Interim Results - Part 2

Lloyds TSB Group PLC 27 July 2001 Part 2 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Insurance and Investments (the life, pensions and unit trust businesses of Scottish Widows and Abbey Life; general insurance underwriting and broking; and Scottish Widows Investment Partnership) Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Life, pensions and unit trusts Scottish Widows 335 211 418 Abbey Life 100 73 96 435 284 514 General insurance 341 287 300 Operating profit from Insurance* 776 571 814 Scottish Widows Investment Partnership 16 20 20 Total operating profit* 792 591 834 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (329) (38) (56) (page 41, note 5) Changes in economic assumptions - 127 - (page 42, note 6) Pension provision/stakeholder pension related charge - - (180) (page 42, note 7) * including 'normalised' investment returns based on long- term rates of investment return and excluding changes in the economic assumptions applied to our long-term assurance business, pension provision and stakeholder pension related charge. Operating profit, including investment returns based on long- term rates of investment return, from Insurance and Investments increased by 34 per cent to £792 million from £591 million. Profit before tax from our life and pensions business increased by £151 million, or 53 per cent, to £435 million, largely as a result of the inclusion of Scottish Widows for the full half- year, compared with only 4 months in the first half of 2000, and a benefit of £22 million largely as a result of the planned harmonisation of actuarial models between Scottish Widows and other Group life companies. Pre-tax profit from general insurance operations, comprising underwriting and broking, rose by £54 million, or 19 per cent, to £341 million, mainly as a result of continued strong revenue growth. The Group has maintained its position as the leading distributor of home insurance in the United Kingdom. Page 16 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Insurance and Investments (continued) Life, pensions and unit trusts Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m New business 149 100 181 Existing business 245 168 314 Investment earnings 123 90 122 Life and pensions distribution costs (116) (88) (137) 401 270 480 Unit trusts 96 73 84 Unit trust distribution costs (62) (59) (50) 34 14 34 Operating profit* 435 284 514 * including 'normalised' investment returns based on long- term rates of investment return (page 41, note 5) Over the last 12 months the growth in sales of Scottish Widows products has significantly exceeded overall market growth, and we expect to continue to grow market share for the remainder of 2001 and beyond. Scottish Widows are well on course to achieve the full synergy savings and financial projections identified following their acquisition in March 2000. On a pro-forma basis, including Scottish Widows sales figures for the full 6 months in the first half of last year, total sales from the Group's life, pensions and unit trust businesses were £2,501 million, an increase of 21 per cent compared with £2,072 million in the first half of 2000. Weighted sales were £395.8 million compared to £331.2 million in the first half of 2000. This 20 per cent increase reflects strong product sales increases in each of the distribution channels. There was strong growth in regular premium pension sales, boosted by the launch of stakeholder pensions. This contributed to a 47 per cent increase in overall regular premium product sales. Single premium life and pension product sales increased by 37 per cent and 48 per cent respectively and, despite a general decline in the unit trusts and Individual Savings Account (ISA) market, sales increased by 2 per cent. Scottish Widows was recently confirmed by the Association of Unit Trusts and Investment Funds providers (AUTIF) as the leading ISA provider in the UK. New business profits increased by 49 per cent and existing business profits rose by 46 per cent, partly as a result of the inclusion of Scottish Widows for the full half-year, compared with only 4 months in the first half of 2000. Page 17 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Insurance and Investments (continued) Existing business profits also benefited by £22 million, largely as a result of the planned harmonisation of actuarial models between Scottish Widows and other Group life companies. New business performance in the second half of 2000 was helped by the reinvestment of some demutualisation proceeds into company pension schemes. In addition, it is standard practice for life companies to regularly review the underlying assumptions that support the embedded value calculations, taking into account the latest experience in respect of customer lapse rates, expense inflation, investment mix, mortality rates and other similar items. It is our normal practice to undertake a