Interim Results - Part 2.

Enterprise Oil PLC 6 September 2001 PART 2 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 (Restated) (Restated) (Note 1) £m £m £m Turnover (note 2) 803.7 835.1 1,841.2 Cost of sales (note 3) (270.5) (318.6) (641.1) Gross profit 533.2 516.5 1,200.1 Exploration costs (45.8) (20.7) (68.0) Administrative and selling expenses (24.6) (18.4) (36.0) Group operating profit 462.8 477.4 1,096.1 Share of operating profit of associate 2.2 - 0.2 Total operating profit 465.0 477.4 1,096.3 Income from fixed asset investments 0.3 0.5 0.7 Gain on sales of oil and gas assets 0.2 1.0 0.7 Interest receivable and similar income (note 4) 40.3 19.3 42.1 Interest payable and similar charges (note 4) (30.2) (41.7) (80.5) Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 475.6 456.5 1,059.3 Tax on profit on ordinary activities (note 5) (271.7) (294.8) (651.9) Profit on ordinary activities after taxation 203.9 161.7 407.4 Dividends - preference shares (non-equity) - (4.0) (6.0) Dividends - ordinary shares (15.0) (14.5) (38.9) Preference share redemption costs - - (1.8) Retained profit for the period 188.9 143.2 360.7 Basic earnings per ordinary share (note 6) 42.3p 32.3p 82.0p Diluted earnings per ordinary share 41.5p 32.0p 81.1p Adjusted earnings per ordinary share 42.3p 41.1p 90.2p Dividends per ordinary share 3.15p 3.0p 8.0p The results for the six months ended 30 June 2000 and the year ended 31 December 2000 have been restated for the effects of applying FRS 19 'Deferred Tax' (note 1). The results for the six months ended 30 June 2000 include an exceptional charge in costs of sales, relating to a ceiling test write-down of £42.9 million. For the year ended 31 December 2000, the exceptional charge was £40.2 million (note 3). All items dealt with in arising at operating profit relate to continuing operations. Group Balance Sheet 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 (Restated) (Restated) (Note 1) £m £m £m Fixed assets Intangible assets (note 7) 240.9 232.6 206.5 Tangible assets (note 7) 2,358.1 2,178.1 2,232.8 Investments: Investment in associate 37.8 17.8 34.7 Other investments 77.2 54.8 51.3 Total investments 115.0 72.6 86.0 2,714.0 2,483.3 2,525.3 Current assets Stock 16.9 14.8 15.9 Debtors 287.7 276.9 252.9 Investments (liquid resources) 699.1 632.4 690.6 Cash at bank and in hand 169.2 102.1 142.7 1,172.9 1,026.2 1,102.1 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year (791.0) (683.8) (720.1) Net current assets 381.9 342.4 382.0 Total assets less current liabilities 3,095.9 2,825.7 2,907.3 Creditors: amounts falling due after more than (1,132.3) (1,180.0) (1,106.0) one year Provisions for liabilities and charges (704.0) (677.3) (703.2) Net assets 1,259.6 968.4 1,098.1 Capital and reserves Called up share capital 123.1 198.9 124.7 Reserves 1,136.5 769.5 973.4 1,259.6 968.4 1,098.1 Analysis of shareholders' funds Equity 1,259.6 894.1 1,098.1 Non-equity - 74.3 - 1,259.6 968.4 1,098.1 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 £m £m £m Cash flow from operating activities (note 9 (i)) 690.5 601.0 1,445.3 Returns on investments and servicing of finance (30.7) (39.8) (76.5) (note 9 (iii)) Taxation (note 9 (iv)) (295.7) (57.8) (318.0) Operating cash flow after tax and finance costs 364.1 503.4 1,050.8 Capital expenditure and financial investment - capital expenditure (note 9 (v)) (237.0) (137.2) (409.9) - financial investment (28.2) (19.3) (17.1) Acquisitions - - (17.7) Equity dividends paid (24.2) (22.0) (37.1) Cash flow before management of liquid resources 74.7 324.9 569.0 and financing Management of liquid resources - (324.6) (383.9) Financing - issue of shares 1.5 1.0 2.6 Financing - increase (decrease) in debt (12.2) 30.5 (29.1) Financing - repurchase of ordinary share (38.7) - - capital Financing - redemption of preference shares - - (89.7) Increase in cash in the period 25.3 31.8 68.9 Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net debt Increase in cash in the year 25.3 31.8 68.9 Cash (inflow) outflow from increase (decrease) 12.2 (30.5) 29.1 in debt and lease financing Cash outflow from movement in liquid resources - 324.6 383.9 Change in net debt resulting from cash flows 37.5 325.9 481.9 Translation differences (38.9) (44.0) (51.2) Other differences (0.7) (0.6) (1.2) Movement in net debt in the period (2.1) 281.3 429.5 Net debt brought forward (431.2) (860.7) (860.7) Net