment solutions

1,119

-

-

-

1,119

Wealth solutions

227

-

-

-

227

Customer & third-party risk solutions

330

-

-

-

330

Recoveries

324

-

-

-

324

Equities

-

241

-

-

241

FX

-

204

-

-

204

Fixed income, derivatives and other

-

726

-

-

726

OTC derivatives

-

-

358

-

358

Securities & reporting

-

-

246

-

246

Non-cash collateral

-

-

95

-

95

Total revenue

4,427

1,171

699

-

6,297

Net treasury income

-

-

207

-

207

Other income

-

-

-

31

31

Total income

4,427

1,171

906

31

6,535

Timing of revenue recognition






Services satisfied at a point in time

154

790

670

-

1,614

Services satisfied over time

4,273

381

29

-

4,683

Total revenue

4,427

1,171

699

-

6,297

 

 

4. Operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

 



2022

2021



 

(Re-presented)

Continuing operations

Notes

£m

£m

Staff costs

5

1,896  

1,666  

IT costs

 

567  

447  

Professional fees

 

420  

327  

Short-term lease costs

 

13  

43  

Other costs

 

243  

252  

Foreign exchange losses/(gains)

 

1  

(10)

Underlying operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

 

3,140  

2,725  

Non-underlying operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment

6

389  

334  

Total operating expenses before depreciation, amortisation and impairment


3,529  

3,059  



5. Staff costs

 


 

2022

2021


 

 

(Re-presented)

Continuing operations

 

£m

£m

Salaries and other benefits


1,905  

1,626  

Social security costs


191  

164  

Pension costs


81  

81  

Share-based payment expense


158  

141  

Total payments made to employees


2,335  

2,012  

Amounts capitalised as development costs


(281)

(190)

Total staff costs from continuing operations

 

2,054  

1,822  



 


Underlying staff costs


1,896  

1,666  

Non-underlying staff costs


158  

156  

Total staff costs from continuing operations

 

2,054  

1,822  

 

 

 


 

6. Non-underlying items

 

Significant accounting judgements

The Group uses its judgement to classify items as non-underlying. They include:

· Amortisation and impairment of goodwill and purchased intangible assets. Purchased intangible assets include customer relationships, trade names, and databases and content, all of which are as a result of acquisitions

· Incremental amortisation and impairment of any fair value adjustments of intangible assets recognised as a result of acquisitions

· Other income or expenses not considered to drive the operating results of the Group (including transaction, integration and separation costs related to acquisitions and disposals of businesses), as well as restructuring costs

· Tax on non-underlying items

 


 

2022

2021


 


(Re-presented)

Continuing operations

Notes

£m

£m

Non-underlying operating expenses before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and impairment




Transaction costs

 

85  

109  

Integration and separation costs

 

278  

225  

Restructuring and other costs

 

26  

-  

 


389  

334  

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment


(133)

-  

Remeasurement gain

11.1

(23)

-  

 


(156)

-  

Non-underlying operating expenses before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and impairment


233  

334  

Non-underlying depreciation, amortisation and impairment


 


Amortisation and impairment of purchased intangible assets

13

1,044  

851  

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment


15  

10  

Impairment of property, plant and equipment


12  

22  

Impairment of other non-current assets


7  

-  

 


1,078  

883  

 


 


Non-underlying items before interest and tax


1,311  

1,217  

Non-underlying finance costs

7.2

16  

5  

Non-underlying items before tax

 

1,327  

1,222  

Non-underlying tax

 

(278)

(130)

Non-underlying items after tax

 

1,049  

1,092  

 

The main non-underlying items are as follows:

 

Transaction costs

Transaction costs mainly relate to the following acquisitions:

· Refinitiv - mainly fair value adjustment to the outstanding Tradeweb equity-settled awards (as if the acquisition date were the grant date) of £26 million (2021: £36 million) and post-acquisition Management Incentive Plan (MIP) share-based payment expense of £16 million (2021: £10 million)

· GDC, MayStreet, TORA and Quantile (see note 11.4)

 

Integration and separation costs

Integration and separation costs relate to activities to:

· Integrate acquired businesses with the Group and mainly consist of Refinitiv integration costs of £242 million (2021: £201 million)

· Separate disposed businesses and mainly consists of BETA separation costs of £12 million (2021: £24 million to separate the Thomson Reuters Financial & Risk Business from Thomson Reuters and then restructure it)

 

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

On 5 January 2022, the Group completed the sale of one of its freehold properties in the UK for a cash sum of £153 million realising a gain on disposal of £133 million.

 

Remeasurement gain

Prior to the acquisition of GDC on 31 May 2022, LSEG held an 11% equity interest in GDC. The acquisition date fair value of the previously held interest resulted in a remeasurement gain of £23 million.

 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

Amortisation of intangibles of £1,044 million (2021: £851 million) mainly relates to the amortisation of intangible assets recognised as a result of the acquisition of Refinitiv.

 

We have continued to review our property needs following the acquisition of Refinitiv. The decision to exit and sub-lease some of our property has resulted in £27 million of accelerated depreciation and impairment (2021: £32 million) to right-of-use property assets and some fixtures and fittings.

 

Taxation

We have recognised a £278 million (2021: £130 million) non-underlying tax benefit which mainly reflects the tax impact of the Group's non-underlying items computed based on the tax rates applicable to the respective territories.



7. Net finance costs

 

7.1 Finance income


 

 



 

2022

2021

Continuing operations


 

£m

£m

Bank deposit and other interest income



29  

3  

Lease interest income



1  

2  

Interest income on retirement benefit assets



81  

41  

Underlying finance income



111  

46  




 





 


7.2 Finance costs



 




 

2022

2021

Continuing operations


Note

£m

£m

Interest payable on bank and other borrowings1



(156)

(151)

Amortisation of arrangement fees



(10)

(12)

Lease interest expense



(15)

(12)

Other finance expenses



(20)

(2)

Interest cost on retirement benefit obligations



(70)

(35)

Underlying finance costs


 

(271)

(212)

Non-underlying finance costs


6

(16)

(5)

Total finance costs


 

(287)

(217)

 


 

 


1 Interest payable on bank and other borrowings includes amounts where the Group suffers negative interest on its cash deposits. It is net of amortisation of the realised gain on interest rate derivatives held in the hedging reserve.