full review in December each year, which has historically led to some profit and loss account benefit. In 2000 the review, together with some tax related adjustments, resulted in a benefit of some £100 million, on combined policyholders funds of over £50 billion. These issues broadly accounted for the decrease in profitability in the first half of 2001, compared to the second half of 2000, however the underlying profitability of Scottish Widows in the first half of 2001 improved by 3 per cent, compared to the second half of last year. Scottish Widows is well placed to take advantage of the opportunities in the stakeholder pensions market and has been designated as the stakeholder pensions provider for a number of associations and employers. This gives Scottish Widows access to more than 37,000 employers and 1,230,000 employees. Over the last 12 months the integration of Scottish Widows Investment Management and Hill Samuel Asset Management has been completed. The principal focus of Scottish Widows Investment Partnership (SWIP) is the delivery of consistent superior investment performance. Having recently completed a review of the investment philosophy, processes and systems, SWIP is now creating a strong platform from which to deliver this. Confidence in SWIP's ability to achieve this has been demonstrated by the gain in recent months of more than 25 new mandates covering a range of market sectors. Pre-tax profits from SWIP for the half-year were £16 million compared with £20 million in the first half of 2000, the reduction in profitability being driven by lower stockmarket levels and the loss of a number of mandates during the early period of business integration. At the end of the half-year SWIP had £84 billion of funds under management. In the second half of 2000, the Group's results were adversely affected by an increase in the pension provision of £100 million for redress to past purchasers of pension policies, which raised the total provisions made for this purpose to £902 million. At 30 June 2001 £776 million of the £902 million provision had been used. We remain satisfied that no further provision is required at this stage. In 1998, a provision was made within Abbey Life for liabilities under certain unit linked products with guaranteed annuity options written in the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s and at 30 June 2001 this provision was £122 million. As part of the acquisition of Scottish Widows by the Group in 2000, certain measures were taken to protect shareholders from any likely potential exposure to this issue. Scottish Widows has assets to match its liabilities in respect of guaranteed annuity options. Assets are held in such a way that should a change in interest rates cause the guaranteed liabilities to increase then the assets will also increase to reflect this. We continually review the position and are satisfied that no further provision is necessary. Page 18 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Insurance and Investments (continued) Pro-forma Half-year to Half-year Half-year to 30 June to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000* 2000 £m £m £m £m Total new business premium income Regular premiums: Life - mortgage related 11.3 11.1 12.4 12.5 - non-mortgage related 8.8 8.4 11.2 10.8 Pensions 104.0 46.5 59.4 58.7 Health 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 Total regular premiums 126.5 68.7 85.8 84.9 Single premiums: Life 721.0 437.8 524.6 758.7 Annuities 140.6 126.1 151.5 201.0 Pensions 383.0 140.3 202.4 690.5 Total single premiums 1,244.6 704.2 878.5 1,650.2 External unit trust sales: Regular payments 35.4 50.6 52.0 40.3 Single amounts 1,094.6 1,003.8 1,055.8 895.3 Total external unit trust sales 1,130.0 1,054.4 1,107.8 935.6 Weighted sales (regular+ 1/10 single) Life, pensions and unit trusts 395.8 290.1 331.2 379.8 Weighted sales by distribution channel: Branch network 206.0 177.1 177.1 176.2 Independent financial advisers 140.2 85.8 111.6 169.1 Direct 49.6 27.2 42.5 34.5 Life, pensions and unit trusts 395.8 290.1 331.2 379.8 Group funds under £bn £bn £bn management Scottish Widows Investment Partnership 84 89 87 UK Private Banking 12 12 12 International 21 25 23 117 126 122 * The Group disposed of the new business capability of Abbey Life on 1 February 2000, weighted sales totalling £5.9 million are excluded from first half of 2000 comparatives. Page 19 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Insurance and Investments (continued) General Insurance Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Premium income from underwriting Creditor 56 69 57 Home 132 108 120 Health 22 26 24 Re-insurance premiums (4) (3) (2) 206 200 199 Commissions from insurance broking Creditor 149 105 120 Home 18 17 17 Health 9 10 9 Other 84 59 61 260 191 207 Operating profit* 341 287 300 * including 'normalised' investment returns based on long- term rates of investment