debt at end of period (note 9 (ii)) (433.3) (579.4) (431.2) Consolidated Statement of Total Recognised Gains & Losses Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 (Restated) (Restated) (Note 1) £m £m £m Profit on ordinary activities after taxation 203.9 161.7 407.4 Unrealised currency translation differences 9.8 6.2 (8.9) Total recognised gains and losses relating to 213.7 167.9 398.5 the period Prior year adjustment (354.7) - - Total recognised (losses) gains since the last (141.0) 167.9 398.5 financial statements The prior year adjustment arises from the implementation during the period of the revised accounting policy for deferred tax provisions (note 1). The unrealised currency translation differences shown above are the net result of retranslating to sterling, in accordance with our accounting policy, of significant overseas investments and certain net foreign currency borrowings which provide a partial hedge against the impact of currency movements on those investments. Notes 1. Accounting policies The interim accounts have been prepared using the same policies as those adopted in the accounts for the financial year ended 31 December 2000, other than where changes were necessary to implement FRS 18 'Accounting Policies' and FRS 19 'Deferred Tax', and are unaudited. The financial information for the year ended 31 December 2000 is an abridged version of the accounts, as adjusted for the restatement due to a change in accounting policy (described below). Those accounts have been reported on by the company's auditors and delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The report of the auditors was unqualified and did not contain a statement under section 237(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 1985. During the period, the group adopted FRS 18 'Accounting Policies' and FRS 19 'Deferred Tax'. There was no effect on the group's net assets and results for the period arising from the adoption of FRS 18. Implementation of FRS 19 'Deferred Tax' The standard, which affects the way the group accounts for deferred tax, has been adopted by the group for the first time in these accounts. Comparative amounts have been restated as appropriate. FRS 19 requires the full, rather than partial, provision of future corporate tax liabilities, and has resulted in a prior year adjustment which has decreased shareholders' funds and increased provisions of the group by £259.8 million at 1 January 2000. In adopting FRS 19 the group has decided not to use the option of discounting, as allowed by the standard. Comparative amounts have been restated and consequently reserves have decreased and provisions increased by £47.3 million for the six months ended 30 June 2000 and £94.9 million for the year ended 31 December 2000. The tax charges for the six months ended 30 June 2000 and for the year ended 31 December 2000 have increased by £34.3 million and £81.4 million respectively. 2. Turnover - by location of production Norway and Gulf of UK Denmark Italy Mexico Total (unaudited six months ended 30 June 2001) £m £m £m £m £m Oil 368.5 326.6 9.7 4.8 709.6 Gas 45.7 15.3 1.4 3.9 66.3 Natural gas liquids 19.2 2.1 - - 21.3 433.4 344.0 11.1 8.7 797.2 Other, including tariff income 4.5 0.7 0.1 1.2 6.5 437.9 344.7 11.2 9.9 803.7 Norway and Gulf of UK Denmark Italy Mexico Total (unaudited six months ended 30 June 2000) £m £m £m £m £m Oil 435.5 300.2 11.0 12.5 759.2 Gas 41.9 6.8 1.0 2.8 52.5 Natural gas liquids 17.3 1.7 - - 19.0 494.7 308.7 12.0 15.3 830.7 Other, including tariff income 3.2 0.6 - 0.6 4.4 497.9 309.3 12.0 15.9 835.1 Norway and Gulf of UK Denmark Italy Mexico Total (year ended 31 December 2000) £m £m £m £m £m Oil 927.3 700.3 25.1 21.7 1,674.4 Gas 83.3 17.8 2.1 8.5 111.7 Natural gas liquids 38.4 3.9 - - 42.3 1,049.0 722.0 27.2 30.2 1,828.4 Other, including tariff income 9.6 1.4 - 1.8 12.8 1,058.6 723.4 27.2 32.0 1,841.2 3. Cost of sales Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 £m £m £m Depreciation of development costs (i), (ii) 140.4 191.4 362.7 Operating costs 119.9 115.9 253.5 Research and development 0.4 0.4 1.5 Royalties 9.8 10.9 23.4 270.5 318.6 641.1 (i) The depreciation charge for the six months ended 30 June 2001 includes a credit of £5.4 million arising from the application of ceiling tests to the Siri field in Denmark. This resulted in a deferred tax charge of £1.6 million. (ii) The exceptional charge for depreciation for the six months ended 30 June 2000 of £42.9 million arose from a reduction in the estimated reserves of the Garden Banks 161 field in the US Gulf of Mexico. For the full year ended 31 December 2000 the exceptional charge was £40.2 million. There was no related taxation. 