 

 

8. Taxation

 

8.1 Income tax

 



Tax recognised in the income statement

 

 


 

2022

2021


 

 

(Re-presented)

Continuing operations

 

£m

£m

Current tax

 

 


UK corporation tax for the year at 19% (2021: 19%)

 

67  

49  

Overseas tax for the year

 

125  

79  

Adjustments in respect of previous years

 

81  

2  

Total current tax

 

273  

130  

Deferred tax


 


Deferred tax (benefit)/expense for the year

 

(29)

214  

Adjustments in respect of previous years

 

(4)

(9)

Deferred tax expense/(benefit) on amortisation and  impairment of intangible assets


22  

(33)

Total deferred tax


(11)

172  

Total tax


262  

302  

 

Factors affecting the tax charge for the year

 



The tax charge for the year differs from that derived from the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2021: 19%) as explained below:


 

2022

2021


 

 

(Re-presented)

Continuing operations

 

£m

£m

Profit before tax from continuing operations

 

1,241  

894  


 

 


Profit multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK

 

236  

170  

Overseas earnings taxed at higher rate

 

4  

8  

Adjustment arising from changes in tax rates

 

(3)

171  

Income not taxable

 

(53)

(36)

Adjustments in respect of previous years

 

77  

(7)

Deferred tax not recognised

 

1  

(4)

Total tax

 

262  

302  





Tax on items recognised in other comprehensive income

 

 



 

2022

2021

Continuing operations

 

£m

£m

Deferred tax benefit/(expense) on:

 

 


- Actuarial losses/gains on retirement benefit obligations

 

98  

(25)

- Gains/losses of financial assets (at fair value through other comprehensive income)

 

(13)

1  

Total tax recognise in other comprehensive income

 

85  

(24)


 

 


Tax on items recognised in equity

 

 




2022

2021

 


£m

£m

Current tax benefit on:

 



- Share-based payments in excess of expense recognised

 

14  

12  

Total current tax recognised in equity

 

14  

12  


 

 


Deferred tax benefit/(expense) on:

 



- Share-based payments less than/in excess of expense recognised

 

(92)

18  

- Investment in partnerships (recognised in non-controlling interests)

 

100  

25  

Total deferred tax recognised in equity

 

8  

43  

Total tax recognised in equity

 

22  

55  

 

On 24 May 2021, the UK Finance Act 2021 was substantively enacted, increasing the corporate tax rate to 25% with effect from 1 April 2023.

 

Global Minimum Tax

To address concerns about uneven profit distribution and the tax contributions of large multinational corporations, various agreements have been reached at the global level, including an agreement by over 135 countries to introduce a global minimum tax rate of 15%. In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released a draft legislative framework, followed by detailed guidance in March 2022. This is expected to be used by individual jurisdictions that signed the agreement to amend their local tax laws. Enactment is currently expected to occur with effect from 1 January 2024. Once changes to the tax law in any jurisdiction are enacted or substantively enacted, the Group may be subject to the 15% minimum tax rate. We are closely monitoring these developments.


8.2 Uncertain tax positions1

Significant accounting judgements and estimates

Uncertain tax positions

The Group is subject to taxation in the many countries in which it operates. The tax legislation of these countries differs, is often complex and is subject to interpretation by management and government authorities. These matters of judgement sometimes give rise to the need to create provisions for tax payments that may arise in future years with respect to transactions already undertaken.

 

Provisions are made against individual exposures and take into account the specific circumstances of each case, including the strength of technical arguments, recent case law decisions or rulings on similar issues and relevant external advice. In accordance with IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments , provisions are estimated based on one of two methods: the expected value method (the sum of the probability weighted amounts in a range of possible outcomes) or the single most likely amount method. The method chosen depends on which is expected to better predict the resolution of the uncertainty. Due to the uncertainty associated with tax audits it is possible that, at some future date, liabilities resulting from such audits or related litigation could vary significantly from our provisions. This would require the Group to make an adjustment in a subsequent period which could have a material impact on the Group's results.

 

EU State Aid

The Group continues to monitor developments in relation to EU State Aid investigations. On 25 April 2019, the EU Commission's final decision regarding its investigation into the UK's Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) regime was published. It concluded that the Finance Company Partial Exemption (FCPE) rules in the UK tax legislation partially represent illegal State Aid. The Group had financing arrangements that recognise the FCPE during this period.

 

In December 2019 and the beginning of 2021, HMRC issued determinations to the Group totalling £10.5 million which the Group paid.

 

The Group, several other UK PLCs and the UK Government submitted appeals to the EU General Court to annul the EU Commission's findings. On 8 June 2022, the EU General Court rejected the appeals. The Group has appealed this decision to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). It will be some time before the issues are conclusively determined by the CJEU. Until then, the UK Government is required to continue recovering amounts determined to be State Aid.

 

The Group's view is that no provision is required. Additionally, and in accordance with IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments, the Group continues to recognise a receivable against the HMRC determinations paid to date of £10.5 million. The maximum potential exposure remains between nil and £65 million.

 

IRS Audit

The Group has been under audit in the USA by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in relation to the interest rate applied on certain cross border intercompany loans from the UK to the USA for the 2014-2021 period. During the year, the Group reached a settlement with the IRS on this matter for the 2014-2015 period. This resulted in additional tax of £1 million ($1 million) for this period and a £4 million ($5 million) increase in the uncertain tax liability resulting from the remeasurement of the open period.

 

HMRC audit of intellectual property valuation

HMRC is auditing the value of certain intellectual property purchased from Thomson Reuters as part of the formation of Refinitiv. Intellectual property valuation is complex and significantly affected by multiple inputs of assumptions. As the outcome is uncertain, especially given the inherent subjectivity of the topic, the Group has recorded an uncertain tax liability in accordance with the requirements of IFRS. Management believes that resolution of this matter will not have a material impact on the Group's financial position. Management and HMRC continue to actively discuss this topic.