return (page 41, note 5) Operating profit, excluding short-term fluctuations in investment returns, from general insurance operations, comprising underwriting and broking, rose by £54 million, or 19 per cent, to £341 million. Income from creditor insurance increased by 18 per cent, reflecting higher personal sector loan volumes. Sales of household policies increased by 17 per cent. The overall increase in sales, together with renewal business, produced a 36 per cent increase in commission income from broking and a 3 per cent increase in earned premium income from underwriting. Investment income increased by 7 per cent to £32 million. Claims were £6 million, or 8 per cent, higher at £77 million than in the first half of last year and the overall claims ratio of 37 per cent was slightly higher than in the first half of 2000 (35 per cent). This reflected higher property claims in line with rising volumes of new business, partly offset by lower unemployment claims. Page 20 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Wholesale Markets (banking, treasury, large value lease finance, long-term agricultural finance, share registration, venture capital, factoring and invoice discounting, and other related services for major UK and multinational companies, banks and financial institutions, and medium-sized UK businesses; and Lloyds TSB Asset Finance). Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Net interest income 503 425 475 Other income 447 277 344 Total income 950 702 819 Operating expenses 431 287 380 Trading surplus 519 415 439 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts 68 34 60 Amounts written off fixed asset investments 6 4 10 Profit before tax 445 377 369 Efficiency ratio 45.4% 40.9% 46.4% Total assets (period-end) £75.9bn £61.7bn £65.7bn Total risk-weighted assets (period-end) £41.9bn £32.1bn £36.5bn Wholesale Markets pre-tax profit increased by £68 million, or 18 per cent, to £445 million. Provisions for bad and doubtful debts increased by £34 million to £68 million. Total assets increased by 23 per cent and risk-weighted assets grew by 31 per cent as a result of strong asset growth in Corporate and Commercial Banking and the inclusion of Chartered Trust from September 2000. The acquisition of Chartered Trust had a significant impact on the results of Wholesale Markets. In the first half of 2001 Chartered Trust contributed £53 million net interest income, after funding costs of £13 million, £89 million other income, £116 million operating expenses, provisions for bad and doubtful debts of £20 million and £6 million profit before tax. Corporate and Commercial Banking's continuing focus on quality income growth ensured another strong performance. The charge for bad and doubtful debt provisions remained at a low level but was higher than in the first half of last year, which benefited from a number of releases and recoveries. In the first half of 2001 Lloyds TSB was the number one arranger of syndicated loans for large UK companies. Lloyds TSB Leasing maintained its position as the largest 'big ticket' leasing company in the UK and Lloyds TSB Registrars had another very successful half-year with income growing by 18 per cent and pre-tax profit by 16 per cent to £29 million. At the end of the half-year our registration market share of FTSE 100 companies stood at 60 per cent and market leadership has been established in the fast growing and important market for employee share administration services. Page 21 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Wholesale Markets (continued) Lloyds TSB Development Capital had a good half-year, higher realisations of venture capital investment gains contributed to an increase in pre-tax profits from £8 million in the first half of 2000 to £32 million in the first half of 2001. The Agricultural Mortgage Corporation continued to expand its activity in the provision of long-term finance to farmers. Our Treasury achieved good income growth compared with the first half of 2000 when higher short-dated funding costs reduced income opportunities. The Group's activity in the derivative markets continues to remain focused on straight cash based products, but increasingly we are participating in equity linked and interest rate options markets in support of other areas of the Group, to assist risk management and product development. On 1 September 2000 Chartered Trust joined the Group and has now combined with Lloyds UDT to create Lloyds TSB Asset Finance and consolidate the Group's position as market leader in the independent provision of motor finance with a growing market share. Lloyds TSB is also one of the leading contract hire providers in the UK. In addition, we are now beginning to sell new and used cars to our 16 million retail customers. After a difficult period during 2000 and early 2001, the motor market has started to show signs of recovery and we anticipate higher levels of