4. Net interest and similar items receivable (payable) Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 £m £m £m Interest receivable and similar income: Income from current asset investments 24.8 16.2 40.5 Foreign exchange gains 15.4 3.1 1.6 40.2 19.3 42.1 Share of interest from associate 0.1 - - Net interest receivable and similar income 40.3 19.3 42.1 Interest payable and similar charges (53.2) (53.1) (109.8) Amount capitalised 26.6 14.4 35.4 Unwinding of discounts on long-term provisions (2.9) (3.0) (5.9) Share of interest payable by associate (0.7) - (0.2) Net interest payable and similar charges (30.2) (41.7) (80.5) Net interest and similar items receivable 10.1 (22.4) (38.4) (payable) 5. Taxation charge Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 (Restated) (Restated) (Note 1) £m £m £m UK petroleum revenue tax - current 34.5 55.1 115.0 - deferred 1.8 (3.3) (3.8) Norwegian petroleum tax - current 26.9 - 0.4 - deferred (6.3) 15.7 40.0 UK corporation tax - current 75.4 76.2 162.4 - deferred (4.0) (0.9) (6.5) Overseas tax principally Norwegian taxes - 151.4 123.0 313.4 current - deferred (8.7) 29.0 30.9 Share of associate's tax 0.7 - 0.1 271.7 294.8 651.9 6. Earnings per share The calculation of basic earnings per share is based upon the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders for the six months ended 30 June 2001 of £203.9 million (six months ended 30 June 2000: £157.7 million and year ended 31 December 2000: £399.6 million) and the adjusted weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period of 482.1 million ordinary shares (six months ended 30 June 2000: 488.5 million and year ended 31 December 2000: 487.5 million). Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders is arrived at by deducting preference share dividends from profit on ordinary activities after taxation. The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding excludes 14.7 million shares (six months ended 30 June 2000: 9.8 million and year ended 31 December 2000: 11.1 million) held by employee share scheme trusts on which no dividend is payable. Diluted earnings per share differs from basic earnings per share in that the weighted average number of ordinary shares includes potential shares, being any financial instrument or right that may entitle its holder to ordinary shares, such as share options. The weighted number of ordinary shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share is 490.9 million for the six months ended 30 June 2001 (six months ended 30 June 2000: 492.2 million and year ended 31 December 2000: 493.0 million). Adjusted earnings per share differs from basic earnings per share in that the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2000 and the six months ended 30 June 2000 excludes an exceptional item (note 3). This measure, when compared to prior periods, more accurately reflects the ongoing group performance. During the six months ended 30 June 2001 the group commenced a share repurchase programme. At 30 June 2001, 6.7 million ordinary shares of 25p each had been purchased and cancelled. The repurchase prices ranged from 548.8p to 618.76p, resulting in £38.4 million being returned to shareholders. 7. Capital expenditure Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 Capital expenditure comprises: £m £m £m Exploration and appraisal expenditure: Exploration and appraisal 70.5 32.5 84.5 Acquisitions - 0.4 18.4 70.5 32.9 102.9 Development expenditure: Development 179.5 118.4 248.8 Capitalised interest (i) 26.6 14.4 35.4 Acquisitions (ii) - 88.6 85.3 206.1 221.4 369.5 Other fixed assets 3.8 1.8 7.0 Total capital expenditure 280.4 256.1 479.4 Decommissioning (7.9) 4.6 - Total capital expenditure after decommissioning 272.5 260.7 479.4 Notes: (i) As at 30 June 2001 interest capitalised as part of tangible fixed assets was £248.5 million (31 December 2000: £234.4 million and 30 June 2000: £228.5 million). (ii) In June 2000 the group agreed to acquire all of Reading and Bates Falcon Corporation's exploration and production assets in the US Gulf of Mexico. The consideration for this deal of approximately £84.1 million resulted in additions to development assets of £88.6 million including an increase in decommissioning provisions of £4.5 million. 