 

Diverted Profits Tax to Thomson Reuters

HMRC continues to issue notices of assessment under the Diverted Profits Tax (DPT) regime to Thomson Reuters largely related to its Financial & Risk Business for years prior to the sale of the business to Refinitiv. As required by the notices and as directed by Thomson Reuters, the Group makes payments to HMRC which are immediately reimbursed by Thomson Reuters in accordance with an indemnity agreement. Thomson Reuters does not agree with the assessments and will continue to defend their position by contesting the assessments through all available administrative and judicial remedies.

 

Russian tax audit

The Group is under audit by the Russian Tax Authorities for the 2018-2020 period, which could result in additional taxes being paid locally. We do not agree with the Tax Authorities' view and will continue to defend our position through all available administrative and judicial remedies. We have recorded an uncertain tax liability in accordance with the requirements of IFRS. Management believes that resolution of this matter will not have a material impact on the Group's financial position.

 

1 Amounts presented exclude interest and penalties

 

 

9. Earnings per share

 

 

 

2022

 

2021

 

 

 

 

Re-presented

 

 

Continuing

Discontinued

Total

 

Continuing

Discontinued

Total

Basic earnings per share

 

141.8p

91.9p

233.8p

 

85.8p

495.9p

581.7p

Diluted earnings per share

 

141.1p

91.4p

232.5p

 

85.2p

492.9p

578.1p

Adjusted basic earnings per share

 

317.8p

10.6p

328.4p

 

272.4p

29.0p

301.4p

Adjusted diluted earnings per share

 

316.1p

10.5p

326.6p

 

270.7p

28.8p

299.5p






 




Profit and adjusted profit for the year attributable to the Company's equity holders

 

 

2022


2021

 

 

 

 

Re-presented

 

 

Continuing

Discontinued

Total


Continuing

Discontinued

Total

 

Note

£m

£m

£m

 

£m

£m

£m

Profit for the financial year attributable to the Company's equity holders


790  

512  

1,302  


461  

2,668  

3,129  

Adjustments:









- Total non-underlying items net of tax

6

1,049  

(453)

596  


1,092  

(2,511)

(1,419)

- Non-underlying items attributable to non-controlling interests


(69)

 -

(69)


(88)

(1)

(89)

Adjusted profit for the year attributable to the Company's equity holders

 

1,770  

59  

1,829  


1,465  

156  

1,621  

 

 

 

 

 





Weighted average number of shares

 

 


 

2022



 

2021

 

 

 

 

millions

 

 

 

Millions

Weighted average number of shares1

 

 

 

557  




538  

Effect of dilutive share options and awards


 

 

3  




3  

Diluted weighted average number of shares

 

 

 

560  




541  










1 The weighted average number of shares excludes those held in the Employee Benefit Trust.

 

 

10. Dividends

 

 

2022

2021

 

£m

£m

Final dividend for 31 December 2020 paid 26 May 2021: 51.7p per ordinary share

-

287

Interim dividend for 31 December 2021 paid 21 September 2021: 25.0p per ordinary share

-

139

Final dividend for 31 December 2021 paid 25 May 2022: 70.0p per ordinary share

390

-

Interim dividend for 31 December 2022 paid 20 September 2022: 31.7p per ordinary share

177

-

 

567

426




Dividends are only paid out of available distributable reserves of the Company.




The Board has proposed a final dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2022 of 75.3p per share, which amounts to an expected payment of £417 million on 24 May 2023. This is not reflected in the financial statements.

 

 

11. Business combinations

 

During the year, the Group acquired the businesses listed below. The results of the businesses have been consolidated since the date of acquisition.

· Global Data Consortium, Inc. (GDC)

· MayStreet Inc. (MayStreet)

· Tora Holdings, Inc. (TORA)

· Quantile Group Limited (Quantile)

 

Significant accounting estimates and assumptions

Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination

The fair value of acquired intangible assets (and therefore the resulting goodwill recognised on acquisition) is significantly affected by a number of factors. These include management's best estimates of future performance (i.e. forecast revenue, expected revenue attrition, forecast operating margin), any contributory assets changes and estimates of the return required to determine an appropriate discount rate (in order to calculate the net present value of the assets).

 

The purchase price allocations (PPAs) (shown in 11.2 below) have been prepared on a provisional basis in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations. If new information obtained within one year of the acquisition date, about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date, identifies adjustments to the amounts below or any additional provisions that existed at the date of acquisition, then the accounting for the acquisition will be revised.

 

 

11.1 Details of businesses acquired

Acquired business

Description of business

Reason for acquisition

Acquisition date

Voting equity interest acquired

Global Data Consortium, Inc. (GDC)

A global provider of high-quality identity verification data to support clients with Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements.

GDC's services are used within LSEG's Customer & Third-Party Risk Solutions business within the Data & Analytics division, to provide global digital identity verification to customers. Adding GDC to the Group's suite of digital identity solutions will enable the Group to continue to expand capabilities in this segment.

 

31 May 2022

89%1

MayStreet Inc. (MayStreet)

A market data solutions provider. MayStreet provides global low latency technology and market data to over 65 industry participants, including banks, asset managers and hedge funds.

The acquisition enhances the Group's Enterprise Data Solutions business, within the Data & Analytics division, expanding our capabilities across the latency spectrum through a global low latency network of over 300 cross asset, exchange and trading venue feeds. This broadens and complements our real-time feeds and historical market data value proposition.

31 May 2022

100%

Tora Holdings, Inc. (TORA)

A cloud-based technology provider that supports customers trading multiple asset classes across global markets. TORA's solutions include an order and execution management system (OEMS) and portfolio management system (PMS) for customers trading equities, fixed income, FX, derivatives and digital assets.

The transaction will further enhance the global footprint of the Group's Trading & Banking Solutions business, within the Data & Analytics division, with TORA's established presence in Asia and North America and operations in Europe. Our customers will benefit from a differentiated trading solution that combines the multi-asset class capabilities of TORA's software with the Group's rich data and analytics services.

9 August 2022

100%

Quantile Group Limited (Quantile)

A leading provider of portfolio, margin and capital optimisation and compression services for the global financial services market. Quantile is led by a team of industry experts with significant experience in risk management, quantitative analysis and trading technology.