market activity in the second half of 2001 and beyond. Trading conditions have been in line with our expectations at the time of the acquisition and we are on track to achieve our financial projections and anticipated cost synergies. Page 22 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL International Banking (banking and financial services overseas in four main areas: The Americas, New Zealand, Europe and Offshore Banking; and Emerging Markets Debt) Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000* 2000* £m £m £m Net interest income 384 380 373 Other income 234 226 218 Total income 618 606 591 Operating expenses 285 293 294 Trading surplus 333 313 297 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts 57 34 81 Amounts written off fixed asset investments - 18 - Profit before tax 276 261 216 Efficiency ratio 46.1% 48.3% 49.7% Total assets (period-end) £21.3bn £19.6bn £19.6bn Total risk-weighted assets (period-end) £13.4bn £12.1bn £12.4bn * restated for the effect of FRS 18 (page 40, note 1) International Banking pre-tax profit was £15 million, or 6 per cent, higher at £276 million compared with the first half of 2000. Excluding the EMD portfolio, pre-tax profit from International Banking represented 9 per cent of Group pre-tax profit of which 4 per cent related to our New Zealand business, 4 per cent to our Europe and offshore banking operations and 1 per cent to Latin America. Profits from New Zealand in local currency terms increased by 20 per cent as a result of asset growth across all business sectors, growth in the number of personal customers and high retail deposits. After adjusting for exchange rate movements, pre-tax profits from The National Bank of New Zealand increased by 10 per cent to £88 million. Our consumer finance business in Brazil, Losango Consumer Finance, made a pre-tax profit of £22 million, unchanged from the first half of 2000. International private banking and the Group's offshore banking operations continued to perform well despite difficult equity market conditions. The Emerging Markets Debt portfolio contributed £65 million compared with a contribution of £39 million in the first half of 2000. Following the implementation of Financial Reporting Standard 18 (page 40, note 1) certain holdings of uncollateralised bonds have been reclassified as debt securities. Based on secondary market prices, the surplus of market value over the restated net book value of the Emerging Markets Debt investment portfolio was more than £400 million (December 2000 restated: £400 million). Page 23 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Central group items (earnings on surplus capital, central costs and other unallocated items) Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Accrual for payment to Lloyds TSB Foundations (19) (18) (16) Earnings on surplus capital, central costs and other unallocated items (10) 25 (109) (29) 7 (125) Abbey National offer costs (16) - - The four independent Lloyds TSB Foundations support registered charities throughout the UK that enable people, particularly disabled and disadvantaged people, to play a fuller role in society. The Foundations receive 1 per cent of the Group's pre- tax profit, averaged over 3 years, instead of the dividend on their shareholdings, making them the biggest independent grant giving body in the UK. In the first half of 2001 the Group accrued £19 million for payment to the Lloyds TSB Foundations, compared with an accrual of £18 million in the first half of 2000. Earnings on surplus capital, central costs and other unallocated items, was £35 million lower than the first half of 2000, which benefited from the high levels of surplus capital built up ahead of the Scottish Widows acquisition and a lower funding cost relating to its acquisition midway through the first half of last year. Compared to the second half of 2000 there was an improvement of £99 million partly as a result of surplus capital starting to build up and as Group capital benefited from changes in the interest rate yield curve. Page 24 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL INCOME Group net interest income Group net interest income increased by £71 million, or 3 per cent, to £2,382 million, despite a reduction of £14 million caused by a 3 basis point reduction in the underlying net interest margin. Average interest-earning assets increased by 9 per cent to £141 billion. There was further growth in mortgages and other customer lending in the UK. The net interest margin decreased to 3.41 per cent, a reduction of 18 basis points. The impact of the funding cost of Scottish Widows represented 15 basis points of this 18 basis point reduction, with the residual 3 basis point decrease in the margin reflecting the increasingly competitive operating environment. Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Net interest income 2,382 2,311 2,276 Average balances Short-term liquid assets 3,066 2,176 1,945 Loans and advances 130,681 119,770 124,709 Debt securities 6,939 7,548 5,879 Total interest-earning assets 140,686 129,494 132,533 Financed by: Interest-bearing liabilities 128,552 115,909 120,760 Interest-free liabilities 12,134 13,585 11,773 Average rates % % % Gross yield on interest- earning assets 8.38 8.32 8.55 Cost of interest-bearing liabilities 5.44 5.28 5.64 Interest spread 2.94 3.04 2.91 Contribution of interest-free liabilities 0.47 0.55 0.51 Net interest margin 3.41 3.59 3.42 Net interest margin, excluding funding cost of Scottish Widows 3.68 3.71 3.68 Note: Payments made under cash gift and discount mortgage schemes are amortised over the early redemption charge period, being a maximum of 5 years. If these incentives had been fully written off as incurred, group and domestic net interest income would have been £13 million lower in the first half of 2001 (2000: first half £38 million lower, second half £27 million lower). The deferred element of the expenditure amounting to £255 million at 30 June 2001 (30 June 2000: £215 million, 31 December 2000: £242 million) is included within prepayments and accrued income in the balance sheet. Page 25 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Domestic net interest income Domestic net interest income increased by £41 million, or 2 per cent, to £2,031 million, notwithstanding a reduction of £11 million caused by a 5 basis point reduction in the underlying net interest margin. This represents 85 per cent of total group net interest income. Average interest-earning assets increased by 9 per cent to £118 billion. There was further growth in mortgages and other customer lending. The net interest margin decreased by 21 basis points to 3.47 per cent, again partly reflecting the funding cost of Scottish Widows, which caused a reduction of 16 basis points. In addition, the increasingly competitive operating environment, particularly for retail lending, caused an underlying reduction of 5 basis points in the net interest margin. Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Net interest income 2,031 1,990 1,966 Average balances Short-term liquid assets 1,597 820 852 Loans and advances 113,394 103,247 108,437 Debt securities 3,113 4,783 2,991 Total interest-earning assets 118,104 108,850 112,280 Financed by: Interest-bearing liabilities 107,639 96,599 101,813 Interest-free liabilities 10,465 12,251 10,467 Average rates % % % Gross yield on interest- earning assets 7.86 8.02 8.12 Cost of interest-bearing liabilities 4.82 4.90 5.12 Interest spread 3.04 3.12 3.00 Contribution of interest-free liabilities 0.43 0.56 0.48 Net interest margin 3.47 3.68 3.48 Net interest margin, excluding funding cost of Scottish Widows 3.78 3.83 3.80 Page 26 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL International net interest income Net interest income from international operations increased by £30 million, or 9 per cent, to £351 million. This represents 15 per cent of total group net interest income. Average interest-earning assets on a local currency basis increased by 13 per cent, helped by growth in our New Zealand mortgage portfolio, but this increase was partly offset by the effect of exchange rate movements. Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Net interest income 351 321 310 Average balances Short-term liquid assets 1,469 1,356 1,093 Loans and advances 17,287 16,523 16,272 Debt securities 3,826 2,765 2,888 Total interest-earning assets 22,582 20,644 20,253 Financed by: Interest-bearing liabilities 20,913 19,310 18,947 Interest-free liabilities 1,669 1,334 1,306 Average rates % % % Gross yield on interest- earning assets 11.10 9.88 10.93 Cost of interest-bearing liabilities 8.60 7.22 8.43 Interest spread 2.50 2.66 2.50 Contribution of interest-free liabilities 0.63 0.47 0.54 Net interest margin 3.13 3.13 3.04 Page 27 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Other income Other income increased by £434 million, or 23 per cent, to £2,329 million. This represented 49 per cent of total income. Excluding the impact of the Chartered Trust acquisition and a full 6 months of Scottish Widows income compared with 4 months in the first half of 2000, other income increased by £301 million, or 17 per cent, to £2,033 million. Fees and commissions receivable increased by 9 per cent reflecting increased business volumes and strong growth in income from insurance broking. Other UK fees and commissions increased by 8 per cent, as a result of growth in all core UK businesses and the impact of the acquisition of Scottish Widows. Fees and commissions payable increased by £48 million against the first half of 2000, largely as a result of the impact of the Chartered Trust acquisition. Income from long-term assurance business increased by £134 million, as a result of the impact of the acquisition of Scottish Widows. Other operating income increased to £392 million from £188 million in the first half of 2000. This reflects an increase in income from operating lease rentals, partly as a result of the acquisition of Chartered Trust, from £44 million in the first half of 2000 to £156 million in the first half of 2001. There were also increases in the realisation of venture capital gains within Lloyds TSB Development Capital and higher earnings on the sale of Emerging Market Debt investments. Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Fees and commissions receivable: UK current account fees 300 319 310 Other UK fees and commissions 613 565 606 Insurance broking 260 191 207 Card services 166 140 164 International fees and commissions 130 133 133 1,469 1,348 1,420 Fees and commissions payable (271) (223) (256) Dealing profits (before expenses): Foreign exchange trading income 73 71 70 Securities and other gains 58 43 41 131 114 111 Income from long-term assurance business 402 268 467 General insurance premium income 206 200 199 Other operating income 392 188 248 Total other income 2,329 1,895 2,189 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (329) (38) (56) Changes in economic assumptions - 127 - Pension provision/stakeholder pension related charge - - (180) Page 28 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL OPERATING EXPENSES Operating expenses Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Administrative expenses: Staff: Salaries and profit sharing 858 803 823 National insurance 71 65 66 Pensions (55) (51) (54) Restructuring 7 13 34 Other staff costs 92 86 103 973 916 972 Premises and equipment: Rent and rates 129 122 125 Hire of equipment 9 13 13 Repairs and maintenance 58 53 62 Other 55 48 61 251 236 261 Other expenses: Communications and external data processing 231 202 192 Advertising and promotion 89 87 80 Professional fees 51 50 76 Other 190 151 155 561 490 503 Total administrative expenses 1,785 1,642 1,736 Depreciation 259 154 210 Amortisation of goodwill 19 6 16 Total operating expenses 2,063 1,802 1,962 Efficiency ratio 43.8% 42.8% 43.9% Exceptional restructuring costs 54 74 114 Abbey National offer costs 16 - - Total operating expenses, on a business as usual basis, increased by £261 million, or 14 per cent compared with the first half of 2000. On a like-for-like basis, excluding increased costs following the acquisitions of Scottish Widows and Chartered Trust of £146 million, operating lease depreciation of £47 million (2000 first half: £29 million), and additional investments in revenue growth businesses, e- commerce and real-time retail banking of £155 million (2000 first half: £79 million), costs increased by 2 per cent to £1,715 million, from £1,677 million in the first half of last year. Much of this increase has funded the 15 per cent growth in sales volumes achieved in the first half of 2001. Page 29 of 45 LLOYDS TSB GROUP - BUSINESS AS USUAL Operating expenses (continued) Half-year to Half-year to 30 June 31 December 2001 2000 2000 £m £m £m Business as usual operating expenses 2,063 1,802 1,962 Acquisitions/Operating lease depreciation (193) (46) (136) 1,870 1,756 1,826 Incremental new revenue investment (155) (79) (145) Underlying operating expenses 1,715 1,677 1,681 The management of day-to-day operating costs continues to have a strong emphasis in the Group, whilst at the same time we are investing heavily in many key future growth areas of our business. Our investments in e-commerce, wealth management, and customer relationship management and segmentation programmes will improve the quality of our sales and service and improve our revenue growth prospects in 2001 and beyond. In the first half of 2001, this incremental new revenue investment totalled £155 million and we expect this to be approximately £300 million for the full year 2001. In 2002 and beyond we expect the level of this new revenue investment to reduce. The exceptional restructuring costs of £54 million in support of the group efficiency programme comprise mainly severance, software and consultancy costs and the write-down of equipment. In 2001 we expect full-year exceptional restructuring costs to total about £200 million. Overall, the individual programmes associated with these costs are expected to achieve payback within 3 years. Our strict focus on cost management, combined with the group efficiency programme which is now beginning to deliver substantial benefits, means that we expect business as usual costs in the second half will grow significantly more slowly than in the first half. Going forward we expect business as usual costs to grow at a slower rate than our business as usual revenues. The efficiency ratio was 43.8 per cent, compared with 42.8 per cent in the first half of 2000, primarily as a result of the incremental investments in support of our growth strategies, and the acquisition of Chartered Trust. Page 30 of 45 MORE TO FOLLOW
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