8. Reconciliation of movements in shareholders' funds Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 (Restated) (Restated) (Note 1) £m £m £m Profit for the financial period/year 203.9 161.7 407.4 Dividends (15.0) (18.5) (44.9) Redemption of preference shares - - (89.7) Other recognised gains and losses relating to 9.8 6.2 4.7 the period/year New equity share capital subscribed 1.5 1.0 2.6 Repurchase of ordinary share capital (38.7) - - Net increase in shareholders' funds 161.5 150.4 280.1 Shareholders' funds at beginning of period 1,098.1 818.0 818.0 Shareholders' funds at end of period 1,259.6 968.4 1,098.1 9. Cash Flow Statement Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 i) Reconciliation of operating profit to £m £m £m operating cash flow Operating profit 462.8 477.4 1,096.1 Depreciation charges 143.2 193.7 367.6 Exploration costs 45.8 20.7 68.0 Movements in stocks (1.0) 0.4 (0.8) Movements in operating debtors (22.9) (70.7) (59.8) Movements in operating current liabilities 62.6 (20.5) (23.0) Other deferrals and accruals of operating - - (2.8) cashflows Net cash inflow from operations 690.5 601.0 1,445.3 At At At 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 ii) Analysis of net debt £m £m £m Cash at bank and in hand 169.2 102.1 142.7 Overdrafts (2.0) (1.5) (0.9) 167.2 100.6 141.8 Current asset investments (liquid resources) 699.1 632.4 690.6 Debt due within one year (167.3) (133.3) (157.7) Debt due after more than one year (1,127.7) (1,174.2) (1,101.3) Finance leases (4.6) (4.9) (4.6) (433.3) (579.4) (431.2) Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 iii) Returns on investments and servicing of £m £m £m finance Interest received and similar income 22.0 14.7 38.1 Interest paid (52.7) (50.5) (108.3) Interest element of finance lease rentals paid - - (0.3) Preference dividends paid - (4.0) (6.0) Net cash outflow for returns on investments and (30.7) (39.8) (76.5) servicing of finance 9. Cash Flow Statement (continued) Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 iv) Taxation £m £m £m UK petroleum revenue tax (63.1) (55.7) (112.9) UK corporate taxes (53.0) (1.8) (64.8) Overseas tax (179.6) (0.3) (140.3) Net cash outflow for tax paid (295.7) (57.8) (318.0) Six months Six months Year ended ended ended 30 June 30 June 31 2001 2000 December (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2000 v) Capital expenditure £m £m £m Capital expenditure: - Development (185.6) (118.0) (237.7) - Exploration and appraisal (46.7) (28.2) (82.2) - Sale of licence interests 0.3 13.1 13.2 - Purchase of licence interests - (2.3) (96.2) - Purchase of other fixed assets (5.0) (1.8) (7.0) Net cash outflow for capital expenditure (237.0) (137.2) (409.9) 10. Contingencies A third party is claiming damages in the English courts against a company acting on behalf of a joint venture including the company, and in the Texas courts against the company and its co-venturers, in respect of the termination of a rig hire contract. The English court action started in January 2001 and is now substantially complete. Final oral submissions will be made at the beginning of October and the decision is expected in late 2001. It is difficult to foresee with any certainty the outcome of the case or the amount of the group's contingent liability, if any, and no provision has been made. Were the third party to succeed in the English Court it is estimated that the maximum liability to the group would not be material. The litigation in the Texas courts is unlikely to commence until late 2001 and the group has been advised that this litigation is unlikely to succeed. The company and its co-venturers are defending the litigation vigorously. Independent Review Report by KPMG Audit Plc to Enterprise Oil plc We have been instructed by the company to review the interim financial information for the six months ended 30 June 2001 set out on pages 16 to 24 and we have read the other information contained in the interim report and considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the financial information. Directors' responsibilities The interim report, including the financial information contained therein, is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors. The