Quantile's powerful optimisation engine provides advanced trade compression and risk rebalancing services to banks, hedge funds and other financial institutions trading OTC derivatives. Quantile will therefore complement our global OTC Derivatives clearing services, which provide risk management and capital efficiencies to customers. It will also allow the Group to expand its range of Post Trade risk management solutions through trade compression as well as capital and margin optimisation services.

30 November 2022

100%

 

1 Prior to the acquisition LSEG held an 11% interest in GDC and on 31 May 2022 recognised a £23 million non-underlying remeasurement gain on this investment in associate (see note 6).

 

 

11.2 Consideration transferred, assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and resulting goodwill

Goodwill arising from the acquisitions has been recognised as follows:

 

 

GDC

MayStreet

TORA

Quantile

Total

 

Note

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Purchase consideration


 

 

 

 

 

- Cash (including settlement of share options)


213  

153  

258  

162  

786  

- Fair value of previous interest held


28  

-  

-  

-  

28  

- Deferred consideration


-  

-  

-  

5  

5  

- Contingent consideration payable1


-  

-  

-  

38  

38  

Total purchase consideration


241  

153  

258  

205  

857  

Less: Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired


 

 

 

 

 

- Intangible assets: Customer and supplier relationships2

13

(67)

(28)

(49)

(44)

(188)

- Intangible assets: Software2

13

(28)

(39)

(47)

(35)

(149)

- Intangible assets: Licences2

13

-  

-  

(3)

-  

(3)

- Other non-current assets


-  

(1)

(3)

-  

(4)

- Cash and cash equivalents


(5)

(2)

(6)

(5)

(18)

- Other current assets


(4)

(3)

(7)

(9)

(23)

- Total liabilities, excluding deferred tax liabilities


4  

19  

6  

5  

34  

- Deferred tax liabilities3


12  

9  

24  

18  

63  

Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired


(88)

(45)

(85)

(70)

(288)

Goodwill

13

153  

108  

173  

135  

569  

Allocated to cash-generating unit


Data & Analytics

Data & Analytics

Data & Analytics

Post Trade


 

1 The contingent consideration payable is linked to performance targets of Quantile. The contingent consideration is calculated with reference to qualifying revenue and relevant valuation multiples which determines the payment, discounted to a present value. A 1% change in the discount rate applied would not have a material effect on the valuation of the payable.

2 The fair values of the net assets acquired were determined based on assumptions that reasonable market participants would use in the principal (or most advantageous) market and primarily included significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy). The following valuation methodologies were used to determine fair value:

· Customer relationships: multi-period excess earnings method (MEEM) (income approach)

· Supplier relationships: replacement cost approach

· Software: relief from royalty method (income approach)

· Licences: replacement cost approach

3 The deferred tax liability mainly comprises the tax effect of the intangible assets.

 

The goodwill is attributable to:

· growth in the underlying business;

· future data and technology not yet developed; and

· expected synergies which will drive growth in the combined business.

 

None of the goodwill recognised is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.



11.3 Revenue and profit contribution

 

 

 

 

 

 

From the respective acquisition dates, the acquired businesses contributed revenue and profit before tax as follows:







 

 

 

2022

 

 

 

GDC

MayStreet

TORA

Quantile

 

 

 

Seven months

Seven months

Five months

One month

 

 

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

 

Revenue

 

12

8  

12  

1

 

Adjusted EBITDA

 

4

2  

-  

-

 

Profit/(loss) before tax

 

-

(3)

(8)

-

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

If the acquisitions had all occurred on 1 January 2022, the acquired businesses would have contributed additional revenue and adjusted EBITDA as follows:

 

 

2022

 

 

LSEG

GDC

MayStreet

TORA

Quantile

 

 

Year ended 31 Dec

Five months ended 31 May

Five months ended 31 May

Seven months ended 31 Jul

11 months ended 30 Nov

Pro-forma

Group

Continuing

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Revenue

7,454

8

6  

36

11

7,515

Adjusted EBITDA

3,550

2

(11)

13

-

3,554



11.4 Acquisition-related costs, including employment-linked management incentive and earn-out arrangements

Acquisition-related costs are recognised as non-underlying transaction costs in the income statement (see note 6). The Group incurred acquisition-related costs (on advisor and professional fees and management incentive and retention costs) as follows:

 

 

GDC

MayStreet

TORA

Quantile

 

 

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

 

Advisor and professional fees

3

5

3

8

 

Employment-linked management incentive and earn-out arrangements1

 

-

22

3

-

 

Acquisition-related costs

 

3

27

6

8

 

 

1 As part of the MayStreet and TORA purchase agreements, employment-linked management retention incentives and earn-out arrangements have been agreed with the former founders and senior management. These arrangements are contingent on continuing employment, and will be:

· recognised as post-combination compensation over the arrangement period within salaries and other benefits in the income statement

· classified as non-underlying transaction costs

 

 

12. Disposal of businesses and discontinued operations

 

Disposal of BETA during the year ended 31 December 2022

On 21 March 2022, the disposal of BETA, Maxit and Digital Investor (collectively BETA) was assessed to be highly probable and it has been treated as a disposal group from that date. BETA provides back-office processing to the wealth management industry, including securities processing and tax reporting. BETA has also been treated as a discontinued operation as it represented a separate major line of business. Its results have been excluded from the continuing results of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2022. The results for the prior year have been re-presented to exclude the BETA results from the continuing operations of the Group.

 

On 1 July 2022, BETA was sold for total cash consideration of US$1.1 billion (£0.9 billion) to affiliates of Clearlake Capital Group, L.P. (Clearlake) and Motive Partners (Motive), realising a profit on disposal, after tax, of £0.5 billion. We announced that we have entered into a new long-term strategic partnership for data, content and tools with BETA and portfolio companies owned by Clearlake and Motive.

 

Disposal of the Borsa Italiana group during the year ended 31 December 2021

On 29 April 2021, the Group disposed of Borsa Italiana. It was presented as a discontinued operation and its results are excluded from the continuing operations of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2021. As part of the disposal agreement the Group continues to provide services to the Borsa Italiana group on an arm's length basis.