directors are responsible for preparing the interim report in accordance with the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority which require that the accounting policies and presentation applied to the interim figures should be consistent with those applied in preparing the preceding annual accounts except where any changes, and the reason for them, are disclosed. Review work performed We conducted our review in accordance with guidance contained in Bulletin 1999 /4 issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the United Kingdom. A review consists principally of making enquiries of management and applying analytical procedures to the financial information and underlying financial data and based thereon, assessing whether the accounting policies and presentation have been consistently applied unless otherwise disclosed. A review excludes audit procedures such as tests of control and verification of assets, liabilities and transactions. It is substantially less in scope than an audit performed in accordance with United Kingdom Auditing Standards and therefore provides a lower level of assurance than an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion on the financial information. Review conclusion On the basis of our review we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the financial information as presented for the six months ended 30 June 2001. KPMG Audit Plc Chartered Accountants London 5 September 2001 Additional Information Under US Accounting Principles The information regarding production and financial results reported in this statement is prepared in accordance with the group's established reporting and accounting policies which comply with UK accounting principles. The following supplementary information is prepared under US accounting principles: Six months to Six months to 30 June 2001 30 June 2000 Production (mboe per day) 248.2 272.9 Approximate profit after tax (net income) (£m) 194.2 131.8 Approximate earnings per share (pence) 40.3 26.2 Approximate shareholders' equity (£m) as at 30 June 1,144.5 909.6 On January 1, 2001, the group adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, 'Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Certain hedging Activities' and SFAS No. 138, 'Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.' These Standards modify the criteria for identifying derivative instruments and require that derivatives, whether in stand-alone contracts or, in certain cases, those embedded into other contracts, be recorded at their fair value as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. In addition, the Standards prescribe the accounting for the gain or loss resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments. Upon initial adoption of the Standards on January 1, 2001, Enterprise recorded a cumulative transition loss of £5.0 million after tax into net income and £19.4 million into other comprehensive income to reflect the fair value of derivatives intended as cash flow hedges. In addition, £18.5 million was recorded as assets and £42.9 million was recorded as liabilities. Except for the historical information contained herein, this Interim Statement includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, and other risk factors detailed from time to time in the company's publicly available Securities and Exchange Commission reports, which could cause actual results to be materially different. Shareholder Information Financial Calendar Interim dividend payment qualifying date 14 September 2001 Interim dividend payment date 1 November 2001 Full year results 22 February 2002 Annual General Meeting, Glaziers Hall, London 16 May 2002 Final ordinary dividend payment date 3 June 2002 Half year results 5 September 2002 Stock Exchange Listings The ordinary shares of the company of 25p each are listed on the London Stock Exchange. Ordinary shares and cumulative dollar preference shares of the company are also traded on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares and held in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). ADR holders receive the annual and interim reports issued to shareholders as well as a supplement to the annual report providing certain accounting information prepared under US accounting principles. The company has filed a Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2000 with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Published Information Further copies of the interim report as well as copies of the annual report, the Form 20-F, the US accounting supplement to the annual report, environmental review and the company's 2001 Key Facts may be obtained from the Corporate Communications Department, Enterprise Oil plc, Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5EJ. Company information may also be viewed on the website: www.entoil.com Shareholder Services The company's brokers, Cazenove & Co Limited, regulated by The Securities and Futures Authority and a member of the London Stock Exchange plc., provide a simple low-cost postal share dealing facility in Enterprise Oil plc ordinary shares. Commission rates are 1 per cent up to £5,000 of the value of the shares bought or sold, 0.5 per cent on the next £145,500 and 0.3 per cent for amounts thereafter, subject to a £10 minimum charge. Further details can be obtained from Enterprise Oil Share Dealing Service, Cazenove & Co Limited, 12 Tokenhouse Yard, London EC2R 7AN (Tel: 020 7606 1768). Registrar - UK Shareholders Holders of American Depositary Receipts Lloyds TSB Registrars Scotland Citibank N.A. 117 Dundas Street 111 Wall Street Edinburgh New York EH3 5ED NY 10005 USA Telephone: 0870 601 5366 Telephone: 00 1 800 422 2066 Broker Helpline: 0870 600 0158 Forward Looking Statement This Announcement of Interim Results for the six months ended 30 June 2001 contains forward looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward looking statements are not guarantees of Enterprise's future operational or financial performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. The forward looking statements refer to, among other things: the expectation that the Skene field will start production by the end of 2001 and the Boomvang field in early 2002; the expectations for project sanction for the Clair development and the approval of the Valhall flank plan of development by the Norwegian authorities; the anticipation that the group is targeting production growth of 5 per cent over 2000 levels by 2005. Over half of this growth has been identified in the group's existing portfolio. The balance will be achieved through exploration success, identifying further upside potential in the group's existing producing fields and developments and portfolio management; the assumption the group will be able to unlock value from undeveloped discoveries in the Petrobras portfolio using its infrastructure interests; the expectation of increased Nelson production in 2002 due to infill drilling; the expectation that first production from the Maclure development will occur in the second half of 2002; the expectation that the sale of Enterprise Oil Denmark Limited will be completed in September 2001; the expectation that the Tempa Rossa field will receive project sanction in October 2001 and that the pipeline from Oil Centre to Taranto will be commissioned in October 2001; the expected peak production from the Boomvang field; the expectation that the Bijupira-Salema fields will start production in the second half 2003 and that the fields will achieve rates of up to 70,000 boepd. Actual operational and financial results may differ materially from Enterprise's expectations contained in the forward looking statements as a result of various factors many of which are beyond the control of the Company. These factors include unforeseen changes in the rate of production from Enterprise's oil and gas fields, changes in the price of crude oil, dollar/ pound exchange rate (because, in most cases, the price of crude oil is denominated in dollars while most of Enterprise's costs are incurred in, and its results are reported in, pounds), adverse technical factors associated with the exploration, development, production or transportation of Enterprise's crude oil and natural gas reserves, changes in political or fiscal regime in Enterprise's areas of activity, principally changes in UK, Norwegian, Italian or US federal or state tax or similar laws or regulations, changes in the timing of significant capital expenditures, delays in production start-up due to an industry shortage of skilled manpower, equipment or materials and cost inflation within the industrial sectors and economies in which Enterprise operates.
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