 

12.1 Profit and total comprehensive income from discontinued operations

 

 

 


Until the respective disposal dates, the profit and total comprehensive income from discontinued operations are as follows:

 

 

 

2022

2021

 

 

 

 

(Re-presented)

 

 

 

£m

£m

Profit from discontinued operations

 

 

 

 

BETA

 

 

512  

68  

Borsa Italiana group

 

 

-  

2,603  

Profit from discontinued operations


 

512  

2,671  

Other comprehensive loss of discontinued operations

 

 

 

 

Borsa Italiana group

 

 

-  

(105)

Other comprehensive loss from discontinued operations


 

-  

(105)

Total comprehensive income from discontinued operations


 

512  

2,566  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit and total comprehensive income from BETA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2022

2021

 

 

Note

£m

£m

Total income


 

132  

205  

Underlying cost of sales and operating expenses


 

(57)

(103)

Adjusted profit before tax


 

75  

102  

Non-underlying expenses


 

(1)

(9)

Profit before tax


 

74  

93  

Underlying tax


 

(16)

(27)

Non-underlying tax


 

-  

2  

Profit after tax of discontinued operation


 

58  

68  

Profit on disposal of discontinued operation, after tax (non-underlying)


12.2

454  

-  

Profit (and total comprehensive income) from discontinued operation


 

512  

68  

 

 

 

 

 

Profit and total comprehensive income from Borsa Italiana group

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2021

 

 

Note

 

£m

Total income


 


146  

Underlying cost of sales and operating expenses


 


(52)

Adjusted profit before tax


 


94  

Non-underlying expenses


 


(4)

Profit before tax


 


90  

Underlying tax


 


(9)

Non-underlying tax


 


3  

Profit after tax of discontinued operation


 


84  

Profit on disposal of discontinued operation (non-underlying)


12.2


2,519  

Profit from discontinued operation


 


2,603  

Other comprehensive income


 



Recycled from hedging reserve on disposal


 


17  

Net losses from debt instruments held at FVOCI


 


(10)

Foreign exchange losses on translation in the period


 


(53)

Cumulative foreign exchange adjustments recycled on disposal


 


(62)

Tax on items in other comprehensive income


 


3  

Other comprehensive loss from discontinued operations


 


(105)

Total comprehensive income from discontinued operations


 


2,498  

 


 

 

 

12.2 Profit on disposal of discontinued operations, after tax


 

 

 


 

 

2022

2021


 

 

BETA

Borsa Italiana group

 

 

 

£m

£m

Proceeds from disposal



903  

3,876  

Carrying value of cash disposed


 

-  

(284)

Proceeds from disposal, net of cash disposed


 

903  

3,592  

Carrying value of net assets disposed, excluding cash


 

(241)

(1,129)

Non-controlling interests disposed


 

-  

65  

Transaction costs


 

(44)

(46)

Other expenses


 

-  

(8)

Profit on disposal of discontinued operations, before tax and recycling of reserves


 

618  

2,474  

Recycling of cumulative foreign exchange translation reserve



-  

62  

Recycling of amounts held in hedging reserve



-  

(17)

Income tax on gain



(164)

-  

Profit on disposal of discontinued operations, after tax

 

 

454  

2,519  

 

 

 

 

 

12.3 Cash flows from discontinued operations


 

 

 


 

 

2022

2021

 

 

 

£m

£m

Operating activities


 

 

 

BETA


 

37  

87  

Borsa Italiana group


 

-  

23  

Net cash flows from operating activities


 

37  

110  

Investing activities


 

 


BETA


 

(16)

(30)

Borsa Italiana group


 

-  

(2)

Net cash flows from investing activities


 

(16)

(32)

Financing activities


 

 

 

Borsa Italiana group


 

-  

(6)

Net cash flows from financing activities


 

-  

(6)

Foreign exchange translation (of cash and cash equivalents)


 

-  

(10)

Net increase in cash from discontinued operations


 

21  

62



 

13. Intangible assets

 

Significant accounting estimates and assumptions

Intangible assets and goodwill form a significant part of the balance sheet and are key assets for the Group's businesses. See note 11 for the significant accounting estimates of intangible assets obtained through the purchase of subsidiaries.

 

Recoverable amounts of CGUs and intangible assets

The recoverable amounts of CGUs and intangible assets are based on value-in-use calculations. The value-in-use calculations use cash flow projections based on business plans prepared by management for the three-year period ending 31 December 2025. These use management's best estimate of future performance together with estimates of the return required by investors, which is used to determine an appropriate discount rate to derive the present value.

 

Estimated useful economic lives

Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful economic lives, being management's best estimate of the period over which value from the intangible assets is realised. In determining useful economic life, management considers a number of factors including: customer attrition rates; product upgrade cycles for software and technology assets; market participant perspectives of brands; and pace of change of regulation.

 

 

 

 


Purchased intangible assets



 

 

Goodwill1

Customer and supplier relationships

Brands

Databases and content

Software, licences and intellectual property

Software and other

Total

 

Notes

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

Cost

 






 


1 January 2021


2,402  

1,847  

953  

-  

569  

1,260  

7,031  

Intangible assets acquired on acquisition of subsidiaries


16,520  

7,455  

983  

2,398  

199  

1,608  

29,163  

Additions


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

642  

642  

Disposal of business (re-presented)1


(1,371)

(692)

(1)

-  

(66)

(181)

(2,311)

Disposals and write-off


-  

-  

-  

-  

(1)

(59)

(60)

Foreign exchange translation


(42)

111  

21  

36  

1  

(38)

89  

31 December 2021 (re-presented)1


17,509  

8,721  

1,956  

2,434  

702  

3,232  

34,554  

Intangible assets acquired on acquisition of subsidiaries

11.2

569  

188  

-  

3  

149  

-  

909  

Additions2


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

868  

868  

Disposal of business

12

-  

-  

(51)

-  

-  

(174)

(225)

Disposals and write-off


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

(70)

(70)

Foreign exchange translation


1,781  

1,016  

208  

297  

52  

273  

3,627  

31 December 2022

 

19,859  

9,925  

2,113  

2,734  

903  

4,129  

39,663  








 

 

Accumulated amortisation and impairment

 





 

 

1 January 2021


546  

868  

265  

-  

345  

683  

2,707  

Amortisation charge for the year


-  

491  

130  

220  

33  

425  

1,299  

Impairment


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

13  

13  

Disposal of business (re-presented)1


(498)

(409)

-  

-  

(58)

(139)

(1,104)

Disposals and write-off


-  

-  

-  

-  

(1)

(43)

(44)

Foreign exchange translation


(25)

6  

3  

4  

(4)

(25)

(41)

31 December 2021 (re-presented)1


23  

956  

398  

224  

315  

914  

2,830  

Amortisation charge for the year3


-  

590  

150  

232  

41  

587  

1,600  

Impairment4


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

11  

11  

Disposal of business

12

-  

-  

(4)

-  

-  

(31)

(35)

Disposals and write-off5


-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

(70)

(70)

Foreign exchange translation


7  

104  

40  

34  

11  

65  

261  

31 December 2022

 

30  

1,650  

584  

490  

367  

1,476  

4,597  










Net book values6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2022

 

19,829  

8,275  

1,529  

2,244  

536  

2,653  

35,066  

31 December 2021


17,486  

7,765  

1,558  

2,210  

387  

2,318  

31,724  










1 The prior year comparatives for cost and accumulated impairment of goodwill have both been re-presented by a reduction of £444 million to reflect the correct gross disposal of goodwill cost and accumulated impairment related to Borsa Italiana group. There is no impact on the net book value.

2 During the year, consideration for additions comprised £787 million (2021: £611 million) in cash, nil (2021: £2 million) of leased assets and £81 million (2021: £29 million) in accruals. During the year, the Group:

  • recognised additions of nil (2021: £2 million) as right-of-use assets, with a right-of-use assets amortisation charge of nil (2021: £6 million)

  • capitalised sales commissions paid to employees (contract costs) of £40 million (2021: £46 million).

3 Includes non-underlying amortisation of intangible assets of £1,044 million (2021: £851 million). Includes amortisation of £8 million related to discontinued operations (2021: £25 million).

4 Following a review of software assets in the year the Group recognised an £11 million impairment charge (2021: £13 million) in relation to assets with a recoverable amount less than the carrying value.

5 During the year the Group recognised disposals and write-offs of assets which are no longer in use of £70 million with nil net book value (2021: £60 million with £16 million net book value).

6 The £2,653 million (2021: £2,318 million) net book value of software and other intangibles, includes £647 million (2021: £447 million) of assets not yet brought into use. No amortisation has been charged on these assets and instead they are tested for impairment annually. At 31 December 2022, software and other net book value includes contract costs of £75 million (2021: £71 million).



Goodwill

 

Carrying value of goodwill allocated to each of the Group's CGUs and annual impairment test

Goodwill is allocated to and monitored by management at the level of the Group's four CGUs as set out below:

 

Net book value of goodwill

 

2022

2021

 

£m

£m

Data & Analytics1

14,414

12,771

Capital Markets, excluding Tradeweb

2

2

Tradeweb1

5,152

4,594

Post Trade1

261

119


19,829

17,486


1 Goodwill allocated to the Data & Analytics, Tradeweb and Post Trade CGUs include foreign exchange translation during the year of £1,209 million, £558 million and £7 million, respectively. The increase also reflects the acquisitions (see note 11).

 

Goodwill as at 31 December 2022 was tested for impairment. For each CGU, the estimated recoverable amount is higher than its carrying value (being the net book value as at 31 December 2022) and therefore no impairment was identified or recognised.

 

 

14. Borrowings and net debt

 

14.1 Borrowings

 

Group


2022

2021


£m

£m

Non-current

 


Bank borrowings - committed bank facilities and term loans1

(5)

1,347  

Bonds

6,860  

6,306  

Trade finance loans

1  

1  

Total non-current borrowings

6,856  

7,654  

 

 


Current

 


Bank borrowings - term loan

1,295  

-  

Total current borrowings

1,295  

-  

 

 

 

Total borrowings

8,151  

7,654  

 

 


Balances are shown net of capitalised arrangement fees. Where there are no amounts borrowed on a particular facility, this gives rise to a negative balance.

The Group has the following committed bank facilities, loans and unsecured bonds:


Maturity date

Facility/ bond

Carrying value

Interest rate


2022

2021


 

£m

£m

£m

%

Committed bank facilities



 



Multi-currency revolving credit facility

Dec 2024

1,425

(2)

(3)

see note2

Multi-currency revolving credit facility

Dec 2027

1,075

(3)

(3)

see note2

Total committed bank facilities1


2,500

(5)

(6)





 



Committed term loans



 



€500 million term loan

Dec 2023


-  

126  

EURIBOR + 0.725

$2,000 million term loan

Dec 2023


1,295  

1,227  

see note2

Total committed term loans



1,295  

1,353  





 



Bonds



 



$500 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2024

416

415  

369  

0.650

€500 million bond, issued September 2017

Sep 2024

444

443  

419  

0.875

€500 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2025

444

443  

419  

 -

$1,000 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2026

831

828  

738  

1.375

€500 million bond, issued December 2018

Dec 2027

444

441  

417  

1.750

€500 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2028

444

441  

417  

0.250

$1,000 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2028

831

828  

737  

2.000

€500 million bond, issued September 2017

Sep 2029

444

441  

417  

1.750

£500 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2030

500

494  

493  

1.625

$1,250 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2031

1,039

1,033  

919  

2.500

€500 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2033  

444

438  

413  

0.750  

$750 million bond, issued April 2021

Apr 2041  

623

615  

548  

3.200  

Total bonds


6,904

6,860  

6,306  


 



 



Trade finance loans

Nov 2025


1  

1  

7.274







Total committed facilities, loans and unsecured bonds

 


8,151  

7,654  



1 Negative balances represent the value of unamortised arrangement fees

2 As part of the IBOR Reform, a Credit Adjustment Spread (CAS) has been applied where US dollar and sterling LIBOR rates were replaced with SOFR and SONIA rates respectively in the bank facilities. The CAS is variable and depends on the tenor and currency of the borrowings

 

Committed bank facilities : Multi-currency revolving credit facilities

In December 2020, the Group arranged a £1,075 million syndicated committed facility maturing in December 2025, which replaced a former £600 million facility. In December 2022, the second of two 1-year extension options was taken up (first option exercised in December 2021), extending the maturity to December 2027. The Group continues to have access to a £1,425 million Revolving Credit Facility, which became effective in January 2021 and matures in December 2024. The revolving credit facilities were drawn down during the year and fully repaid as at 31 December 2022.

 

Committed term loans

The term loans were fully drawn in January 2021. During the year the Euro term loan was fully repaid and the US Dollar term loan was partly repaid by US$100 million (2021: repayments of €350 million and US$340 million, respectively). The increase in the carrying value of the US Dollar term loan compared with last year reflects the impact of foreign exchange movements.

 

Commercial paper

During the year the Group maintained its Euro Commercial Paper Programme limit of £1 billion and entered into a US Commercial Paper Programme with a limit of $1 billion. There were no outstanding issuances at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.

 

Other Group facilities

In accordance with the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures, the International Organisation of Securities Commissions and Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures, many central banks allow CCPs to apply for access to certain central bank facilities. LCH SA has a French banking licence and is able to access financing at the French Central Bank and at the European Central Bank to support its liquidity position. LCH Ltd is deemed to have sufficient fungible liquid assets to maintain an appropriate liquidity position and has direct access to central bank facilities to support its liquidity risk management in accordance with the requirements under European Market Infrastructure Regulation.

 

In addition, a number of Group entities have access to uncommitted operational, money market and overdraft facilities which support post trade activities and day-to-day liquidity requirements. These facilities were drawn down during the year and fully repaid as at 31 December 2022.

 

14.2 Net debt

Net debt comprises cash and cash equivalents less lease liabilities and interest-bearing loans and borrowings, adjusted for derivative financial instruments.



Group

 


2022

2021

 

Note

£m

£m

Current




Cash and cash equivalents


3,209  

2,665  

Bank borrowings

14.1

(1,295)

-  

Lease liabilities


(139)

(168)

Derivative financial assets


36  

25  

Derivative financial liabilities


(9)

(7)

Total due within one year


1,802  

2,515  


 


Bank borrowings

14.1

5  

(1,347)

Bonds

14.1

(6,860)

(6,306)

Trade finance loans

14.1

(1)

(1)

Lease liabilities


(533)

(547)

Derivative financial assets


12  

2  

Derivative financial liabilities


(87)

(45)

Total due after one year


(7,464)

(8,244)

Net debt


(5,662)

(5,729)

 

15. Financial assets and financial liabilities

 

15.1 Financial assets


Group


Amortised cost

FVOCI

FVPL

Total

31 December 2022

£m

£m

£m

£m

Clearing business financial assets1




 

- Clearing member trading assets

1,997

-

661,370

663,367

- Other receivables from clearing members

5,945

-

-

5,945

- Other financial assets2

-

18,415

-

18,415

- Clearing member cash and cash equivalents2

104,707

-

-

104,707

Total clearing member assets

112,649

18,415

661,370

792,434

Trade and other receivables

1,344

-

12

1,356

Cash and cash equivalents

3,209

-

-

3,209

Investments in financial assets - debt instruments

-

226

-

226

Investments in financial assets - equity instruments

-

394

-

394

Derivative financial instruments

-

-

48

48

Total financial assets

117,202

19,035

661,430

797,667

 

1 At 31 December 2022, there are no provisions for expected credit losses in relation to any of the CCP businesses' financial assets held at amortised cost or FVOCI (2021: nil). The Group closely monitors its CCP investment portfolio and invests only in government debt and other collateralised instruments where the risk of loss is minimal. There was no increase in credit risk in the year and none of the assets are past due (2021: nil).

2 Clearing member cash and cash equivalents represents amounts received from the clearing members to cover initial and variation margins, and default fund contributions that are not invested in bonds. These amounts are deposited with banks, including central banks, or invested securely in short-term reverse repurchase contracts (reverse repos).  Other financial assets represent the CCP investment in government bonds.

 


Group


Amortised cost

FVOCI

FVPL

Total

31 December 2021

£m

£m

£m

£m

Clearing business financial assets





- Clearing member trading assets

1,476

-

645,587

647,063

- Other receivables from clearing members

4,184

-

-

4,184

- Other financial assets

-

13,784

-

13,784

- Clearing member cash and cash equivalents

83,795

-

-

83,795

Total clearing member assets

89,455

13,784

645,587

748,826

Trade and other receivables

1,020

-

6

1,026

Cash and cash equivalents

2,665

-

-

2,665

Investments in financial assets - equity instruments

-

351

-

351

Derivative financial instruments

-

-

27

27

Total financial assets

93,140

14,135

645,620

752,895



 

15.2 Financial liabilities


Group


Amortised cost

FVPL

Total

31 December 2022

£m

£m

£m

Clearing business financial liabilities



 

- Clearing member trading liabilities

1,997

661,370

663,367

- Other payables to clearing members

129,227

-

129,227

Total clearing member financial liabilities

131,224

661,370

792,594

Trade and other payables

3,211

38

3,249

Borrowings

8,151

-

8,151

Derivative financial instruments

-

96

96

Total financial liabilities

142,586

661,504

804,090

 

 

 

Group


Amortised cost

FVPL

Total

31 December 2021

£m

£m

£m

Clearing business financial liabilities



 

- Clearing member trading liabilities

1,476

645,587

647,063

- Other payables to clearing members

101,581

-

101,581

Total clearing member financial liabilities

103,057

645,587

748,644

Trade and other payables

2,727

-

2,727

Borrowings

7,654

-

7,654

Derivative financial instruments

-

52

52

Total financial liabilities

113,438

645,639

759,077

 

 

16. Share capital, share premium and other reserves

 

Ordinary share capital issued and fully paid

 

 

 

 

Number of shares

Ordinary share capital1

Share premium2

Total

 

 

 

 

millions

£m

£m

£m

1 January 2021




351  

24

971

995

Acquisition of subsidiaries




204  

15

-

15

Issue of shares to the Employee Benefit Trust3




2  

-

7

7

31 December 2021




557  

39

978

1,017

Issue of shares to the Employee Benefit Trust3

 

 


1  

-

-

-

Share buyback4

 

 


(4)

-

-

-

31 December 2022

 

 

 

554

39

978

1,017


 

 






1 Ordinary share capital consists of ordinary shares of 6 79/86 pence

2 Share premium is the amount subscribed for share capital in excess of par value

3 The Board approved the allotment and issue of 883,174 ordinary shares at par to the EBT (2021: 1,368,896 ordinary shares at par and 177,894 at a weighted average price of £35.74) to settle employee share plans. A share premium of nil (2021: £7 million) has been recognised in the year in respect of these.

4 At 31 December 2022, the Group held 3,797,344 (2021: nil) treasury shares which were acquired as part its of its share buyback programme









Share buyback programme








In August 2022, the Company launched a £750 million share buyback programme which will be phased over multiple tranches over a 12 month period. During the year, the Company repurchased 3.8 million of its own shares from the market for £300 million, which are being held as treasury shares. Total costs directly attributable to the share buyback programme was £3 million. The consideration paid and costs incurred have been deducted from retained earnings.









The Company entered into an irrevocable commitment with its corporate brokers to repurchase shares as part of tranche two of the programme, which in part covers the close period from 1 January 2023 up to the announcement of the Group's full year results. At 31 December 2022, the remaining obligation in relation to the share purchase was £200 million and is presented within trade and other payables. See note 18 for shares repurchased after the reporting date.


Other reserves

 

 






 

 

Merger relief reserve1

Capital redemption reserve2

Reverse acquisition reserve3

Hedging reserve4

Foreign exchange translation reserve5

Total

 

 

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

£m

1 January 2021


1,305

514

(512)

(110)

608  

1,805  

Acquisition of subsidiaries


16,981

-

-  

-  

-  

16,981  

Amounts recycled on disposal


-

-

-  

17  

(62)

(45)

Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations


-

-

-  

-  

(41)

(41)

Amount recycled to income statement


-

-

-  

(2)

-  

(2)

Changes in fair value recognised


-

-

-  

109  

-  

109  

31 December 2021


18,286

514

(512)

14  

505  

18,807  

Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

 

-

-

-  

-  

2,448  

2,448  

Amount recycled to income statement


-

-

-  

(3)

-  

(3)

Changes in fair value recognised


-

-

-  

(113)

-  

(113)

31 December 2022

 

18,286

514

(512)

(102)

2,953  

21,139  

 

1 The merger relief reserve is a potentially distributable reserve arising as a result of shares issued to acquire subsidiaries. The Group applied merger relief, as required by section 612 of the Companies Act 2006, to the issue of shares by the Company to acquire Refinitiv. The Group acquired a 100% equity holding in Refinitiv and recognised the excess of the fair value above the nominal share capital issued in the merger relief reserve and retained earnings.

2 The capital redemption reserve was set up as a result of a court approved capital reduction scheme and is non-distributable.

3 The reverse acquisition reserve arose as a result of the acquisition of London Stock Exchange Plc in 2007. It is recognised on consolidation as a result of a capital reduction scheme and is non-distributable.

4 The hedging reserve represents the cumulative fair value adjustments recognised in respect of net investment and cash flow hedges entered into in accordance with hedge accounting principles. It is distributable under certain circumstances. Net gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and balances remain in equity until both the hedging instrument and the underlying instrument are derecognised. Gains realised on cash flow hedges during the year are amortised through the income statement over the life of the underlying instrument. During the year £3 million (2021: £2 million) was recycled back through the income statement.

5 The foreign exchange translation reserve records the cumulative impact of foreign exchange rate movements on the translation of non-sterling subsidiary companies into sterling. It is distributable under certain circumstances. Net gains and losses on translation are recognised in other comprehensive income and amounts remain in equity until the subsidiary is derecognised.

 

 

17. Commitments and contingencies

 

The Group has the following contracts in place for future expenditure which are not provided for in the consolidated financial statements:

Contract

Description

Minimum commitment

Agreement with Reuters News, entered into in 2018, for a 30-year term

To receive news and editorial content

Minimum CPI adjusted payment, which was US$360 million for 2022

10-year strategic partnership with Microsoft

To architect LSEG's data infrastructure using the Microsoft Cloud, and to jointly develop new products and services for data and analytics

Minimum cloud-related spend of US$2.8 billion over the term of the partnership

 

In the normal course of business, the Group can receive legal claims including, for example, in relation to commercial matters, service and product quality or liability, employee matters and tax audits. The Group is also involved in legal proceedings and actions, engagement with regulatory authorities and in dispute resolution processes. These are reviewed on a regular basis and, where possible, an estimate is made of the potential financial impact on the Group.

 

In some cases a provision is recognised based on advice, best estimates and management judgement. Where it is too early to determine the likely outcome of these matters, no provision is made. Whilst the Group cannot predict the outcome of any such current or future matters with any certainty, it currently believes the likelihood of any material liabilities to be low, and that these will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated income, financial position or cash flows.

 

 

18. Events after the reporting period

 

Acadia acquisition

On 19 December 2022, LSEG announced it has agreed to acquire Acadia Soft, Inc. (Acadia) a leading provider of automated uncleared margin processing and integrated risk and optimisation services for the global derivatives community. Acadia provides risk management, margining and collateral services to global financial institutions for the uncleared derivatives markets. Acadia's risk and margining products span all OTC derivative asset classes and provide direct connectivity to over 2,000 market participants.

 

LSEG has held a minority stake in Acadia since 2018. Following completion, Acadia will be part of LSEG's Post Trade division.

 

The purchase price consideration is $700 million (subject to customary adjustments) and the acquisition is expected to close in H1 2023, subject to regulatory approvals.

 

Share buyback programme

Since the reporting date, the Company repurchased 2.2 million of its own shares from the market for £159 million which are being held as treasury shares.

 

 

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